37
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Paper

Uncertainty cues amplify late positive potential responses to aversive emotional stimuli

, &
Received 25 Sep 2023, Published online: 01 Jun 2024

References

  • Alloy, L. B., & Tabachnik, N. (1984). Assessment of covariation by humans and animals: The joint influence of prior expectations and current situational information. Psychological Review, 91(1), 112–149. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.91.1.112
  • Amin, J. M., & Lovibond, P. F. (1997). Dissociations between covariation bias and expectancy bias for fear-relevant stimuli. Cognition and Emotion, 11(3), 273–289. https://doi.org/10.1080/026999397379926
  • Bar-Anan, Y., Wilson, T. D., & Gilbert, D. T. (2009). The feeling of uncertainty intensifies affective reactions. Emotion, 9(1), 123–127. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0014607
  • Barlow, D. H. (2002). Anxiety and its disorders: The nature and treatment of anxiety and panic (2nd ed.). Guilford Press.
  • Baumeister, R. F., Bratslavsky, E., Finkenauer, C., & Vohs, K. D. (2001). Bad is stronger than good. Review of General Psychology, 5(4), 323–370. https://doi.org/10.1037/1089-2680.5.4.323
  • Boddez, Y., Vervliet, B., Baeyens, F., Lauwers, S., Hermans, D., & Beckers, T. (2011). Expectancy bias in a selective conditioning procedure. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 43(2), 832–837. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbtep.2011.11.005
  • Buhr, K., & Dugas, M. J. (2002). The intolerance of uncertainty scale: Psychometric properties of the English version. Behavior Research and Therapy, 40(8), 931–945. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7967(01)00092-4
  • Camerer, C., & Weber, M. (1992). Recent developments in modeling preferences- uncertainty and ambiguity. Journal of Risk and Uncertainty, 5(4), 325–370. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00122575
  • Carretié, L., Hinojosa, J. A., Martín‐Loeches, M., Mercado, F., & Tapia, M. (2004). Automatic attention to emotional stimuli: Neural correlates. Human Brain Mapping, 22(4), 290–299. https://doi.org/10.1002/hbm.20037
  • Carretié, L., Martín-Loeches, M., Hinojosa, J. A., & Mercado, F. (2001). Emotion and attention interaction studied through event-related potentials. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 13(8), 1109–1128. https://doi.org/10.1162/089892901753294400
  • Chan, C. K. Y., & Lovibond, P. F. (1996). Expectancy bias in trait anxiety. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 205(4), 637–647. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-843X.105.4.637
  • Chapman, L. J., & Chapman, J. P. (1969). Illusory correlation as an obstacle to the use of valid psychodiagnostic signs. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 74(3), 271–280. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0027592
  • Connolly, K. M., Lohr, J. M., Olatunji, B. O., Hahn, K. S., & Williams, N. L. (2009). Information processing in contamination fear: A covariation bias examination of fear and disgust. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 23(1), 60–68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2008.03.017
  • Cordray, D. S., & Shaw, J. I. (1978). An experimental test of the covariation analysis in causal attribution. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 14(3), 280–290. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1031(78)90016-1
  • Crocker, J. (1981). Judgment of covariation by social perceivers. Psychological Bulletin, 90(2), 272–292. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.90.2.272
  • Cuthbert, B. N., Schupp, H. T., Bradley, M. M., Birbaumer, N., & Lang, P. J. (2000). Brain potentials in affective picture processing: Covariation with autonomic arousal and affective report. Biological Psychology, 52(2), 95–111. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0301-0511(99)00044-7
  • Davey, G. C. L. (1992). An expectancy model of laboratory preparedness effects. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 121(1), 24–40. https://doi.org/10.1037/0096-3445.121.1.24
  • Davey, G. C. L. (1995). Preparedness and phobias: Specific evolved associations or a generalized expectancy bias? Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 18(2), 289–297. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X00038498
  • Davey, G. C. L., & Dixon, A. L. (1995). The expectancy bias model of selective associations: The relationship of judgments of CS dangerousness, CS-UCS similarity, and prior fear to a priori and a posteriori covariation assessments. Behavioral Research and Therapy, 34(3), 235–252. https://doi.org/10.1016/0005-7967(96)88487-7
  • Davis, M., & Whalen, P. J. (2001). The amygdala: Vigilance and emotion. Molecular Psychiatry, 6(1), 13–34. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.mp.4000812
  • De Jong, P. J., & Merckelbach, H. (1993). Covariation bias, classical conditioning, and phobic fear. Integrative Physiological and Behavioral Science, 28(2), 167–170. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02691222
  • De Jong, P. J., Van den Hout, M. A., & Merckelbach, H. (1995). Covariation bias and the return of fear. Behavioral Research and Therapy, 33(2), 211–213. https://doi.org/10.1016/0005-7967(94)E0024-D
  • Delorme, A., & Makeig, S. (2004). EEGLAB: An open source toolbox for analysis of single-trial EEG dynamics including independent component analysis. Journal of Neuroscience Methods, 134(1), 9–21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneumeth.2003.10.009
  • Dickerson, S. S., & Kemeny, M. E. (2004). Acute stressors and cortisol responses: A theoretical integration and synthesis of laboratory research. Psychological Bulletin, 130(3), 355. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.130.3.355
  • Engelhard, I. M., de Jong, P. J., van den Hout, M. A., & van Overveld, M. (2009). Expectancy bias and the persistence of posttraumatic stress. Behavior Research and Therapy, 47(10), 887–892. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2009.06.017
  • Ferrari, V., Bradley, M. M., Codispoti, M., & Lang, P. J. (2011). Repetitive exposure: Brain reflex measures of emotion and attention. Psychophysiology, 48(4), 515–522. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8986.2010.01083.x
  • Foti, D., Olvet, D. M., Klein, D. N., & Hajcak, G. (2010). Reduced electrocortical response to threatening faces in major depressive disorder. Depression and Anxiety, 27(9), 813–820. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.20712
  • Garner, M., Mogg, K., & Bradley, B. P. (2006). Fear-relevant selective associations and social anxiety: Absence of a positive bias. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 44(2), 201–217. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2004.12.007
  • Grillon, C., & Charney, D. R. (2011). In the face of fear: Anxiety sensitizes defensive responses to fearful faces. Psychophysiology, 48(12), 1745–1752. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8986.2011.01268.x
  • Gross, J. J. (1998). The emerging field of emotion regulation: An integrative review. Review of General Psychology, 2(3), 271–299. https://doi.org/10.1037/1089-2680.2.3.271
  • Gross, J. J. (2015). Emotion regulation: Current status and future prospects. Psychological Inquiry, 26(1), 1–26. https://doi.org/10.1080/1047840X.2014.940781
  • Grupe, D. W., & Nitschke, J. B. (2011). Uncertainty is associated with biased expectancies and heightened responses to aversion. Emotion, 11(2), 413–424. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0022583
  • Grupe, D. W., & Nitschke, J. B. (2013). Uncertainty and anticipation in anxiety: An integrated neurobiological and psychological perspective. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 14(7), 488–501. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrn3524
  • Hajcak, G., MacNamara, A., Foti, D., Ferri, J., & Keil, A. (2011). The dynamic allocation of attention to emotion: Simultaneous and independent evidence from the late positive potential and steady state visual evoked potentials. Biological Psychology, 92(3), 447–455. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsycho.2011.11.012
  • Hastorf, A. H., & Cantril, H. (1954). They saw a game; a case study. The Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 49(1), 129–134. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0057880
  • Herman, C., Ofer, J., & Flor, H. (2004). Covariation bias for ambiguous social stimuli in generalized social phobia. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 113(4), 646–653. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-843X.113.4.646
  • Hirsh, J. B., & Inzlicht, M. (2008). The devil you know: Neuroticism predicts neural response to uncertainty. Psychological Science, 19(10), 962–967. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.2008.02183.x
  • Kagan, J. (1972). Motives and development. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 22(1), 51–66. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0032356
  • Kahneman, D., & Tversky, A. (1973). On the psychology of prediction. Psychological Review, 80(4), 237–251. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0034747
  • Kimmel, H. D. (1967). Instrumental conditioning of autonomically mediated behavior. Psychological Bulletin, 67(5), 337–345. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0024494
  • Lang, P. J., Bradley, M. M., & Cuthbert, B. N. (2008). International affective picture system (IAPS): Affective ratings of pictures and instruction manual. Technical Report A-8. University of Florida,
  • Luck, S. J. (2014). An introduction to the event-related potential technique. MIT press.
  • Moser, J. S., Krompinger, J. W., Dietz, J., & Simons, R. F. (2009). Electrophysiological correlates of decreasing and increasing emotional responses to unpleasant pictures. Psychophysiology, 46(1), 17–27. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8986.2008.00721.x
  • Nader, K., & Balleine, B. (2007). Ambiguity and anxiety: When a glass half full is empty. Nature Neuroscience, 10(7), 807–808. https://doi.org/10.1038/nn0707-807
  • Neta, M., Cantelon, J., Haga, Z., Mahoney, C. R., Taylor, H. A., & Davis, F. C. (2017). The impact of uncertain threat on affective bias: Individual differences in response to ambiguity. Emotion, 17(8), 1137. https://doi.org/10.1037/emo0000349
  • Nisbett, R. E., & Ross, L. (1980). Human inference: Strategies and shortcomings of social judgment. Prentice Hall.
  • Nitschke, J. B., Dixon, G. E., Sarinopoulos, I., Short, S. J., Cohen, J. D., Smith, E. E., Kosslyn, S. M., Rose, R. M., & Davidson, R. J. (2006). Altering expectancy dampens neural response to aversive taste in primary taste cortex. Nature Neuroscience, 9(3), 435–442. https://doi.org/10.1038/nn1645
  • Phelps, E. A., & LeDoux, J. E. (2005). Contributions of the amygdala to emotion processing: From animal models to human behavior. Neuron, 48(2), 175–187. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2005.09.025
  • Poli, S., Sarlo, M., Boroletto, M., Buodo, G., & Palomba, D. (2007). Stimulus-preceding negativity and heart rate changes in anticipation of affective pictures. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 65(1), 32–39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2007.02.008
  • Rosen, J. B., & Donley, M. P. (2006). Animal studies of amygdala function in fear and uncertainty: Relevance to human research. Biological Psychology, 73(1), 49–60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsycho.2006.01.007
  • Rosen, J. B., & Schulkin, J. (1998). From normal fear to pathological anxiety. Psychological Review, 105(2), 325–350. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.105.2.325
  • Sanfey, A. G. (2009). Expectations and social decision-making: Biasing effects of prior knowledge on Ultimatum responses. Mind & Society, 8(1), 93–107. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11299-009-0053-6
  • Sarinopoulos, I., Dixon, G. E., Short, S. J., Davidson, R. J., & Nitschke, J. B. (2006). Brain mechanisms of expectation associated with insula and amygdala response to aversive taste: Implications for placebo. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity, 20(2), 120–132. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2005.11.006
  • Sarinopoulos, I., Grupe, D. W., Mackiewicz, K. L., Herrington, D., Lor, M., Steege, E. E., & Nitschke, J. B. (2010). Uncertainty during anticipation modulates neural responses to aversion in human insula and amygdala. Cerebral Cortex, 20(4), 929–940. https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhp155
  • Schupp, H. T., Cuthbert, B. N., Bradley, M. M., Cacioppo, J. T., Ito, T., & Lang, P. J. (2000). Affective picture processing: The late positive potential is modulated by motivational relevance. Psychophysiology, 37(2), 257–261. https://doi.org/10.1111/1469-8986.3720257
  • Schupp, H. T., Schmälzle, R., Flaisch, T., Weike, A. I., & Hamm, A. O. (2013). Reprint of “Affective picture processing as a function of preceding picture valence: An ERP analysis”. Biological Psychology, 92(3), 520–525. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsycho.2013.02.002
  • Tomarken, A. J., Minkea, S., & Cook, M. (1989). Fear-relevant selective associations and covariation bias. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 98(4), 381–394. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-843X.98.4.381
  • Viola, F. C., Debener, S., Thorne, J., & Schneider, T. R. (2010). Using ICA for the Analysis of Multi-Channel EEG Data. In M. Ullsperger, & S. Debener (Eds.), Simultaneous EEG and fMRI: Recording, Analysis, and Application (pp. 121–133). Oxford University Press.
  • Weinberg, A., & Hajcak, G. (2011). The late positive potential predicts subsequent interference with target processing. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 23(10), 2994–3007. https://doi.org/10.1162/jocn.2011.21630
  • Whalen, P. J. (1998). Fear, vigilance, and ambiguity: Initial neuroimaging studies of the human amygdala. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 7(6), 177–188. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8721.ep10836912
  • Wiedemann, G., Pauli, P., & Dengler, W. (2001). A priori expectancy bias in patients with panic disorder. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 15(5), 401–412. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0887-6185(01)00072-X
  • Winkler, I., Haufe, S., & Tangermann, M. (2011). Automatic classification of artifactual ICA-components for artifact removal in EEG signals. Behavioral and Brain Functions, 7(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1186/1744-9081-7-30

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.