Terlipressin in the management of adults with hepatorenal syndrome-acute kidney injury (HRS-AKI)

References

• Nadim MK, Garcia-Tsao G, Hardin CC. Acute kidney injury in patients with cirrhosis. N Engl J Med. 2023;388(8):733–745. doi:10.1056/NEJMra2215289
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maiwall R, Pasupuleti SSR, Bihari C, et al. Incidence, risk factors, and outcomes of transition of acute kidney injury to chronic kidney disease in cirrhosis: a prospective cohort study. Hepatology. 2020;71(3):1009–1022. doi: 10.1002/hep.30859
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Angeli P, Bernardi M, Villanueva C. EASL clinical practice guidelines for the management of patients with decompensated cirrhosis. J Hepatol. 2018;69(2):406–460. doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2018.03.024
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scott RA, Austin AS, Kolhe NV, et al. Acute kidney injury is independently associated with death in patients with cirrhosis. Frontline Gastroenterol. 2013;4(3):191–197. doi:10.1136/flgastro-2012-100291
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Garcia-Tsao G, Parikh CR, Viola A. Acute kidney injury in cirrhosis. Hepatology. 2008;48(6):2064–2077. doi:10.1002/hep.22605
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salerno F, Cazzaniga M, Merli M, et al. Diagnosis, treatment and survival of patients with hepatorenal syndrome: a survey on daily medical practice. J Hepatol. 2011;55(6):1241–1248. doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2011.03.012
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Angeli P, Garcia-Tsao G, Nadim MK, et al. News in pathophysiology, definition and classification of hepatorenal syndrome: a step beyond the International Club of Ascites (ICA) consensus document. J Hepatol. 2019;71(4):811–822. doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2019.07.002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Angeli P, Gines P, Wong F, et al. Diagnosis and management of acute kidney injury in patients with cirrhosis: revised consensus recommendations of the International Club of ascites. Gut. 2015;64(4):531–537. doi: 10.1136/gutjnl-2014-308874
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nadim MK, Kellum JA, Davenport A, et al. Hepatorenal syndrome: the 8th International consensus conference of the Acute Dialysis Quality Initiative (ADQI) group. Crit Care. 2012;16(1):R23. doi: 10.1186/cc11188
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Northup PG, Argo CK, Bakhru MR, et al. Pretransplant predictors of recovery of renal function after liver transplantation. Liver Transpl. 2010;16(4):440–446. doi:10.1002/lt.22008
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cullaro G, Sharma P, Jo J, et al. Temporal trends and evolving outcomes after simultaneous liver-kidney transplantation: results from the US SLKT consortium. Liver Transpl. 2021;27(11):1613–1622. doi: 10.1002/lt.26232
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garcia-Martinez R, Caraceni P, Bernardi M, et al. Albumin: pathophysiologic basis of its role in the treatment of cirrhosis and its complications. Hepatology. 2013;58(5):1836–1846. doi:10.1002/hep.26338
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kulkarni AV, Rabiee A, Mohanty A. Management of portal hypertension. J Clin Exp Hepatol. 2022;12(4):1184–1199. doi:10.1016/j.jceh.2022.03.002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kulkarni AV, Arab JP, Premkumar M, et al. Terlipressin has stood the test of time: clinical overview in 2020 and future perspectives. Liver Int. 2020;40(12):2888–2905. doi: 10.1111/liv.14703
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kulkarni AV, Kumar P, Sharma M, et al. Pathophysiology and prevention of paracentesis-induced circulatory dysfunction: a concise review. J Clin Transl Hepatol. 2020;8(1):42–48. doi:10.14218/JCTH.2019.00048
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cavallin M, Kamath PS, Merli M, et al. Terlipressin plus albumin versus midodrine and octreotide plus albumin in the treatment of hepatorenal syndrome: a randomized trial. Hepatology. 2015;62(2):567–574. doi: 10.1002/hep.27709
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saif RU, Dar HA, Sofi SM, et al. Noradrenaline versus terlipressin in the management of type 1 hepatorenal syndrome: a randomized controlled study. Indian J Gastroenterol. 2018;37(5):424–429. doi:10.1007/s12664-018-0876-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arora V, Maiwall R, Rajan V, et al. Terlipressin is superior to noradrenaline in the management of acute kidney injury in acute on chronic liver failure. Hepatology. 2020;71(2):600–610. doi: 10.1002/hep.30208
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nilsson G, Lindblom P, Ohlin M, et al. Pharmacokinetics of terlipressin after single i.V. doses to healthy volunteers. Drugs Exp Clin Res. 1990;16(6):307–314.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Vosmík J, Jedlicka K, Mulder JL, et al. Action of the triglycyl hormonogen of vasopressin (glypressin) in patients with liver cirrhosis and bleeding esophageal varices. Gastroenterology. 1977;72(4 Pt 1):605–609. doi:10.1016/S0016-5085(77)80140-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Freeman JG, Cobden I, Lishman AH, et al. Controlled trial of terlipressin (‘Glypressin’) versus vasopressin in the early treatment of oesophageal varices. Lancet. 1982;2(8289):66–68. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(82)91689-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Choudhury A, Kedarisetty CK, Vashishtha C, et al. A randomized trial comparing terlipressin and noradrenaline in patients with cirrhosis and septic shock. Liver Int. 2017;37(4):552–561. doi: 10.1111/liv.13252
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gow PJ, Ardalan ZS, Vasudevan A, et al. Outpatient terlipressin infusion for the treatment of refractory ascites. Am J Gastroenterol. 2016;111(7):1041–1042. doi:10.1038/ajg.2016.168
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fimiani B, Guardia DD, Puoti C, et al. The use of terlipressin in cirrhotic patients with refractory ascites and normal renal function: a multicentric study. Eur J Intern Med. 2011;22(6):587–590. doi: 10.1016/j.ejim.2011.06.013
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singh V, Kumar R, Nain CK, et al. Terlipressin versus albumin in paracentesis-induced circulatory dysfunction in cirrhosis: a randomized study. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2006;21(1 Pt 2):303–307. doi:10.1111/j.1440-1746.2006.04182.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kulkarni AV, Kumar P, Singh S, et al. Prevention of paracentesis‐induced circulatory dysfunction—a systematic review and network meta‐analysis. GastroHep. 2020;2(3):92–101. doi: 10.1002/ygh2.395
   Google Scholar
• Ibrisim D, Cakaloglu Y, Akyuz F, et al. Treatment of hepatic hydrothorax with terlipressin in a cirrhotic patient. Scand J Gastroenterol. 2006;41(7):862–865. doi: 10.1080/00365520500527441
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kulkarni AV, Kumar K, Candia R, et al. Prophylactic perioperative terlipressin therapy for preventing acute kidney injury in living donor liver transplant recipients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Exp Hepatol. 2022;12(2):417–427. doi: 10.1016/j.jceh.2021.06.019
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Uriz J, Ginès P, Cárdenas A, et al. Terlipressin plus albumin infusion: an effective and safe therapy of hepatorenal syndrome. J Hepatol. 2000;33(1):43–48. doi: 10.1016/S0168-8278(00)80158-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maiwall R, Rastogi A, Pasupuleti SSR, et al. Natural history, spectrum and outcome of stage 3 AKI in patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure. Liver Int. 2022;42(12):2800–2814. doi: 10.1111/liv.15413
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kulkarni AV, Ravikumar ST, Tevethia H, et al. Safety and efficacy of terlipressin in acute-on-chronic liver failure with hepatorenal syndrome-acute kidney injury (HRS-AKI): a prospective cohort study. Sci Rep. 2022;12(1):5503. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-09505-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wong F, Pappas SC, Curry MP, et al. Terlipressin plus albumin for the treatment of type 1 hepatorenal syndrome. N Engl J Med. 2021;384(9):818–828. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2008290
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Piano S, Gambino C, Vettore E, et al. Response to terlipressin and albumin is associated with improved liver transplant outcomes in patients with hepatorenal syndrome. Hepatology. 2021;73(5):1909–1919. doi: 10.1002/hep.31529
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moore K, Jamil K, Verleger K, et al. Real-world treatment patterns and outcomes using terlipressin in 203 patients with the hepatorenal syndrome. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2020;52(2):351–358. doi: 10.1111/apt.15836
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kalambokis GN, Christaki M, Tsiakas I, et al. Efficacy of treatment with terlipressin plus albumin in hepatorenal syndrome diagnosed with the new acute kidney injury versus the conventional criteria. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2019;31(10):1292–1294. doi:10.1097/MEG.0000000000001460
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nguyen-Tat M, Gotz E, Scholz-Kreisel P, et al. Response to terlipressin and albumin is associated with improved outcome in patients with cirrhosis and hepatorenal syndrome. Dtsch Med Wochenschr. 2015;140(2):e21–26. doi: 10.1055/s-0040-100444
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Piano S, Schmidt HH, Ariza X, et al. Association between grade of acute on chronic liver failure and response to terlipressin and albumin in patients with hepatorenal syndrome. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2018;16(11):1792–1800.e1793. doi: 10.1016/j.cgh.2018.01.035
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wong F, Pappas SC, Boyer TD, et al. Terlipressin improves renal function and reverses hepatorenal syndrome in patients with systemic inflammatory response syndrome. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2017;15(2):266–272.e261. doi:10.1016/j.cgh.2016.07.016
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sanyal AJ, Boyer TD, Frederick RT, et al. Reversal of hepatorenal syndrome type 1 with terlipressin plus albumin vs. placebo plus albumin in a pooled analysis of the OT-0401 and REVERSE randomised clinical studies. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2017;45(11):1390–1402. doi: 10.1111/apt.14052
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cavallin M, Piano S, Romano A, et al. Terlipressin given by continuous intravenous infusion versus intravenous boluses in the treatment of hepatorenal syndrome: a randomized controlled study. Hepatology. 2016;63(3):983–992. doi: 10.1002/hep.28396
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boyer TD, Sanyal AJ, Wong F, et al. Terlipressin plus albumin is more effective than albumin alone in improving renal function in patients with cirrhosis and hepatorenal syndrome type 1. Gastroenterology. 2016;150(7):1579–1589.e1572. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2016.02.026
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nguyen-Tat M, Jäger J, Rey JW, et al. Terlipressin and albumin combination treatment in patients with hepatorenal syndrome type 2. United Eur Gastroenterol J. 2019;7(4):529–537. doi: 10.1177/2050640619825719
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wan S, Wan X, Zhu Q, et al. A comparative study of high-or low-dose terlipressin therapy in patients with cirrhosis and type 1 hepatorenal syndrome. Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi. 2014;22(5):349–353. doi:10.3760/cma.j.issn.1007-3418.2014.05.006
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rodríguez E, Elia C, Solà E, et al. Terlipressin and albumin for type-1 hepatorenal syndrome associated with sepsis. J Hepatol. 2014;60(5):955–961. doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2013.12.032
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goyal O, Sidhu SS, Sehgal N, et al. Noradrenaline is as effective as terlipressin in hepatorenal syndrome type 1: a prospective, randomized trial. J Assoc Physicians India. 2016;64(9):30–35.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ghosh S, Choudhary NS, Sharma AK, et al. Noradrenaline vs terlipressin in the treatment of type 2 hepatorenal syndrome: a randomized pilot study. Liver Int. 2013;33(8):1187–1193. doi: 10.1111/liv.12179
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singh V, Ghosh S, Singh B, et al. Noradrenaline vs. terlipressin in the treatment of hepatorenal syndrome: a randomized study. J Hepatol. 2012;56(6):1293–1298. doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2012.01.012
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cazzaniga M, Dionigi E, Gobbo G, et al. The systemic inflammatory response syndrome in cirrhotic patients: relationship with their in-hospital outcome. J Hepatol. 2009;51(3):475–482. doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2009.04.017
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kulkarni AV, Premkumar M, Arab JP, et al. Early Diagnosis and prevention of Infections in cirrhosis. Semin Liver Dis. 2022;42(3):293–312. doi: 10.1055/a-1869-7607
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kulkarni AV, Kumar P, Rao NP, et al. Terlipressin-induced ischaemic skin necrosis. BMJ Case Rep. 2020;13(1):e233089. doi: 10.1136/bcr-2019-233089
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Altun R, Korkmaz M, Yıldırım E, et al. Terlipressin and albumin for type 1 hepatorenal syndrome: does bacterial infection affect the response? Springerplus. 2015;4(1):806. doi: 10.1186/s40064-015-1625-z
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jiang QQ, Han MF, Ma K, et al. Acute kidney injury in acute-on-chronic liver failure is different from in decompensated cirrhosis. World J Gastroenterol. 2018;24(21):2300–2310. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v24.i21.2300
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jindal A, Bhadoria AS, Maiwall R, et al. Evaluation of acute kidney injury and its response to terlipressin in patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure. Liver Int. 2016;36(1):59–67. doi:10.1111/liv.12895
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neri S, Pulvirenti D, Malaguarnera M, et al. Terlipressin and albumin in patients with cirrhosis and type I hepatorenal syndrome. Dig Dis Sci. 2008;53(3):830–835. doi: 10.1007/s10620-007-9919-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karvellas CJ, Subramanian R, Olson JC, et al. Role of terlipressin in patients with hepatorenal syndrome-acute kidney injury admitted to the ICU: a substudy of the CONFIRM trial. Crit Care Explor. 2023;5(4):e0890. doi:10.1097/CCE.0000000000000890
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Velez JCQ, Wong F, Reddy KR, et al. The effect of terlipressin on renal replacement therapy in patients with hepatorenal syndrome. Kidney. 2023;360(8):1030–1038. doi: 10.34067/KID.0000000000000132
   Google Scholar
• Ortega R, Ginès P, Uriz J, et al. Terlipressin therapy with and without albumin for patients with hepatorenal syndrome: results of a prospective, nonrandomized study. Hepatology. 2002;36(4 Pt 1):941–948. doi: 10.1053/jhep.2002.35819
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nazar A, Pereira GH, Guevara M, et al. Predictors of response to therapy with terlipressin and albumin in patients with cirrhosis and type 1 hepatorenal syndrome. Hepatology. 2010;51(1):219–226. doi: 10.1002/hep.23283
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Curry MP, Vargas HE, Befeler AS, et al. Early treatment with terlipressin in patients with hepatorenal syndrome yields improved clinical outcomes in North American studies. Hepatol Commun. 2023;7(1):e1307. doi: 10.1097/01.HC9.0000897228.91307.0c
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gambino C, Piano S, Stenico M, et al. Diagnostic and prognostic performance of urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin in patients with cirrhosis and acute kidney injury. Hepatology. 2023;77(5):1630–1638. doi: 10.1002/hep.32799
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martín-Llahí M, Pépin MN, Guevara M, et al. Terlipressin and albumin vs albumin in patients with cirrhosis and hepatorenal syndrome: a randomized study. Gastroenterology. 2008;134(5):1352–1359. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2008.02.024
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Urge J, Sincl F, Procházka V, et al. Terlipressin-induced ventricular arrhythmia. Scand J Gastroenterol. 2008;43(9):1145–1148. doi:10.1080/00365520801905304
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morissette P, Hreiche R, Turgeon J. Drug-induced long QT syndrome and torsade de pointes. Can J Cardiol. 2005;21(10):857–864.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elzouki AN, El-Menyar A, Ahmed E, et al. Terlipressin-induced severe left and right ventricular dysfunction in patient presented with upper gastrointestinal bleeding: case report and literature review. Am J Emerg Med. 2010;28(4):540.e541–546. doi:10.1016/j.ajem.2009.08.012
   Google Scholar
• Donnellan F, Cullen G, Hegarty JE, et al. Ischaemic complications of Glypressin in liver disease: a case series. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2007;64(4):550–552. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.2007.02921.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mégarbané H, Barete S, Khosrotehrani K, et al. Two observations raising questions about risk factors of cutaneous necrosis induced by terlipressin (Glypressin). Dermatology. 2009;218(4):334–337. doi: 10.1159/000195676
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sahu S, Panda K, Patnaik S, et al. Telipressin induced peripheral ischaemic gangrene and skin necrosis. Trop Gastroenterol. 2010;31(3):229–230.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Krag A, Bendtsen F, Mortensen C, et al. Effects of a single terlipressin administration on cardiac function and perfusion in cirrhosis. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2010;22(9):1085–1092. doi:10.1097/MEG.0b013e32833a4822
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaur H, Premkumar M. Diagnosis and management of cirrhotic cardiomyopathy. J Clin Exp Hepatol. 2022;12(1):186–199. doi:10.1016/j.jceh.2021.08.016
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krag A, Bendtsen F, Henriksen JH, et al. Low cardiac output predicts development of hepatorenal syndrome and survival in patients with cirrhosis and ascites. Gut. 2010;59(1):105–110. doi:10.1136/gut.2009.180570
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sen S, Mookerjee RP, Jalan R. Terlipressin-induced vasoconstriction reversed with N-acetylcysteine: a case for combined use in hepatorenal syndrome? Gastroenterology. 2002;123(6):2160–2161. doi:10.1053/gast.2002.37303
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Israelsen M, Dahl EK, Madsen BS, et al. Dobutamine reverses the cardio-suppressive effects of terlipressin without improving renal function in cirrhosis and ascites: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2020;318(2):G313–g321. doi: 10.1152/ajpgi.00328.2019
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fernández J, Clària J, Amorós A, et al. Effects of albumin treatment on systemic and portal hemodynamics and systemic inflammation in patients with decompensated cirrhosis. Gastroenterology. 2019;157(1):149–162. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2019.03.021
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shasthry SM, Kumar M, Khumuckham JS, et al. Changes in cardiac output and incidence of volume overload in cirrhotics receiving 20% albumin infusion. Liver Int. 2017;37(8):1167–1176. doi:10.1111/liv.13375
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kumar R, Kumar S, Lata S. Albumin infusion may deleteriously promote extracellular fluid overload without improving circulating hypovolemia in patients of advanced cirrhosis with diabetes mellitus and sepsis. Med Hypotheses. 2013;80(4):452–455. doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2012.12.039
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Merli M, Calicchia A, Ruffa A, et al. Cardiac dysfunction in cirrhosis is not associated with the severity of liver disease. Eur J Intern Med. 2013;24(2):172–176. doi: 10.1016/j.ejim.2012.08.007
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Qi X, Bai Z, Zhu Q, et al. Practice guidance for the use of terlipressin for liver cirrhosis-related complications. Therap Adv Gastroenterol. 2022;15:17562848221098253. doi: 10.1177/17562848221098253
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gerbes AL, Huber E, Gülberg V. Terlipressin for hepatorenal syndrome: continuous infusion as an alternative to i.V. bolus administration. Gastroenterology. 2009;137(3):1179. author reply 1179-1181. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2009.03.064
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bui TNN, Sandar S, Luna G, et al. An investigation of reconstituted terlipressin infusion stability for use in hepatorenal syndrome. Sci Rep. 2020;10(1):21037. doi:10.1038/s41598-020-78044-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singh V, Jayachandran A, De A, et al. Combination of terlipressin and noradrenaline versus terlipressin in hepatorenal syndrome with early non-response to terlipressin infusion: a randomized trial. Indian J Gastroenterol. 2023;42(3):388–395. doi: 10.1007/s12664-023-01356-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Avadhanam M, Kulkarni AV. Intensive care unit care of a patient with cirrhosis. Med Clin North Am. 2023;107(3):567–587. doi:10.1016/j.mcna.2022.12.006
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kajal K, Premkumar M, Chaluvashetty SB, et al. Point-of-care thoracic ultrasonography in patients with cirrhosis and liver failure. Cureus. 2021;13(6):e15559. doi:10.7759/cureus.15559
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cullaro G, Verna EC, Lee BP, et al. Chronic kidney disease in liver transplant candidates: a rising burden impacting post-liver transplant outcomes. Liver Transpl. 2020;26(4):498–506. doi:10.1002/lt.25694
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen CY, Lin CJ, Lin CS, et al. The prevalence and association of chronic kidney disease and diabetes in liver cirrhosis using different estimated glomerular filtration rate equation. Oncotarget. 2018;9(2):2236–2248. doi:10.18632/oncotarget.23368
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Idalsoaga F, Kulkarni AV, Mousa OY, et al. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and alcohol-related liver disease: two intertwined entities. Front Med. 2020;7:448. doi:10.3389/fmed.2020.00448
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tan HK, Marquez M, Wong F, et al. Pretransplant type 2 hepatorenal syndrome is associated with persistently impaired renal function after liver transplantation. Transplantation. 2015;99(7):1441–1446. doi:10.1097/TP.0000000000000557
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tripathi D, Stanley AJ, Hayes PC, et al. Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic stent-shunt in the management of portal hypertension. Gut. 2020;69(7):1173–1192. doi: 10.1136/gutjnl-2019-320221
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Charilaou P, Devani K, Petrosyan R, et al. Inpatient mortality benefit with transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt for hospitalized hepatorenal syndrome patients. Dig Dis Sci. 2020;65(11):3378–3388. doi:10.1007/s10620-020-06136-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Biggins SW, Angeli P, Garcia-Tsao G, et al. Diagnosis, evaluation, and management of ascites, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis and hepatorenal syndrome: 2021 practice guidance by the American Association for the study of liver diseases. Hepatology. 2021;74(2):1014–1048. doi: 10.1002/hep.31884
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang X, Wang SZ, Zheng JF, et al. Clinical efficacy of tolvaptan for treatment of refractory ascites in liver cirrhosis patients. World J Gastroenterol. 2014;20(32):11400–11405. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i32.11400
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wong F, Leung W, Al Beshir M, et al. Outcomes of patients with cirrhosis and hepatorenal syndrome type 1 treated with liver transplantation. Liver Transpl. 2015;21(3):300–307. doi:10.1002/lt.24049
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sharma P, Goodrich NP, Zhang M, et al. Short-term pretransplant renal replacement therapy and renal nonrecovery after liver transplantation alone. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2013;8(7):1135–1142. doi:10.2215/CJN.09600912
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cullaro G, Verna EC, Lai JC. Association between renal function pattern and mortality in patients with cirrhosis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2019;17(11):2364–2370. doi:10.1016/j.cgh.2019.01.043
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Howard CS, Teitelbaum I. Renal replacement therapy in patients with chronic liver disease. Semin Dial. 2005;18(3):212–216. doi:10.1111/j.1525-139X.2005.18315.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sharma P, Moore K, Ganger D, et al. Role of terlipressin and albumin for hepatorenal syndrome in liver transplantation. Liver Transpl. 2020;26(10):1328–1336. doi:10.1002/lt.25834
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weinberg EM, Wong F, Vargas HE, et al. Decreased need for RRT in liver transplant recipients after pretransplant treatment of hepatorenal syndrome-type 1 with terlipressin. Liver Transpl. 9900. doi: 10.1097/LVT.0000000000000277
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar