1,541
Views
56
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Review

Diagnosis and management of extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma nasal type

&
Pages 861-871 | Received 19 May 2016, Accepted 23 Jun 2016, Published online: 08 Jul 2016

References

  • Sun JC, Lanier LL. NK cell development, homeostasis and function: parallels with CD8⁺ T cells. Nat Rev Immunol. 2011;11(10):645–657.
  • Cerwenka A, Lanier LL. Natural killer cell memory in infection, inflammation and cancer. Nat Rev Immunol. 2016;16(2):112–123.
  • Montaldo E, Vacca P, Moretta L, et al. Development of human natural killer cells and other innate lymphoid cells. Semin Immunol. 2014;26(2):107–113.
  • Parham P. MHC class I molecules and KIRs in human history, health and survival. Nat Rev Immunol. 2005;5(3):201–214.
  • Chim CS, Ooi GC, Shek TW, et al. Lethal midline granuloma revisited: nasal T/Natural-killer cell lymphoma. J Clin Oncol. 1999;17(4):1322–1325.
  • Kwong YL. Natural killer-cell malignancies: diagnosis and treatment. Leukemia. 2005;19(12):2186–2194.
  • Harris NL, Jaffe ES, Stein H, et al. A revised European-American classification of lymphoid neoplasms: a proposal from the international lymphoma study group. Blood. 1994;84(5):1361–1392.
  • Chan JK, Tsang WY, Ng CS. Clarification of CD3 immunoreactivity in nasal T/natural killer cell lymphomas: the neoplastic cells are often CD3 epsilon+. Blood. 1996;87(2):839–841.
  • Pongpruttipan T, Sukpanichnant S, Assanasen T, et al. Extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type, includes cases of natural killer cell and αβ, γδ, and αβ/γδ T-cell origin: a comprehensive clinicopathologic and phenotypic study. Am J Surg Pathol. 2012;36(4):481–499.
  • Hong M, Lee T, Young Kang S, et al. Nasal-type NK/T-cell lymphomas are more frequently T rather than NK lineage based on T-cell receptor gene, RNA, and protein studies: lineage does not predict clinical behavior. Mod Pathol. 2016;29(5):430–443.
  • Chan JK, Quintanilla-Martinez L, Ferry JA, et al. Extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type. In: Swerdlow SH, Campo E, Harris NL, et al. editor. WHO classification of tumours of haematopoietic and lymphoid tissues. Lyon: International Agency for Research on Cancer; 2008. p. 285–288.
  • Wong KF, Chan JK, Kwong YL. Identification of del(6)(q21q25) as a recurring chromosomal abnormality in putative NK cell lymphoma/leukaemia. Br J Haematol. 1997;98(4):922–926.
  • Siu LL, Wong KF, Chan JK, et al. Comparative genomic hybridization analysis of natural killer cell lymphoma/leukemia. Recognition of consistent patterns of genetic alterations. Am J Pathol. 1999;155(5):1419–1425.
  • Siu LL, Chan V, Chan JK, et al. Consistent patterns of allelic loss in natural killer cell lymphoma. Am J Pathol. 2000;157(6):1803–1809.
  • Küçük C, Iqbal J, Hu X, et al. PRDM1 is a tumor suppressor gene in natural killer cell malignancies. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2011;108(50):20119–20124.
  • Karube K, Nakagawa M, Tsuzuki S, et al. Identification of FOXO3 and PRDM1 as tumor-suppressor gene candidates in NK-cell neoplasms by genomic and functional analyses. Blood. 2011;118(12):3195–3204.
  • Küçük C, Hu X, Iqbal J, et al. HACE1 is a tumor suppressor gene candidate in natural killer cell neoplasms. Am J Pathol. 2013;182(1):49–55.
  • Chen YW, Guo T, Shen L, et al. Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase κ directly targets STAT3 activation for tumor suppression in nasal NK/T-cell lymphoma. Blood. 2015;125(10):1589–1600.
  • Iqbal J, Weisenburger DD, Chowdhury A, et al. International peripheral T-cell lymphoma project. Natural killer cell lymphoma shares strikingly similar molecular features with a group of non-hepatosplenic γδ T-cell lymphoma and is highly sensitive to a novel aurora kinase a inhibitor in vitro. Leukemia. 2011;25(2):348–358.
  • Ng SB, Selvarajan V, Huang G, et al. Activated oncogenic pathways and therapeutic targets in extranodal nasal-type NK/T cell lymphoma revealed by gene expression profiling. J Pathol. 2011;223(4):496–510.
  • Koo GC, Tan SY, Tang T, et al. Janus kinase 3-activating mutations identified in natural killer/T-cell lymphoma. Cancer Discov. 2012;2(7):591–597.
  • Küçük C, Jiang B, Hu X, et al. Activating mutations of STAT5B and STAT3 in lymphomas derived from γδ-T or NK cells. Nat Commun. 2015;6:6025.
  • Jiang L, Gu ZH, Yan ZX, et al. Exome sequencing identifies somatic mutations of DDX3X in natural killer/T-cell lymphoma. Nat Genet. 2015;47(9):1061–1066.
  • Lee S, Park HY, Kang SY, et al. Genetic alterations of JAK/STAT cascade and histone modification in extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma nasal type. Oncotarget. 2015;6(19):17764–17776.
  • Siu LL, Chan JK, Wong KF, et al. Specific patterns of gene methylation in natural killer cell lymphomas: p73 is consistently involved. Am J Pathol. 2002;160(1):59–66.
  • Küçük C, Hu X, Jiang B, et al. Global promoter methylation analysis reveals novel candidate tumor suppressor genes in natural killer cell lymphoma. Clin Cancer Res. 2015;21(7):1699–1711.
  • Kwong YL, Khong PL. Central palatal perforation in nasal natural killer cell lymphoma. Br J Haematol. 2011;152(1):2.
  • Kwong YL, Chan AC, Liang R, et al. CD56+ NK lymphomas: clinicopathological features and prognosis. Br J Haematol. 1997;97(4):821–829.
  • Takata K, Hong ME, Sitthinamsuwan P, et al. Primary cutaneous NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type and CD56-positive peripheral T-cell lymphoma: a cellular lineage and clinicopathologic study of 60 patients from Asia. Am J Surg Pathol. 2015;39(1):1–12.
  • Chim CS, Au WY, Shek TW, et al. Primary CD56 positive lymphomas of the gastrointestinal tract. Cancer. 2001;91(3):525–533.
  • Kim SJ, Jung HA, Chuang SS, et al.; Asia Lymphoma Study Group. Extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma involving the gastrointestinal tract: analysis of clinical features and outcomes from the Asia Lymphoma Study Group. J Hematol Oncol. 2013;6:86.
  • Au WY, Chan AC, Kwong YL. Scrotal skin ulcer in a patient with a previous tonsillectomy because of natural killer cell lymphoma. Am J Dermatopathol. 1998;20(6):582–585.
  • Chim CS, Au WY, Poon C, et al. Primary natural killer cell lymphoma of skeletal muscle. Histopathology. 2002;41(4):371–374.
  • Chim CS, Choy C, Liang R, et al. Isolated uterine relapse of nasal T/Nk cell lymphoma. Leuk Lymphoma. 1999;34(5–6):629–632.
  • Chim CS, Ma ES, Loong F, et al. Diagnostic cues for natural killer cell lymphoma: primary nodal presentation and the role of in situ hybridisation for Epstein-Barr virus encoded early small RNA in detecting occult bone marrow involvement. J Clin Pathol. 2005;58(4):443–445.
  • Chan WK, Au WY, Wong CY, et al. Metabolic activity measured by F-18 FDG PET in natural killer-cell lymphoma compared to aggressive B- and T-cell lymphomas. Clin Nucl Med. 2010;35(8):571–575.
  • Tse E, Leung R, Khong PL, et al. Non-nasal natural killer cell lymphoma: not non-nasal after all. Ann Hematol. 2009;88(2):185–187.
  • Chan JK, Jaffe ES, Ralfkiaer E, et al. Aggresssive NK-cell leukaemia. In: Swerdlow SH, Campo E, Harris NL, et al. editor. WHO classification of tumours of haematopoietic and lymphoid tissues. Lyon: International Agency for Research on Cancer; 2008. p. 276–277.
  • Siu LL, Chan JK, Kwong YL. Natural killer cell malignancies: clinicopathologic and molecular features. Histol Histopathol. 2002;17(2):539–554.
  • Tse E, Kwong YL. Practical management of natural killer/T-cell lymphoma. Curr Opin Oncol. 2012;24(5):480–486.
  • Ooi GC, Chim CS, Liang R, et al. Nasal T-cell/natural killer cell lymphoma: CT and MR imaging features of a new clinicopathologic entity. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2000;174(4):1141–1145.
  • Khong PL, Pang CB, Liang R, et al. Fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography in mature T-cell and natural killer cell malignancies. Ann Hematol. 2008;87(8):613–621.
  • Au WY, Pang A, Choy C, et al. Quantification of circulating Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA in the diagnosis and monitoring of natural killer cell and EBV-positive lymphomas in immunocompetent patients. Blood. 2004;104(1):243–249.
  • Kanakry JA, Hegde AM, Durand CM, et al. The clinical significance of EBV DNA in the plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with or without EBV diseases. Blood. 2016;127(16):2007–2017.
  • Ishida F, Kwong YL. Diagnosis and management of natural killer-cell malignancies. Expert Rev Hematol. 2010;3(5):593–602.
  • Tse E, Kwong YL. How I treat NK/T-cell lymphomas. Blood. 2013;121(25):4997–5005.
  • Yang Y, Zhu Y, Cao JZ, et al. Risk-adapted therapy for early-stage extranodal nasal-type NK/T-cell lymphoma: analysis from a multicenter study. Blood. 2015;126(12):1424–1432.
  • Tse E, Kwong YL. Nasal NK/T-cell lymphoma: RT, CT, or both. Blood. 2015;126(12):1400–1401.
  • Jaccard A, Gachard N, Marin B, et al.; GELA and GOELAMS intergroup. Efficacy of L-asparaginase with methotrexate and dexamethasone (AspaMetDex regimen) in patients with refractory or relapsing extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, a phase 2 study. Blood. 2011;117(6):1834–1839.
  • Dong LH, Zhang LJ, Wang WJ, et al. Sequential DICE combined with l-asparaginase chemotherapy followed by involved field radiation in newly diagnosed, stage IE to IIE, nasal and extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma. Leuk Lymphoma. 2016;57(7):1600–1606.
  • Wang L, Wang ZH, Chen XQ, et al. First-line combination of gemcitabine, oxaliplatin, and L-asparaginase (GELOX) followed by involved-field radiation therapy for patients with stage IE/IIE extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma. Cancer. 2013;119(2):348–355.
  • Wang L, Wang ZH, Chen XQ, et al. First-line combination of GELOX followed by radiation therapy for patients with stage IE/IIE ENKTL: an updated analysis with long-term follow-up. Oncol Lett. 2015;10(2):1036–1040.
  • Kim M, Kim TM, Kim KH, et al. Ifosfamide, methotrexate, etoposide, and prednisolone (IMEP) plus L-asparaginase as a first-line therapy improves outcomes in stage III/IV NK/T cell-lymphoma, nasal type (NTCL). Ann Hematol. 2015;94(3):437–444.
  • Jiang M, Zhang H, Jiang Y, et al. Phase 2 trial of “sandwich” L-asparaginase, vincristine, and prednisone chemotherapy with radiotherapy in newly diagnosed, stage IE to IIE, nasal type, extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma. Cancer. 2012;118(13):3294–3301.
  • Ding H, Chang J, Liu LG, et al. High-dose methotrexate, etoposide, dexamethasone and pegaspargase (MEDA) combination chemotherapy is effective for advanced and relapsed/refractory extranodal natural killer/T cell lymphoma: a retrospective study. Int J Hematol. 2015;102(2):181–187.
  • Kwong YL, Kim WS, Lim ST, et al. SMILE for natural killer/T-cell lymphoma: analysis of safety and efficacy from the Asia Lymphoma Study Group. Blood. 2012;120(15):2973–2980.
  • Yamaguchi M, Kwong YL, Kim WS, et al. Phase II study of SMILE chemotherapy for newly diagnosed stage IV, relapsed, or refractory extranodal natural killer (NK)/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type: the NK-Cell Tumor Study Group study. J Clin Oncol. 2011;29(33):4410–4416.
  • Kim SJ, Yang DH, Kim JS, et al. Concurrent chemoradiotherapy followed by L-asparaginase-containing chemotherapy, VIDL, for localized nasal extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma: CISL08-01 phase II study. Ann Hematol. 2014;93(11):1895–1901.
  • Yamaguchi M, Tobinai K, Oguchi M, et al. Phase I/II study of concurrent chemoradiotherapy for localized nasal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma: Japan Clinical Oncology Group Study JCOG0211. J Clin Oncol. 2009;27(33):5594–5600.
  • Yamaguchi M, Tobinai K, Oguchi M, et al. Concurrent chemoradiotherapy for localized nasal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma: an updated analysis of the Japan clinical oncology group study JCOG0211. J Clin Oncol. 2012;30(32):4044–4046.
  • Kim SJ, Kim K, Kim BS, et al. Phase II trial of concurrent radiation and weekly cisplatin followed by VIPD chemotherapy in newly diagnosed, stage IE to IIE, nasal, extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma: consortium for improving survival of lymphoma study. J Clin Oncol. 2009;27(35):6027–6032.
  • Kim WS, Song SY, Ahn YC, et al. CHOP followed by involved field radiation: is it optimal for localized nasal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma? Ann Oncol. 2001;12(3):349–352.
  • Yong W, Zheng W, Zhang Y, et al. L-asparaginase-based regimen in the treatment of refractory midline nasal/nasal-type T/NK-cell lymphoma. Int J Hematol. 2003;78(2):163–167.
  • Ando M, Sugimoto K, Kitoh T, et al. Selective apoptosis of natural killer-cell tumours by l-asparaginase. Br J Haematol. 2005;130(6):860–868.
  • Zhang L, Jiang M, Xie L, et al. Five-year analysis from phase 2 trial of “sandwich” chemoradiotherapy in newly diagnosed, stage IE to IIE, nasal type, extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma. Cancer Med. 2016;5(1):33–40.
  • Ahn HK, Kim SJ, Hwang DW, et al. Gemcitabine alone and/or containing chemotherapy is efficient in refractory or relapsed NK/T-cell lymphoma. Invest New Drugs. 2013;31(2):469–472.
  • Chim CS, Ma SY, Au WY, et al. Primary nasal natural killer cell lymphoma: long-term treatment outcome and relationship with the International Prognostic Index. Blood. 2004;103(1):216–221.
  • Lee J, Suh C, Park YH, et al. Extranodal natural killer T-cell lymphoma, nasal-type: a prognostic model from a retrospective multicenter study. J Clin Oncol. 2006 Feb 1;24(4):612–618.
  • Kim SJ, Yoon DH, Jaccard A, et al. A prognostic index for natural killer cell lymphoma after non-anthracycline-based treatment: a multicentre, retrospective analysis. Lancet Oncol. 2016;17(3):389–400.
  • Kwong YL, Pang AW, Leung AY, et al. Quantification of circulating Epstein-Barr virus DNA in NK/T-cell lymphoma treated with the SMILE protocol: diagnostic and prognostic significance. Leukemia. 2014;28(4):865–870.
  • Khong PL, Huang B, Lee EY, et al. Midtreatment 1⁸F-FDG PET/CT scan for early response assessment of SMILE therapy in natural Killer/T-cell lymphoma: a prospective study from a single center. J Nucl Med. 2014;55(6):911–916.
  • Kim SJ, Choi JY, Hyun SH, et al.; Asia Lymphoma Study Group. Risk stratification on the basis of Deauville score on PET-CT and the presence of Epstein-Barr virus DNA after completion of primary treatment for extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type: a multicentre, retrospective analysis. Lancet Haematol. 2015;2(2):e66–74.
  • Au WY, Lie AK, Liang R, et al. Autologous stem cell transplantation for nasal NK/T-cell lymphoma: a progress report on its value. Ann Oncol. 2003;14(11):1673–1676.
  • Lee J, Au WY, Park MJ, et al. Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in extranodal natural killer/T cell lymphoma: a multinational, multicenter, matched controlled study. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant. 2008;14(12):1356–1364.
  • Yhim HY, Kim JS, Mun YC, et al. Consortium for Improving Survival of Lymphoma Study. Clinical outcomes and prognostic factors of up-front autologous stem cell transplantation in patients with extranodal natural Killer/T Cell lymphoma. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant. 2015;21(9):1597–1604.
  • Kwong YL. High-dose chemotherapy and hematopoietic SCT in the management of natural killer-cell malignancies. Bone Marrow Transplant. 2009;44(11):709–714.
  • Kwong YL, Anderson BO, Advani R, et al. Asian Oncology Summit. Management of T-cell and natural-killer-cell neoplasms in Asia: consensus statement from the Asian Oncology Summit 2009. Lancet Oncol. 2009;10(11):1093–1101.
  • Murashige N, Kami M, Kishi Y, et al. Allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation as a promising treatment for natural killer-cell neoplasms. Br J Haematol. 2005;130(4):561–567.
  • Ennishi D, Maeda Y, Fujii N, et al. Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for advanced extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type. Leuk Lymphoma. 2011;52(7):1255–1261.
  • Tse E, Chan TS, Koh LP, et al. Allogeneic haematopoietic SCT for natural killer/T-cell lymphoma: a multicentre analysis from the Asia Lymphoma Study Group. Bone Marrow Transplant. 2014;49(7):902–906.
  • Kim WY, Nam SJ, Kim S, et al. Prognostic implications of CD30 expression in extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma according to treatment modalities. Leuk Lymphoma. 2015;56(6):1778–1786.
  • Kim HK, Moon SM, Moon JH, et al. Complete remission in CD30-positive refractory extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma with brentuximab vedotin. Blood Res. 2015;50(40):254–256.
  • Poon LM, Kwong YL. Complete remission of refractory disseminated NK/T cell lymphoma with brentuximab vedotin and bendamustine. Ann Hematol. 2016;95(5):847–849.
  • Huang Y, de Reyniès A, de Leval L, et al. Gene expression profiling identifies emerging oncogenic pathways operating in extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type. Blood. 2010;115(6):1226–1237.
  • Chen BJ, B C, Ouyang J, et al. PD-L1 expression is characteristic of a subset of aggressive B-cell lymphomas and virus-associated malignancies. Clin Cancer Res. 2013;19(13):3462–3473.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.