Japanese and Javanese Perceptions of the Concept of Politeness in Their Languages: Cross-Cultural Analysis

References

• https://www.ethnologue.com/guides/largest-familie. 2008 Koujien. Iwanami Publishers
   Google Scholar
• Brown, P., & Levinson, S. C. (1987). Politeness: Some Universals in Language Use. Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Chen R. (1993). Responding to compliments A contrastive study of politeness strategies between American English and Chinese speakers. Journal of Pragmatics, 20(1), 49–75. https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-2166(93)90106-Y
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fraser, B. (1990). Perspectives on politeness. Journal of Pragmatics, 14(2) , 219–236. https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-2166(90)90081-N
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goffman, E. (1967). Interaction Ritual: Essays on Face-to-Face Behavior. New York: Routledge 280 https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203788387.
   Google Scholar
• Gu, Y. (1990). Politeness phenomena in modern Chinese. Journal of Pragmatics, 14(2), 237–257. https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-2166(90)90082-O
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hatley, B. (1990). Theatrical Imagery and Gender Ideology in Java. In J. M. Atkinson & S. Errington (Eds.), Power and Difference: Gender in Island Southeast Asia (pp. 177–207). Stanford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Haugh, M. (2004). Revisiting the conceptualization of politeness in English and Japanese. Multilingua, 23(1/2), 85–110. https://doi.org/10.1515/mult.2004.009
   Google Scholar
• Hobbs, P. (2003). The Medium is the Message: Politeness Strategies in Men’s and Women’s Voice Mail Messages. Journal of Pragmatics, 35(2), 243–262. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-2166(02)00100-5
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hong, W. (1996). An empirical study of Chinese request strategies. Int’l Journal of the Sociology of Language, (122) 127–138. https://doi.org/10.1515/ijsl.1996.122.127
   Google Scholar
• Ide, S. 1992. Gender and Function of Language Use: Quantitave and Qualitative Evidance from Japanese, Pragmatics and Language Learning, 3, 117–129
   Google Scholar
• Ide, S., Hill, B., Carnes, Y.M., and Kawasaki, A. Ide, S., Hill, B., Carnes, Y., Ogino, T. & Kawasaki, A. 2019 The concept of politeness: An empirical study of American English and Japanese. In R. Watts, S. Ide & K. Ehlich (Ed.), Politeness in Language: Studies in its History, Theory and Practice (pp. 281-298). Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110886542-014
   Google Scholar
• Ide, S. (1989). Formal forms and discernment: Two neglects aspects of universals of linguistic politeness. Multilingua, 8(2–3) 223–248.https://doi.org/10.1515/mult.1989.8.2-3.223
   Google Scholar
• Ide, S. (1993). Linguistic politeness, III: Linguistic politeness and universality. Multilingua, 12(1) , 223–248. https://doi.org/10.1515/mult.1989.8.2-3.223
   Google Scholar
• Ide, S. (2001). Kokusai Shakai no naka no keii hyogen [Keii hyogen in an internationalizing society]. Nihongogaku, 20 (4), 4–13. https://ndlonline.ndl.go.jp/#!/detail/R300000002-I5730054-00
   Google Scholar
• Kamada, M., & Komeyama, T. (eds.). (1992). Daikangorin. Shuukan Shoten.
   Google Scholar
• Kasper, G. (2005). Linguistic etiquette Kiesling, Scott F., and Paulston, Christina B. In Intercultural Discourse and Communication 1st (pp. 58–77). Blackwell publishing.https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470758434
   Google Scholar
• Kato, Akiko. (1997). Cross-cultural analysis of the concept of politeness. Journal of Second Language Acquisition and Teaching, 5, 59–72. https://journals.uair.arizona.edu/index.php/AZSLAT/article/view/21174
   Google Scholar
• Khadijah, I. (1993) Politeness in Malay directives (Universiti Malaya).
   Google Scholar
• Kikuchi, Y. (1997). Keigo (Japanese politeness). Kodansha Gakujutsubunko.
   Google Scholar
• Lakoff, R. T., & Ide, S. (Eds.). (2005). Broadening the horizon of linguistic politeness (Vol. 139). John Benjamins Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1075/pbns.139
   Google Scholar
• Lakoff, R. (1973). Language and woman’s place. Language in Society, 2(1), 45–79. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0047404500000051
   Google Scholar
• Leech, G. (2005). Politeness: Is there an East-west divide. Journal of Foreign Language, 6 (3), 1–30. http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.122.4402&rep=rep1&type=pdf
   Google Scholar
• Lim, B. S. (2017). Malay sayings as politeness strategies. Journal of Modern Languages, 15 (1), 65–79. https://jml.um.edu.my/index.php/JML/article/view/3390
   Google Scholar
• Mangunsuwito, S. A. (2002). Kamus Lengkap Bahasa Jawa (Bandung: Yrama Widya).
   Google Scholar
• Mao, L. R. (1994). Beyond Politeness theory: `Face revisited and renewed. Journal of Pragmatics, 21(5), 451–486. https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-2166(94)90025-6
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marui, I., Nishijima, Y., Noro, K., Reinelt, R., & Yamashita, H. (2011). Concepts of communicative virtues (CCV) in Japanese and German. De Gruyter Mouton. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110811551.385
   Google Scholar
• Matsumoto, Y. (1988). Reexamination of the universality of face: Politeness phenomena in Japanese. Journal of Pragmatics, 12(4) , 403–426. https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-2166(88)90003-3
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matsumoto, Y. (1989). Politeness and conversational universals–observations from Japanese. Multilingua-Journal of Cross-Cultural and Interlanguage Communication, 8(2–3), 207–222. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mult.1989.8.2–3.207
   Google Scholar
• Matsumoto, Yoshiko. (1993). Linguistic politeness and cultural style: Observations from Japanese Clancy, Patricia M. In Japanese/Korean linguistics (Vol. 2, pp. 55–67). Stanford University Stanford, CA.
   Google Scholar
• Matsumura, Y., Chinami, K., & Kim, S. J. (2004). Japanese and Korean politeness: A discourse-based contrastive analysis. In International Conference on Language, Politeness and Gender: the pragmatic roots 2-4 September Helshinki University of Helsinki.
   Google Scholar
• Minami, F. (1987). Keigo (Linguistic Politeness). Iwanami Shoten.
   Google Scholar
• Norwanto, N. (2016). Gender and politeness in Javanese Language. [Unpublished doctoral thesis] Univeristy of Huddersfield.
   Google Scholar
• Oishi, H. 1975 Keigo ['Polite language']. Tokyo: Chikuma Shoboo.
   Google Scholar
• Pearsall, J. (ed.). (1998). The New Oxford Dictionary of English. Clarendon Press.
   Google Scholar
• Poedjosoedarmo, Soepomo. (1968). Javanese speech levels. Indonesia 6,(, 54–81. https://doi.org/10.2307/3350711
   Google Scholar
• Prawiroatmodjo, S. (1989). Bausastra Jawa-Indonesia Jilid II. CV. Haji Masagung.
   Google Scholar
• Shinmura, I. 2008 Kojien 6th (Iwanami Shoten)
   Google Scholar
• Smith-Hefner, N. J. (1988). Women and politeness: The Javanese example. Language in Society, 17 (4), 535–554. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0047404500013087.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith‐Hefner, N. J. (2009). Language shift, gender, and ideologies of modernity in Central Java, Indonesia. Journal of Linguistic Anthropology, 19(1), 57–77. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1548-1395.2009.01019.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Srichampa, Sophana. (2003). Politeness strategies in Hanoi Vietnamese speech. Mon-Khmer Studies, 34, 137–155. http://54.209.33.149/archives/mks/pdf/34:137-157.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Sukarno, S. (2010). The reflection of the Javanese cultural concepts in the politeness of Javanese. K@ Ta, 12(1), 59–71. https://doi.org/10.9744/kata.12.1.59-71
   Google Scholar
• Suseno, F.-M. (1984). Javanese Ethics and World View. In The Javanese Idea of Good Life 1 . Jakarta: PT. Gramedia Pustaka Utama 257 http://repo.driyarkara.ac.id/45/1/FMS-etikajawa%20%282%29.pdf .
   Google Scholar
• Tao, L., Sumi, Y., & Nishijima, Y. (2016). Teinei (丁寧), Limao (禮貌), and Kongson (恭遜): A Comparison of Japanese, Chinese, and Korean Concepts of Politeness. Intercultural Communication Studies, 25(3 112–124 https://www-s3-live.kent.edu/s3fs-root/s3fs-public/file/Lin-TAO-Sumi-YOON-Y-NISHIJIMA.pdf).
   Google Scholar
• Ueno, J. (2004). Gender differences in Japanese conversation. Intercultural Communication Studies, 13, 85–100. https://web.uri.edu/iaics/files/08-Junko-Ueno.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Vilkki, L. (2006). Politeness, Face and Facework: A Man of Measure: Festschrift in honor of Fred Karlsson on his 60th birthday. SKY Journal of Linguistics 19. The Linguistic Association of Finland 19 , 322–332 . https://researchportal.helsinki.fi/en/publications/politeness-face-and-facework-current-issues-2
   Google Scholar
• Watts, R. J. (2003). Politeness. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511615184
   Google Scholar
• Wijayanto, A. (2013). The emergence of the Javanese Sopan and Santun (politeness) on the refusal strategies used by Javanese learners of English. The Internet Journal Language, Culture and Society, 36 (1), 34–47. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED561959
   Google Scholar
• Wolff, J. U., & Poedjosoedarmo, S. (1982). Communicative codes in Central Java. Cornell Univeristy Press. https://ecommons.cornell.edu/handle/1813/11778
   Google Scholar
• Yongyan L. (2000). Surfing e-mails. English Today, 16(4), 30–34. 10.1017/S0266078400000523
   Google Scholar
• Zhan, K. (1992). The strategies of politeness in the Chinese language. Institute of East Asian Studies, University of California.
   Google Scholar
• Zhu, J., & Bao, Y. (2010). The pragmatic comparison of Chinese and Western “Politeness” in cross-cultural communication. Journal of Language and Research, 1(6), 848–851. https://doi.org/10.4304/jltr.1.6.848-851
   Google Scholar