540
Views
5
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Review

COPD-associated pulmonary hypertension: clinical implications and current methods for treatment

, , , &
Pages 755-766 | Received 26 Nov 2015, Accepted 28 Apr 2016, Published online: 07 Jun 2016

References

  • Vestbo J, Hurd SS, Agusti AG, et al. Global strategy for the diagnosis, management, and prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: GOLD executive summary. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2013;187:347–365.
  • Salvi SS, Barnes PJ. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in non-smokers. Lancet. 2009;374:733–743.
  • Mathers CD, Loncar D. Projections of global mortality and burden of disease from 2002 to 2030. PLoS Med. 2006;3:e442.
  • Maciewicz RA, Warburton D, Rennard SI. Can increased understanding of the role of lung development and aging drive new advances in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease? Proc Am Thorac Soc. 2009;6:614–617.
  • Simonneau G, Gatzoulis MA, Adatia I, et al. Updated clinical classification of pulmonary hypertension. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2013;62:D34–D41.
  • Hoeper MM, Bogaard HJ, Condliffe R, et al. Definitions and diagnosis of pulmonary hypertension. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2013;62:D42–D50.
  • McGoon MD, Benza RL, Escribano-Subias P, et al. Pulmonary arterial hypertension: epidemiology and registries. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2013;62(Suppl):D51–D59.
  • Benza RL, Miller DP, Barst RJ, et al. An evaluation of long-term survival from time of diagnosis in pulmonary arterial hypertension from REVEAL. Chest. 2012;142:448–456.
  • Sitbon O, Lascoux-Combe C, Delfraissy JF, et al. Prevalence of HIV-related pulmonary arterial hypertension in the current antiretroviral therapy era. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2008;177:108–113.
  • Hachulla E, Gressin V, Guillevin L, et al. Early detection of pulmonary arterial hypertension in systemic sclerosis: a French nationwide prospective multicenter study. Arthritis Rheum. 2005;52:3792–3800.
  • Mukerjee D, St George D, Coleiro B, et al. Prevalence and outcome in systemic sclerosis associated pulmonary arterial hypertension: application of a registry approach. Ann Rheum Dis. 2003;62:1088–1093.
  • Machado RF, Gladwin MT. Pulmonary hypertension in hemolytic disorders: pulmonary vascular disease: the global perspective. Chest. 2010;137:30S–38S.
  • Fonseca GH, Souza R, Salemi VM, et al. Pulmonary hypertension diagnosed by right heart catheterisation in sickle cell disease. Eur Respir J. 2012;39:112–118.
  • Badesch DB, Champion HC, Sanchez MA, et al. Diagnosis and assessment of pulmonary arterial hypertension. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2009;54(1 Suppl):S55–S66.
  • Galiè N, Humbert M, Vachiery JL, et al. 2015 ESC/ERS Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary hypertension: the Joint Task Force for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Pulmonary Hypertension of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and the European Respiratory Society (ERS): Endorsed by: Association for European Paediatric and Congenital Cardiology (AEPC), International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation (ISHLT). Eur Heart J. 2016;37(1):S67–119.
  • Hurdman J, Condliffe R, Elliot CA, et al. Pulmonary hypertension in COPD: results from the ASPIRE registry. Eur Respir J. 2013;41:1292–1301.
  • Minai OA, Chaouat A, Adnot S. Pulmonary hypertension in COPD: epidemiology, significance, and management: pulmonary vascular disease: the global perspective. Chest. 2010;137:39S–51S.
  • Chatila WM, Thomashow BM, Minai OA, et al. Comorbidities in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Proc Am Thorac Soc. 2008;5:549–555.
  • Elwing J, Panos RJ. Pulmonary hypertension associated with COPD. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis. 2008;3(1):55–70.
  • Chaouat A, Naeije R, Cha E. Pulmonary hypertension in COPD. Eur Respir J. 2008;32:1371–1385.
  • Stevens D, Sharma K, Szidon P, et al. Severe pulmonary hypertension associated with COPD. Ann Transplant. 2000;5:8–12.
  • Thabut G, Dauriat G, Stern JB, et al. Pulmonary hemodynamics in advanced COPD candidates for lung volume reduction surgery or lung transplantation. Chest. 2005;127:1531–1536.
  • Andersen KH, Iversen M, Kjaergaard J, et al. Prevalence, predictors, and survival in pulmonary hypertension related to end-stage chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. J Heart Lung Transplant. 2012;31:373–380.
  • Burrows B, Kettel LJ, Niden AH, et al. Patterns of cardiovascular dysfunction in chronic obstructive lung disease. N Engl J Med. 1972;286:912–918.
  • Oswald-Mammosser M, Weitzenblum E, Quoix E, et al. Prognostic factors in COPD patients receiving long-term oxygen therapy. Importance of pulmonary artery pressure. Chest. 1995;107:1193–1198.
  • Sims MW, Margolis DJ, Localio AR, et al. Impact of pulmonary artery pressure on exercise function in severe COPD. Chest. 2009;136:412–419.
  • Wright JL, Lawson L, Pare PD, et al. The structure and function of the pulmonary vasculature in mild chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The effect of oxygen and exercise. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1983;128:702–707.
  • Kubo K, Ge RL, Koizumi T, et al. Pulmonary artery remodeling modifies pulmonary hypertension during exercise in severe emphysema. Respir Physiol. 2000;120:71–79.
  • Wrobel JP, Thompson BR, Stuart-Anderws CR, et al. Intermittent positive pressure ventilation increases diastolic pulmonary artery pressure in advanced COPD. Heart Lung. 2015;44:50–56.
  • Falk JA, Martin UJ, Scharf S, et al. Lung elastic recoil does not correlate with pulmonary hemodynamics in severe emphysema. Chest. 2007;132:1476–1484.
  • Hilde JM, Skjorten I, Hansteen V, et al. Haemodynamic responses to exercise in patients with COPD. Eur Respir J. 2013;41:1031–1041.
  • Von Euler U. Liljerstrand. Observations on the pulmonary arterial blood pressure in the cat. Adv Pulmon Hypertens. 1946;12:301–320.
  • Stenmark KR, Fagan KA, Frid MG. Hypoxia-induced pulmonary vascular remodeling: cellular and molecular mechanisms. Circ Res. 2006;99:675–691.
  • Magee F, Wright JL, Wiggs BR, et al. Pulmonary vascular structure and function in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Thorax. 1988;43:183–189.
  • Peinado VI, Pizarro S, Barberà JA. Pulmonary vascular involvement in COPD. Chest. 2008;134:808–814.
  • Peinado VI, Barberà JA, Abate P, et al. Inflammatory reaction in pulmonary muscular arteries of patients with mild chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1999;159:1605–1611.
  • Santos S, Peinado VI, Ramirez J, et al. Characterization of pulmonary vascular remodelling in smokers and patients with mild COPD. Eur Respir J. 2002;19:632–638.
  • Dinh-Xuan AT, Higenbottam TW, Clelland CA, et al. Impairment of endothelium-dependent pulmonary-artery relaxation in chronic obstructive lung disease. N Engl J Med. 1991;324:1539–1547.
  • Lee JD, Taraseviciene-Stewart L, Keith R, et al. The expression of prostacyclin synthase is decreased in the small pulmonary arteries from patients with emphysema. Chest. 2005;128:575S.
  • Giaid A, Yanagisawa M, Langleben D, et al. Expression of endothelin-1 in the lungs of patients with pulmonary hypertension. N Engl J Med. 1993;328:1732–1739.
  • Spiropoulos K, Trakada G, Nikolaou E, et al. Endothelin-1 levels in the pathophysiology of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and bronchial asthma. Respir Med. 2003;97:983–989.
  • Chaouat A, Savale L, Chouaid C, et al. Role for interleukin-6 in COPD-related pulmonary hypertension. Chest. 2009;136:678–687.
  • Kwon YS, Chi SY, Shin HJ, et al. Plasma C-reactive protein and endothelin-1 level in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and pulmonary hypertension. J Korean Med Sci. 2010;25:1487–1491.
  • Eddahibi S, Chaouat A, Morrell N, et al. Polymorphism of the serotonin transporter gene and pulmonary hypertension in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Circulation. 2003;108:1839–1844.
  • Seimetz M, Parajuli N, Pichl A, et al. Inducible NOS inhibition reverses tobacco-smoke-induced emphysema and pulmonary hypertension in mice. Cell. 2011;147:293–305.
  • Ferrer E, Peinado VI, Castaneda J, et al. Effects of cigarette smoke and hypoxia on pulmonary circulation in the guinea pig. Eur Respir J. 2011;38:617–627.
  • Wright JL, Zhou S, Preobrazhenska O, et al. Statin reverses smoke-induced pulmonary hypertension and prevents emphysema but not airway remodeling. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2011;183:50–58.
  • Barbera JA, Peinado VI, Santos S, et al. Reduced expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase in pulmonary arteries of smokers. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2001;164:709–713.
  • Loddenkemper R, Gibson GJ, Sibille Y, et al. European lung white book: the first comprehensive survey on respiratory health in Europe. Sheffield: European Respiratory Society Journals; 2003.
  • Aaron SD, Angel JB, Lunau M, et al. Granulocyte inflammatory markers and airway infection during acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2001;163:349–355.
  • Sin DD, Lacy P, York E, et al. Effects of fluticasone on systemic markers of inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2004;170:760–765.
  • Barbara J, Roca J, Ferrer A. Mechanisms of worsening gas exchange during acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Eur Resp J. 1997;10:1285–1291.
  • Rodriguez-Raisin R, MacNee W. Pathophysiology of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Eur Respir Mon. 1998;7:107–126.
  • O’Aonell D, Parker C. COPD exacerbations-3: pathophysiology. Thorax. 2006;61:354–361.
  • Scott KW. A clinicopathological study of fatal chronic airways obstruction. Thorax. 1976;31:693–701.
  • Chiang GG, Weinmann YP, Sheingold S. The National Emphysema Treatment Trial (NETT): a study in agency collaboration. Proc Am Thorac Soc. 2008;5:381–384.
  • MacNee W, Wathen CG, Flenley DC, et al. The effects of controlled oxygen therapy on ventricular function in patients with stable and decompensated cor pulmonale. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1988;137:1289–1295.
  • Weitzenblum E, Apprill M, Oswald M, et al. Pulmonary hemodynamics in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease before and during an episode of peripheral edema. Chest. 1994;105:1377–1382.
  • National Clinical Guideline Centre (UK). Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in adults in primary and secondary care. London: Royal College of Physicians (UK); 2010 Jun. (NICE Clinical Guidelines, No. 101.)
  • Anthonisen NR, Manfreda J, Warren CP, et al. Antibiotic therapy in exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Ann Intern Med. 1987;106:196–204.
  • Celli BR, MacNee W. Standards for the diagnosis and treatment of patients with COPD: a summary of the ATS/ERS position paper. Eur Respir J. 2004;23:932–946.
  • Leuppi JD, Schuetz P, Bingisser R, et al. Short-term vs conventional glucocorticoid therapy in acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: the REDUCE randomized clinical trial. Jama. 2013;309:2223–2231.
  • Woodhead M, Blasi F, Ewig S, et al. Guidelines for the management of adult lower respiratory tract infections. Eur Respir J. 2005;26:1138–1180.
  • Austin MA, Wills KE, Blizzard L, et al. Effect of high flow oxygen on mortality in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients in prehospital setting: randomised controlled trial. Bmj. 2010;341:c5462.
  • Kramer N, Meyer TJ, Meharg J, et al. Randomized, prospective trial of noninvasive positive pressure ventilation in acute respiratory failure. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1995;151:1799–1806.
  • Plant P, Owen J, Elliott MW. Early use of noninvasive ventilation for acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease on general repiratory wards: a multicentre randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2000;355:1931–1935.
  • Consensus conference report. Clinical indications for noninvasive positive pressure ventilation in chronic respiratory failure due to restrictive lung disease, COPD, and nocturnal hypoventilation–a consensus conference report. Chest. 1999;116:521–534.
  • Lightowler JV, Wedzicha JA, Elliott MW, et al. Non-invasive positive pressure ventilation to treat respiratory failure resulting from exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: cochrane systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ. 2003;326:185.
  • Brochard L, Mancebo J, Wysocki M, et al. Noninvasive ventilation for acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. N Engl J Med. 1995;333:817–822.
  • Bott J, Carroll MP, Conway JH, et al. Randomised controlled trial of nasal ventilation in acute ventilatory failure due to chronic obstructive airways disease. Lancet. 1993;341:1555–1557.
  • Chandra D, Stamm JA, Taylor B, et al. Outcomes of noninvasive ventilation for acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in the United States, 1998–2008. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2012;185:152–159.
  • Meyer TJ, Hill NS. Noninvasive positive pressure ventilation to treat respiratory failure. Ann Intern Med. 1994;120:760–770.
  • Kessler R, Faller M, Weitzenblum E, et al. “Natural History” of pulmonary hypertension in a series of 131 patients with chronic obstructive lung disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2001;164:219–224.
  • Long term domiciliary oxygen therapy in chronic hypoxic cor pulmonale complicating chronic bronchitis and emphysema. Report of the medical research council working party. Lancet. 1981;1:681–686.
  • Vonk Noordegraaf A, Marcus JT, Holverda S, et al. Early changes of cardiac structure and function in COPD patients with mild hypoxemia. Chest. 2005;127:1898–1903.
  • MacNee W. Right heart function in COPD. Semin Respir Crit Care Med. 2010;31:295–312.
  • Vonk NA, Marcus JT, Roseboom B, et al. The effect of right ventricular hypertrophy on left ventricular ejection fraction in pulmonary emphysema. Chest. 1997;112:640–645.
  • Rizkallah J, Man SF, Sin DD. Prevalence of pulmonary embolism in acute exacerbations of COPD: a systematic review and metaanalysis. Chest. 2009;135:786–793.
  • Chaouat A, Bugnet AS, Kadaoui N, et al. Severe pulmonary hypertension and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2005;172:189–194.
  • Arcasoy SM, Christie JD, Ferrari VA, et al. Echocardiographic assessment of pulmonary hypertension in patients with advanced lung disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2003;167:735–740.
  • Fisher MR, Criner GJ, Fishman AP, et al. Estimating pulmonary artery pressures by echocardiography in patients with emphysema. Eur Respir J. 2007;30:914–921.
  • Howard LS, Grapsa J, Dawson D, et al. Echocardiographic assessment of pulmonary hypertension: standard operating procedure. Eur Respir Rev. 2012;21:239–248.
  • Leuchte HH, Baumgartner RA, Nounou ME, et al. Brain natriuretic peptide is a prognostic parameter in chronic lung disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2006;173:744–750.
  • Boerrigter BG, Bogaard HJ, Trip P, et al. Ventilatory and cardiocirculatory exercise profiles in COPD: the role of pulmonary hypertension. Chest. 2012;142:1166–1174.
  • Chen X, Liu K, Wang Z, et al. Computed tomography measurement of pulmonary artery for diagnosis of COPD and its comorbiditiy pulmonary hyerptension. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis. 2015;10:2525–2533.
  • Dournes G, Laurent F, Coste F, et al. Computed tomographic measurement of airway remodeling and emphysema in advanced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Correlation with pulmonary hypertension. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2015;191:63–70.
  • Matsuoka S, Washko GR, Yamashiro T, et al. Pulmonary hypertension and computed tomography measurement of small pulmonary vessels in severe emphysema. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2010;181:218–225.
  • Simonneau G, Robbins IM, Beghetti M, et al. Updated clinical classification of pulmonary hypertension. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2009;54(1 Suppl):S43–S54.
  • Chabot F, Schrijen F, Poincelot F, et al. Interpretation of high wedge pressure on exercise in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Cardiology. 2001;95:139–145.
  • Falk JA, Minai OA, Mosenifar Z. Inhaled and systemic corticosteroids in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Proc Am Thorac Soc. 2008;5:506–512.
  • Nocturnal Oxygen Therapy Trial Group. Continuous or nocturnal oxygen therapy in hypoxemic chronic obstructive lung disease: a clinical trial. Ann Intern Med. 1980;93:391–398.
  • Pizarro C, Schueler R, Hammerstingl C, et al. Impact of endoscopic lung volume reduction on right ventricular myocardial function. PLoS One. 2015;10:e0121377.
  • Eberhardt R, Gerovasili V, Kontogianni K, et al. Endoscopic lung volume reduction with endobronchial valves in patients with severe emphysema and established pulmonary hypertension. Respiration. 2015;89:41–48.
  • Barbera JA, Blanco I. Pulmonary hypertension in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: advances in pathophysiology and management. Drugs. 2009;69:1153–1171.
  • Valerio G, Bracciale P, Grazia DA. Effect of bosentan upon pulmonary hypertension in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Ther Adv Respir Dis. 2009;3:15–21.
  • Stolz D, Rasch H, Linka A, et al. A randomised, controlled trial of bosentan in severe COPD. Eur Respir J. 2008;32:619–628.
  • Blanco I, Gimeno E, Munoz PA, et al. Hemodynamic and gas exchange effects of sildenafil in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and pulmonary hypertension. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2010;181:270–278.
  • Alp S, Skrygan M, Schmidt WE, et al. Sildenafil improves hemodynamic parameters in COPD - an investigation of six patients. Pulm Pharmacol Ther. 2006;19:386–390.
  • Rao RS, Singh S, Sharma BB, et al. Sildenafil improves six-minute walk distance in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Indian J Chest Dis Allied Sci. 2011;53:81–85.
  • Galiè N, Brundage BH, Ghofrani HA, et al. Tadalafil therapy for pulmonary arterial hypertension. Circulation. 2009;119:2894–2903.
  • Oudiz RJ, Brundage BH, Galiè N, et al. Tadalafil for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension: a double-blind 52-week uncontrolled extension study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2012;60:768–774.
  • Goudie AR, Lipworth BJ, Hopkinson PJ, et al. Tadalafil in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomised, double-blind, parallel-group, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet Respir Med. 2014;2:293–300.
  • Dernaika TA, Beavin M, Kinasewitz GT. Iloprost improves gas exchange and exercise tolerance in patients with pulmonary hypertension and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Respiration. 2010;79:377–382.
  • Ghofrani HA, Staehler G, Grunig E, et al. Acute effects of riociguat in borderline or manifest pulmonary hypertension associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Pulm Circ. 2015;5:296–304.
  • Girard A, Jouneau S, Chabanne C, et al. Severe pulmonary hypertension associated with COPD: hemodynamic improvement with specific therapy. Respiration. 2015;90:220–228.
  • Brewis MJ, Church AC, Johnson MK, et al. Severe pulmonary hypertension in lung disease: phenotypes and response to treatment. Eur Respir J. 2015;46(5):1378–1389.
  • Seimetz M, Parajuli N, Pichl A, et al. Cigarette smoke-induced emphysema and pulmonary hypertension can be prevented by phosphodiesterase 4 and 5 inhibition in mice. PLoS One. 2015;10:e0129327.
  • Weissmann N, Lobo B, Pichl A, et al. Stimulation of soluble guanylate cyclase prevents cigarette smoke-induced pulmonary hypertension and emphysema. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2014;189:1359–1373.
  • Vachiery JL, Adir Y, Barbera JA, et al. Pulmonary hypertension due to left heart diseases. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2013;62:D100–D108.
  • Evgenov OV, Kohane DS, Bloch KD, et al. Inhaled agonists of soluble guanylate cyclase induce selective pulmonary vasodilation. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2007;176:1138–1145.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.