666
Views
9
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

Characterizing land-use change over space and time: applying principal components analysis in the Brazilian Legal Amazon

, &
Pages 19-37 | Received 21 Dec 2012, Accepted 29 Jul 2013, Published online: 10 Sep 2013

References

  • Abdi, H., & Williams, L. J. (2010). Normalizing data. In N. J. Salkind, D. M. Dougherty, & B. Frey (Eds.), Encyclopedia of research design (pp. 935–938). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Aguiar, A. P. D., Câmara, G., & Escada, M. I. S. (2007). Spatial statistical analysis of land-use determinants in the Brazilian Amazonia: Exploring intra-regional heterogeneity. Ecological Modelling, 209(2–4), 169–188. doi:10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2007.06.019
  • Aide, T. M., Clark, M. L., Grau, H. R., López-Carr, D., Levy, M. A., Redo, D., … Muñiz, M. (2013). Deforestation and reforestation of Latin America and the Caribbean (2001–2010). Biotropica, 45(2), 262–271.
  • Aldrich, S., Walker, R. T., Simmons, C. S., Caldas, M. M., & Perz, S. (2012). Contentious land change in the Amazon’s arc of deforestation. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 102(1), 103–128.
  • Alfaia, S. S., Ribeiro, G. A., Nobre, A. D., Luizão, R. C., & Luizão, F. J. (2004). Evaluation of soil fertility in smallholder agroforestry systems and pastures in western Amazonia. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 102(3), 409–414. doi:10.1016/j.agee.2003.08.011
  • Arima, E. Y., Simmons, C. S., Walker, R. T., & Cochrane, M. A. (2007). Fire in the Brazilian Amazon: A spatially explicit model for policy impact analysis. Journal of Regional Science, 47(3), 541–567.
  • Arvor, D., Meirelles, M., Dubreuil, V., Bégué, A., & Shimabukuro, Y. E. (2012). Analyzing the agricultural transition in Mato Grosso, Brazil, using satellite-derived indices. Applied Geography, 32(2), 702–713. doi:10.1016/j.apgeog.2011.08.007
  • Asner, G. P., Broadbent, E. N., Oliveira, P. J. C., Keller, M., Knapp, D. E., & Silva, J. N. M. (2006). Condition and fate of logged forests in the Brazilian Amazon. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 103(34), 12947–12950. doi:10.1073/pnas.0604093103
  • Barona, E., Ramankutty, N., Hyman, G., & Coomes, O. T. (2010). The role of pasture and soybean in deforestation of the Brazilian Amazon. Environmental Research Letters, 5(2), 024002. doi:10.1088/1748-9326/5/2/024002
  • Batistella, M., & Moran, E. F. (2005). Human dimensions of land use and land cover in the Amazon: A contribution from LBA. Acta Amazonica, 35(2), 239–247.
  • Batistella, M., Robeson, S., & Moran, E. F. (2003). Settlement design, forest fragmentation, and landscape change in Rondônia, Amazônia. Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing, 69(7), 805–812.
  • Bernaert, N., De Paepe, D., Bouten, C., De Clercq, H., Stewart, D., Van Bockstaele, E., … Van Droogenbroeck, B. (2012). Antioxidant capacity, total phenolic and ascorbate content as a function of the genetic diversity of leek (Allium ampeloprasum var. porrum). Food Chemistry, 134, 669–677.
  • Bezdek, J. C., Ehrlich, R., & Full, W. (1984). FCM: The Fuzzy c-means clustering algorithm. Computers & Geosciences, 10(2), 191–203.
  • Bowman, M. S., Soares-Filho, B. S., Merry, F. D., Nepstad, D. C., Rodrigues, H., & Almeida, O. T. (2012). Persistence of cattle ranching in the Brazilian Amazon: A spatial analysis of the rationale for beef production. Land Use Policy, 29(3), 558–568. doi:10.1016/j.landusepol.2011.09.009
  • Brasil LEI No. 12.651, DE 25 DE MAIO DE 2012 (2012). Brasilia.
  • Brondizio, E. S., & Moran, E. F. (2012). Level-dependent deforestation trajectories in the Brazilian Amazon from 1970 to 2001. Population and Environment, 34(1), 69–85. doi:10.1007/s11111-011-0159-8
  • Browder, J. O., & Pedlowski, M. A. (2000). Agroforestry performance on small farms in Amazonia: Findings from the Rondonia Agroforestry Pilot Project. Agroforestry Systems, 49, 63–83.
  • Browder, J. O., Pedlowski, M. A., Walker, R., Wynne, R. H., Summers, P. M., Abad, A., … Joao, M.-H. (2008). Revisiting theories of frontier expansion in the Brazilian Amazon: A survey of the colonist farming population in Rondônia’s Post-Frontier, 1992–2002. World Development, 36(8), 1469–1492. doi:10.1016/j.worlddev.2007.08.008
  • Brown, J. C., Koeppe, M., Coles, B., & Price, K. P. (2005). Soybean production and conversion of tropical forest in the Brazilian Amazon: The case of Vilhena, Rondônia. Ambio, 34(6), 462–469.
  • Cardille, J. (2003). Agricultural land-use change in Brazilian Amazônia between 1980 and 1995: Evidence from integrated satellite and census data.Remote Sensing of Environment, 87(4), 551–562. doi:10.1016/j.rse.2002.09.001
  • Carreiras, J. M. B., Pereira, J. M. C., Campagnolo, M. L., & Shimabukuro, Y. E. (2006). Assessing the extent of agriculture/pasture and secondary succession forest in the Brazilian Legal Amazon using SPOT VEGETATION data. Remote Sensing of Environment, 101(3), 283–298. doi:10.1016/j.rse.2005.12.017
  • Caviglia-Harris, J. L. (2005). Cattle accumulation and land use intensification by households in the Brazilian Amazon. Agricultural and Resource Economics Review, 43(2), 145–162.
  • Caviglia-Harris, J. L., Sills, E. O., Jones, L., Saha, S., Harris, D., McArdle, S., … Powell, R. (2009). Modeling land use and land cover change in an Amazonian frontier settlement: Strategies for addressing population change and panel attrition. Journal of Land Use Science, 4, 275–307. doi:10.1080/17474230903222507
  • Chomitz, K. M., & Gray, D. A. (1996). Roads, land use, and deforestation: A spatial model applied to Belize. The World Bank Economic Review, 10(3), 487–512.
  • Chomitz, K. M., & Thomas, T. S. (2003). Determinants of land use in Amazônia: A fine-scale spatial analysis. American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 85(4), 1016–1028.
  • Cochard-Picon, C., Pilon, R., Tarroux, E., Pages, L., Robertson, J., & Dawson, L. (2012). Effect of species, root branching order and season on the root traits of 13 grass species. Plant and Soil, 353, 47–57.
  • Cochrane, M., Alencar, A., Schulze, M., Souza, C., Nepstad, D., Lefebvre, P., & Davidson, E. (1999). Positive feedbacks in the fire dynamic of closed canopy tropical forests. Science (New York, NY), 284(5421), 1832–1835.
  • De Barros Ferraz, S. F., Vettorazzi, C. A., Theobald, D. M., & Ballester, M. V. R. (2005). Landscape dynamics of Amazonian deforestation between 1984 and 2002 in central Rondônia, Brazil: Assessment and future scenarios. Forest Ecology and Management, 204(1), 69–85. doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2004.07.073
  • De Espindola, G. M., De Aguiar, A. P. D., Pebesma, E., Câmara, G., & Fonseca, L. (2012). Agricultural land use dynamics in the Brazilian Amazon based on remote sensing and census data. Applied Geography, 32(2), 240–252. doi:10.1016/j.apgeog.2011.04.003
  • Ding, C., & He, X. (2004). K-means clustering via principal component analysis. In Proceedings of the Twenty-first international conference on Machine learning - ICML ’04 (p. 9). Banff: ACM Press. doi:10.1145/1015330.1015408
  • Essa, J. A., & Nieuwoudt, W. L. (2003). Socio-economic dimensions of small-scale agriculture: A principal component analysis. Development Southern Africa, 20(1), 67–73. doi:10.1080/0376835032000065462
  • Faminow, M. D. (1997). Spatial economics of local demand for cattle products in Amazon development. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 62(1), 1–11. doi:10.1016/S0167-8809(96)01116-4
  • Foley, J. A., Asner, G. P., Costa, M. H., Coe, M. T., DeFries, R., Gibbs, H. K., … Snyder, P. (2007). Amazonia revealed: Forest degradation and loss of ecosystem goods and services in the Amazon Basin in a nutshell. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, 5(1), 25–32.
  • Fraser, K., Harrison, S. J., Lane, G. A., Otter, D. E., Hemar, Y., Quek, S.-Y., & Rasmussen, S. (2012). Non-targeted analysis of tea by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography and high resolution mass spectrometry. Food Chemistry, 134, 1616–1623.
  • Fujii, T. (2008). How well can we target aid with rapidly collected data? Empirical results for poverty mapping from Cambodia. World Development, 36(10), 1830–1842. doi:10.1016/j.worlddev.2007.10.013
  • Fundação Amazonas Sustentavel. (2012). Bolsa Floresta Program. Retrieved March 1, 2013, from http://fas-amazonas.org/programa-bolsa-floresta/?lang=en
  • Gibbs, H., Brown, S., Niles, J., & Foley, J. (2007). Monitoring and estimating tropical forest carbon stocks: Making REDD a reality. Environmental Research Letters, 2(4), 045023. doi:10.1088/1748-9326/2/4/045023
  • Hall, A. (2008). Better RED than dead: Paying the people for environmental services in Amazonia. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences, 363(1498), 1925–1932. doi:10.1098/rstb.2007.0034
  • Hotelling, H. (1933). Analysis of a complex of statistical variables into principal components. Journal of Educational Psychology, 24, 417–441.
  • Huynh, K. P., & Jacho-Chavez, D. T. (2011). Firm size distributions through the lens of functional principal components analysis. Journal of Applied Econometrics, 25, 1211–1214.
  • Huynh, K. P., Jacho-Chavez, D. T., Petrunia, R. J., & Voia, M. (2011). Functional principal component analysis of density families with categorical and continuous data on Canadian entrant manufacturing firms. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 106, 858–878.
  • Jackson, D. A. (1993). Stopping rules in principal components analysis: A comparison of heuristical and statistical approaches. Ecology, 74(8), 2204–2214.
  • Jayawardana, D. T., Ishiga, H., & Pitawala, H. M. T. G. A. (2012). Geochemistry of surface sediments in tsunami-affected Sri Lankan lagoons regarding environmental implications. International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 9, 41–55.
  • Jobson, J. D. (2002). Applied multivariate data analysis. New York, NY: Springer Verlag.
  • Johnstone, I. M., & Lu, A. Y. (2009). On consistency and sparsity for principal components analysis in high dimensions. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 104(486), 682–693. doi:10.1198/jasa.2009.0121
  • Jolliffe, I. T. (2002). Principal component analysis (2nd ed.). Springer series in statistics. New York, NY: Springer.
  • Jongman, R. H. G., Ter Braak, C. J., & Van Tongren, O. F. (1995). Data analysis in community and landscape ecology (p. 299). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Kaimowitz, D., & Angelsen, A. (1998). Economic models of tropical deforestation: A review (p. 153). Bogor: CIFOR.
  • Lambin, E. F., Turner, B. L., Geist, H. J., Agbola, S. B., Angelsen, A., Bruce, J. W., … Folke, C. (2001). The causes of land-use and land-cover change: Moving beyond the myths. Global Environmental Change, 11(4), 261–269. doi:10.1016/S0959-3780(01)00007-3
  • Laurance, W. F., Albernaz, A. K. M., Fearnside, P. M., Vasconcelos, H. L., & Ferreira, L. V. (2004). Deforestation in Amazonia. Science, 304(May), 1109–1111.
  • Laurance, W. F., Albernaz, A. K. M., Schroth, G., Fearnside, P. M., Bergen, S., Venticinque, E. M., & Da Costa, C. (2002). Predictors of deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon. Journal of Biogeography, 29(5–6), 737–748. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2699.2002.00721.x
  • Legendre, P., & Legendre, L. (1998). Numerical ecology (p. 853). Amsterdam: Elsevier.
  • Lloyd, S. (1982). Least squares quantization in PCM. IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, 28(2), 129–137. doi:10.1109/TIT.1982.1056489
  • Lordan, G., Soto, E. J., Brown, R. P. C., & Correa-Valez, I. (2012). Socioeconomic status and health outcomes in a developing country. Health Economics, 21, 178–186.
  • Macedo, M. N., Defries, R. S., Morton, D. C., Stickler, C. M., Galford, G. L., & Shimabukuro, Y. E. (2012). Decoupling of deforestation and soy production in the southern Amazon during the late 2000s. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 109(4), 1341–1346. doi:10.1073/pnas.1111374109
  • Merry, F. D., Sheikh, P. A., & Mcgrath, D. G. (2004). The role of informal contracts in the growth of small cattle herds on the floodplains of the Lower Amazon. Agriculture and Human Values, 21(4), 377–386. doi:10.1007/s10460-003-1246-y
  • Michalski, F., Peres, C. A., & Lake, I. R. (2008). Deforestation dynamics in a fragmented region of southern Amazonia: Evaluation and future scenarios. Environmental Conservation, 35(2), 93–103. doi:10.1017/S0376892908004864
  • Nelson, G. C., & Hellerstein, D. (1997). Do roads cause deforestation? Using satellite images in econometric analysis of land use. Agricultural Economics, 79(February), 80–88.
  • Nyaga, E. K., & Doppler, W. (2009). Combining principal component analysis and logistic regression models to assess household level food security among smallholder cash crop producers in Kenya. Quarterly Journal of International Agriculture, 48, 5–23.
  • Pacheco, P., & Poccard-Chapuis, R. (2012). The complex evolution of cattle ranching development amid market integration and policy shifts in the Brazilian Amazon. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 102(6), 1366–1390. doi:10.1080/00045608.2012.678040
  • Pearson, K. (1901). On lines and planes of closest fit to systems of points in space. Philosophical Magazine, 2, 559–572.
  • Pfaff, A. S. P. (1999). What drives deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon? Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 37, 26–43.
  • Richards, C. L., Rosas, U., Banta, J., Bhambhra, N., & Purugganan, M. D. (2012). Genome-wide patterns of arabidopsis gene expression in nature. PLoS Genetics, 8, 482–495.
  • Rindfuss, R. R., Walsh, S. J., Mishra, V., Fox, J., & Dolcemascolo, G. P. (2003). Linking household and remotely sensed data: Methodological and practical problems. In J. Fox, R. R. Rindfuss, S. J. Walsha, & V. Mishra (Eds.), People and the environment: Approaches for linking household and community surveys to remote sensing and GIS (p. 338). Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishing Group.
  • Rodrigues, A. S. L., Ewers, R. M., Parry, L., Souza, C., Veríssimo, A., & Balmford, A. (2009). Boom-and-bust development patterns across the Amazon deforestation frontier. Science (New York, NY), 324(5933), 1435–1437. doi:10.1126/science.1174002
  • Sapra, S. K. (2010). Robust vs. classical principal component analysis in the presence of outliers. Applied Economics Letters, 17, 519–523. doi:10.1080/13504850802046989
  • Scheffler, R., Neill, C., Krusche, A. V., & Elsenbeer, H. (2011). Soil hydraulic response to land-use change associated with the recent soybean expansion at the Amazon agricultural frontier. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 144(1), 281–289. doi:10.1016/j.agee.2011.08.016
  • Seligson, M. (2008). The renaissance of political culture or the renaissance of the ecological fallacy? Comparative Politics, 34(3), 273–292.
  • Sheikh, P. A., Merry, F. D., & McGrath, D. G. (2006). Water buffalo and cattle ranching in the Lower Amazon Basin: Comparisons and conflicts. Agricultural Systems, 87(3), 313–330. doi:10.1016/j.agsy.2005.02.003
  • Siegmund-Schultze, M., Rischkowsky, B., Da Veiga, J. B., & King, J. M. (2007). Cattle are cash generating assets for mixed smallholder farms in the Eastern Amazon. Agricultural Systems, 94(3), 738–749. doi:10.1016/j.agsy.2007.03.005
  • Simon, M. F., & Garagorry, F. L. (2006). The expansion of agriculture in the Brazilian Amazon. Environmental Conservation, 32(3), 203. doi:10.1017/S0376892905002201
  • Subramanian, S. V., Jones, K., Kaddour, A., & Krieger, N. (2009). Revisiting Robinson: The perils of individualistic and ecologic fallacy. International Journal of Epidemiology, 38(2), 342–360, author reply 370–373. doi:10.1093/ije/dyn359
  • Summers, P. M., Browder, J. O., & Pedlowski, M. A. (2004). Tropical forest management and silvicultural practices by small farmers in the Brazilian Amazon: Recent farm-level evidence from Rondônia. Forest Ecology and Management, 192(2–3), 161–177. doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2003.12.016
  • Taylor, P., Leite, C. C., Costa, M. H., de Lima, C. A., Ribeiro, C. A. A. S., & Sediyama, G. C. (2011). Historical reconstruction of land use in the Brazilian Amazon (1940–1995). Journal of Land Use Science, 6(1), 33–52. doi:10.1080/1747423X.2010.501157
  • Walker, R., Browder, J., Arima, E., Simmons, C., Pereira, R., Caldas, M., … Zen, S. D. (2009). Ranching and the new global range: Amazônia in the 21st century. Geoforum, 40(5), 732–745. doi:10.1016/j.geoforum.2008.10.009
  • Weinhold, D. (1999). Estimating the loss of agricultural productivity in the Amazon. Ecological Economics, 31(1), 63–76. doi:10.1016/S0921-8009(99)00055-5
  • Weinhold, D., & Reis, E. (2008). Transportation costs and the spatial distribution of land use in the Brazilian Amazon. Global Environmental Change, 18(1), 54–68. doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2007.06.004
  • Yamada, M., & Gholz, H. L. (2002). An evaluation of agroforestry systems as a rural development option for the Brazilian Amazon. Agroforestry Systems, 55, 81–87.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.