942
Views
30
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Review

An update on cirrhotic cardiomyopathy

, , , &
Pages 497-505 | Received 20 Dec 2018, Accepted 18 Feb 2019, Published online: 08 Mar 2019

References

  • Jepsen P, Vilstrup H, Andersen PK. The clinical course of cirrhosis: the importance of multistate models and competing risks analysis. Hepatology. 2015 Jul;62(1):292–302.
  • Piano S, Tonon M, Vettore E, et al. Incidence, predictors and outcomes of acute-on-chronic liver failure in outpatients with cirrhosis. J Hepatol. 2017 Jul;18(17):10.
  • D’amico G, Morabito A, D’Amico M, et al. Clinical states of cirrhosis and competing risks. J Hepatol. 2018 Mar;68(3):563–576.
  • Pc D, Fwo J, Jt B, et al. Q-T prolongation and sudden cardiac death in patients with alcoholic liver disease. Lancet. 1993;341:1423–1428.
  • Kowalski HJ, Abelmann WH. The cardiac output at rest in Laennecs cirrhosis. J Clin Invest. 1953;32:1025–1033.
  • Møller S, Bendtsen F. Cirrhotic multiorgan syndrome. Dig Dis Sci. 2015 Jun;26(60):3209–3225.
  • Wehmeyer MH, Heuer AJ, Benten D, et al. High rate of cardiac abnormalities in a postmortem analysis of patients suffering from Liver cirrhosis. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2015 Nov;49(10):866–872.
  • Ruiz-Del-Arbol L, Monescillo A, Arocena C, et al. Circulatory function and hepatorenal syndrome in cirrhosis. Hepatology. 2005 Jun;23(42):439–447.
  • Krag A, Bendtsen F, Henriksen JH, et al. Low cardiac output predicts development of hepatorenal syndrome and survival in patients with cirrhosis and ascites. Gut. 2010 Jan;59(1):105–110.
  • Møller S, Henriksen JH. Cardiovascular complications of cirrhosis. Gut. 2008 Feb;57(2):268–278.
  • Liu H, Jayakumar S, Traboulsi M, et al. Cirrhotic cardiomyopathy: implications for liver transplantation. Liver Transpl. 2017 Apr 13; 23(6):826–835.
  • Møller S, Lee SS. Cirrhotic cardiomyopathy. J Hepatol. 2018 Apr;28(69):958–960.
  • Ripoll C, Yotti R, Bermejo J, et al. The heart in liver transplantation. J Hepatol. 2010 Nov;11(54):810–822.
  • Di SA, Umano GR, Miraglia Del GE, et al. From the liver to the heart: cardiac dysfunction in obese children with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. World J Hepatol. 2017 Jan 18;9(2):69–73.
  • Junge N, Junge C, Schroder J, et al. Pediatric cirrhotic cardiomyopathy: impact on liver transplant outcomes. Liver Transpl. 2018;10:10.
  • Møller S, Bernardi M. Interactions of the heart and the liver. Eur Heart J. 2013 Sep;34(36):2804–2811.
  • Wiese S, Bendtsen F, Møller S. Cardiovascular biomarkers in cirrhosis and portal hypertension – relation to cardiac and circulatory dysfunction. In: Patel VC, Preedy VR, editors. Biomarkers in cardiovascular disease. 1 ed. Dordrecht: Springer; 2016. p. 573–599.
  • Møller S, Bendtsen F. The pathophysiology of arterial vasodilatation and hyperdynamic circulation in cirrhosis. Liver Int. 2018 Apr;38(4):570–580.
  • Voiosu A, Wiese S, Voiosu T, et al. Bile acids and cardiovascular function in cirrhosis. Liver Int. 2017 Feb;21:10.
  • Vasavan T, Ferraro E, Ibrahim E, et al. Heart and bile acids - clinical consequences of altered bile acid metabolism. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis. 2018 Apr;1864(4 Pt B):1345–1355.
  • Desai MS, Mathur B, Eblimit Z, et al. Bile acid excess induces cardiomyopathy and metabolic dysfunctions in the heart. Hepatology. 2016 Oct 24;65(1):189–201.
  • Bernardi M, Caraceni P. Novel perspectives in the management of decompensated cirrhosis. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2018 Jul %19. doi:10.1038/s41575-018-0045-2.:10-0045.
  • Gines P, Sola E, Angeli P, et al. Hepatorenal syndrome. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2018 Sep 13;4(1):23.
  • Wiese S, Hove J, Mo S, et al. Myocardial extracellular volume quantified by magnetic resonance is increased in cirrhosis and related to poor outcome. Liver Int. 2018 Apr;30:10.
  • Fernandez M. Molecular pathophysiology of portal hypertension. Hepatology. 2015 Apr;61(4):1406–1415.
  • Krag A, Bendtsen F, Burroughs AK, et al. The cardiorenal link in advanced cirrhosis. Med Hypotheses. 2012 Apr 24;79(1):53–55.
  • Kazory A, Ronco C. Hepatorenal syndrome or hepatocardiorenal syndrome: revisiting basic concepts in view of emerging data. Cardiorenal Med. 2018 Sep 17;9(1):1–7.
  • Lipcsey M, Castegren M, Bellomo R. Hemodynamic management of septic shock. Minerva Anestesiol. 2015 Nov;81(11):1262–1272.
  • Arroyo V. Microalbuminuria, systemic inflammation, and multiorgan dysfunction in decompensated cirrhosis: evidence for a nonfunctional mechanism of hepatorenal syndrome. Hepatol Int. 2017 Jan 25;11(3):242–244.
  • Coenraad MJ, Porcher R, Bendtsen F. Hepatic and cardiac hemodynamics and systemic inflammation in cirrhosis: it takes three to tango. J Hepatol. 2018 May;68(5):887–889.
  • Turco L, Garcia-Tsao G, Magnani I, et al. Cardiopulmonary hemodynamics and c-reactive protein as prognostic indicators in compensated and decompensated cirrhosis. J Hepatol. 2018 Jan 10;68(18):949–958.
  • Wong F, Liu P, Lilly L, et al. Role of cardiac structural and functional abnormalities in the pathogenesis of hyperdynamic circulation and renal sodium retention in cirrhosis. Clin Sci. 1999 Sep;97(3):259–267.
  • Cesari M, Frigo AC, Tonon M, et al. Cardiovascular predictors of death in patients with cirrhosis. Hepatology. 2018 Jul;68(1):215–223.
  • Ruiz-Del-Arbol L, Achecar L, Serradilla R, et al. Diastolic dysfunction is a predictor of poor outcomes in patients with cirrhosis, portal hypertension and a normal creatinine. Hepatology. 2013 May 23;58(5):1732–1742.
  • Gunay N, Erdem S, Guvenc TS, et al. Morphologic and functional changes in right-sided cardiac chambers in patients with chronic liver disease and normal pulmonary artery pressure. J Ultrasound Med. 2018 Jul;37(7):1681–1691.
  • Pozzi M, Carugo S, Boari G, et al. Evidence of functional and structural cardiac abnormalities in cirrhotic patients with and without ascites. Hepatology. 1997;26(5):1131–1137.
  • Merli M, Torromeo C, Giusto M, et al. Survival at 2 years among liver cirrhotic patients is influenced by left atrial volume and left ventricular mass. Liver Int. 2017 May;37(5):700–706.
  • Henriksen JH, Gøetze JP, Fuglsang S, et al. Increased circulating pro-brain natriuretic peptide (proBNP) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) in patients with cirrhosis relation to cardiovascular dysfunction and severity of disease. Gut. 2003;52:1511–1517.
  • Saner FH, Neumann T, Canbay A, et al. High brain-natriuretic peptide level predicts cirrhotic cardiomyopathy in liver transplant patients. Transpl Int. 2011 Jan;29(24):425–432.
  • Danielsen KV, Wiese S, Hove J, et al. Pronounced coronary arteriosclerosis in cirrhosis: influence on cardiac function and survival? Dig Dis Sci. 2018 May;63(5):1355–1362.
  • EASL Clinical Practice. Guidelines for the management of patients with decompensated cirrhosis. J Hepatol. 2018 Apr 10;69:(2)406–460.
  • Wong F, Girgrah N, Graba J, et al. The cardiac response to exercise in cirrhosis. Gut. 2001 Aug;49(2):268–275.
  • Busk TM, Bendtsen F, Møller S. Cardiac and renal effects of a transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt in cirrhosis. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2013 Jan 15;25(5):523–530.
  • Merli M, Valeriano V, Funaro S, et al. Modifications of cardiac function in cirrhotic patients treated with transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS). Am J Gastroenterol. 2002 Jan;97(1):142–148.
  • Krag A, Bendtsen F, Mortensen C, et al. Effects of a single terlipressin administration on cardiac function and perfusion in cirrhosis. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2010 Sep;22(9):1085–1092.
  • Sampaio F, Lamata P, Bettencourt N, et al. Assessment of cardiovascular physiology using dobutamine stress cardiovascular magnetic resonance reveals impaired contractile reserve in patients with cirrhotic cardiomyopathy. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson. 2015 Jul 18;17(1):61–0157.
  • Kazankov K, Holland-Fischer P, Nh A, et al. Resting myocardial dysfunction in cirrhosis quantified by tissue Doppler imaging. Liver Int. 2011 Apr;31(4):534–540.
  • Torregrosa M, Aguade S, Dos L, et al. Cardiac alterations in cirrhosis: reversibility after liver transplantation. J Hepatol. 2005 Jan;42(1):68–74.
  • Glenn TK, Honar H, Liu H, et al. Role of cardiac myofilament proteins titin and collagen in the pathogenesis of diastolic dysfunction in cirrhotic rats. J Hepatol. 2011 Dec;55(6):1249–1255.
  • Nagueh SF, Smiseth OA, Appleton CP, et al. Recommendations for the evaluation of left ventricular diastolic function by echocardiography: an update from the american society of echocardiography and the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging. 2016 Dec;17(12):1321–1360.
  • Wong F, Villamil A, Merli M, et al. Prevalence of diastolic dysfunction in cirrhosis and its clinical significance. Hepatology. 2011;54:475A.
  • Karagiannakis DS, Vlachogiannakos J, Anastasiadis G, et al. Diastolic cardiac dysfunction is a predictor of dismal prognosis in patients with liver cirrhosis. Hepatol Int. 2014 Oct;8(4):588–594.
  • Karagiannakis DS, Vlachogiannakos J, Anastasiadis G, et al. Frequency and severity of cirrhotic cardiomyopathy and its possible relationship with bacterial endotoxemia. Dig Dis Sci. 2013 Oct;58(10):3029–3036.
  • Nazar A, Guevara M, Sitges M, et al. Left ventricular function assessed by echocardiography in cirrhosis: relationship to systemic hemodynamics and renal dysfunction. J Hepatol. 2013 Jan;58(1):51–57.
  • Lee SK, Song MJ, Kim SH, et al. Cardiac diastolic dysfunction predicts poor prognosis in patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis. Clin Mol Hepatol. 2018;24(4):409–416.
  • Busk TM, Bendtsen F, Poulsen JH, et al. Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt: impact on systemic hemodynamics and renal and cardiac function in patients with cirrhosis. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2018 Feb 1;314(2):G275–G286.
  • Cazzaniga M, Salerno F, Pagnozzi G, et al. Diastolic dysfunction is associated with poor survival in cirrhotic patients with transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt. Gut. 2007 Nov 29;56(6):869–875.
  • Rabie RN, Cazzaniga M, Salerno F, et al. The use of E/A ratio as a predictor of outcome in cirrhotic patients treated with transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt. Am J Gastroenterol. 2009 Jun;16(104):2458–2466.
  • Therapondos G, Flapan AD, Plevris JN, et al. Cardiac morbidity and mortality related to orthotopic liver transplantation. Liver Transpl. 2004 Dec;10(12):1441–1453.
  • Dowsley TF, Bayne DB, Langnas AN, et al. Diastolic dysfunction in patients with end-stage liver disease is associated with development of heart failure early after liver transplantation. Transplantation. 2012 Aug 22;94(6):646–651.
  • Bernardi M, Maggioli C, Dibra V, et al. QT interval prolongation in liver cirrhosis: innocent bystander or serious threat? Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2012 Feb;6(1):57–66.
  • Ytting H, Henriksen JH, Fuglsang S, et al. Prolonged Q-T(c) interval in mild portal hypertensive cirrhosis. J Hepatol. 2005 Oct;43(4):637–644.
  • Henriksen JH, Gulberg V, Fuglsang S, et al. Q-T interval (QT(C)) in patients with cirrhosis: relation to vasoactive peptides and heart rate. Scand J Clin Lab Invest. 2007;67:643–653.
  • Trevisani F, Di Micoli A, Zambruni A, et al. QT interval prolongation by acute gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with cirrhosis. Liver Int. 2012 Jul;10(10):3231.
  • Adigun AQ, Pinto AG, Flockhart DA, et al. Effect of cirrhosis and liver transplantation on the gender difference in QT interval. Am J Cardiol. 2005 Mar 1;95(5):691–694.
  • Shin WJ, Kim YK, Song JG, et al. Alterations in QT interval in patients undergoing living donor liver transplantation. Transplant Proc. 2011 Jan;43(1):170–173.
  • Henriksen JH, Bendtsen F, Hansen EF, et al. Acute non-selective beta-adrenergic blockade reduces prolonged frequency-adjusted Q-T interval (QTc) in patients with cirrhosis. J Hepatol. 2004 Feb;40(2):239–246.
  • Zambruni A, Trevisani F, Di Micoli A, et al. Effect of chronic beta-blockade on QT interval in patients with liver cirrhosis. J Hepatol. 2008 Mar;48(3):415–421.
  • Silvestre OM, Farias AQ, Ramos DS, et al. beta-Blocker therapy for cirrhotic cardiomyopathy: a randomized-controlled trial. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2018 Aug;30(8):930–937.
  • Henriksen JH, Fuglsang S, Bendtsen F, et al. Dyssynchronous electrical and mechanical systole in patients with cirrhosis. J Hepatol. 2002 Apr;36(4):513–520.
  • Møller S, Nørgaard A, Henriksen JH, et al. Effects of tilting on central hemodynamics and homeostatic mechanisms in cirrhosis. Hepatology. 2004 Oct;40(4):811–819.
  • Krag A, Møller S, Burroughs AK, et al. Betablockers induce cardiac chronotropic incompetence. J Hepatol. 2012 Jan;56(1):298–299.
  • Møller S, Mortensen C, Bendtsen F, et al. Cardiac sympathetic imaging with mIBG in cirrhosis and portal hypertension: relation to autonomic and cardiac function. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2012 Sep;27(303):G1228–G1235.
  • Mandell MS, Lindenfeld J, Tsou MY, et al. Cardiac evaluation of liver transplant candidates. World J Gastroenterol. 2008 Jun 14;14(22):3445–3451.
  • Khan RS, Newsome PN. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and liver transplantation. Metabolism. 2016 Aug;65(8):1208–1223.
  • Møller S, Bendtsen F. NAFLD: cardiovascular complications of NAFLD–they do matter. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2015 Aug;12(8):434–436.
  • Tiukinhoy-Laing SD, Rossi JS, Bayram M, et al. Cardiac hemodynamic and coronary angiographic characteristics of patients being evaluated for liver transplantation. Am J Cardiol. 2006 Jul 15;98(2):178–181.
  • VanWagner LB, Bhave M, Te HS, et al. Patients transplanted for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) are at increased risk for post-operative cardiovascular events. Hepatology. 2012 May 21;56(5):1741–1750.
  • Harinstein ME, Iyer S, Mathier MA, et al. Role of baseline echocardiography in the preoperative management of liver transplant candidates. Am J Cardiol. 2012 Dec 15;110(12):1852–1855.
  • Cesari M, Letizia C, Angeli P, et al. Cardiac remodeling in patients with primary and secondary aldosteronism: A tissue doppler study. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging. 2016 Jun;9(6):e004815.
  • Bradley CR, Cox EF, Scott RA, et al. Multi-organ assessment of compensated cirrhosis patients using quantitative magnetic resonance imaging. J Hepatol. 2018 Jun 8;69(1015):1024.
  • Wiese S, Hove JD, Møller S. Cardiac imaging in patients with chronic liver disease. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging. 2017 Nov 5;37(4):347–356.
  • Bortoluzzi A, Ceolotto G, Gola E, et al. Positive cardiac inotropic effect of albumin infusion in rodents with cirrhosis and ascites: molecular mechanisms. Hepatology. 2013 Jan;57(1):266–276.
  • Chang CC, Lee WS, Chuang CL, et al. Effect of ivabradine, a funny current inhibitor, on portal hypertensive rats. J Chin Med Assoc. 2018 Sep;6(18):10.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.