Lung cancer and miRNAs: a possible remedy for anti-metastatic, therapeutic and diagnostic applications

References

• Herbst RS, Heymach JV, Lippman SM. Lung cancer. N Engl J Med. 2008;359(13):1367–1380.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Siegel R, Naishadham D, Jemal A. Cancer statistics, 2013. CA Cancer J Clin. 2013;63(1):11–30.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cushing L, Jiang Z, Kuang P, et al. The roles of microRNAs and protein components of the microRNA pathway in lung development and diseases. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 2015;52(4):397–408.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ebrahimi A, Sadroddiny E. MicroRNAs in lung diseases: recent findings and their pathophysiological implications. Pulm Pharmacol Ther. 2015;34:55–63.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eddy SR. Non–coding RNA genes and the modern RNA world. Nat Rev Genet. 2001;2(12):919–929.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nicoloso MS, Spizzo R, Shimizu M, et al. MicroRNAs—the micro steering wheel of tumour metastases. Nat Rev Cancer. 2009;9(4):293–302.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wightman B, Ha I, Ruvkun G. Posttranscriptional regulation of the heterochronic gene lin-14 by lin-4 mediates temporal pattern formation in C. elegans. Cell. 1993;75(5):855–862.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang J, Peng J, Guo L. Non-Coding RNA: a new tool for the diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy of small cell lung cancer. J Thorac Oncol. 2015;10(1):28–37.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matouk IJ, Halle D, Gilon M, et al. The non-coding RNAs of the H19-IGF2 imprinted loci: a focus on biological roles and therapeutic potential in lung cancer. J Transl Med. 2015;13(1):1.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mercer TR, Dinger ME, Mattick JS. Long non-coding RNAs: insights into functions. Nat Rev Genet. 2009;10(3):155–159.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Esquela-Kerscher A, Slack FJ. Oncomirs—microRNAs with a role in cancer. Nat Rev Cancer. 2006;6(4):259–269.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hashemi ZS, Moghadam MF, Soleimani M. Comparison of TGFbR2 down-regulation in expanded HSCs on MBA/DBM scaffolds coated by UCB stromal cells. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim. 2015;51(5):495–506.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Langroudi L, Forouzandeh M, Soleimani M, et al. Induction of differentiation by down-regulation of Nanog and Rex-1 in cord blood derived unrestricted somatic stem cells. Mol Biol Rep. 2013;40(7):4429–4437.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Esposito CL, Catuogno S, De Franciscis V. Aptamer-mediated selective delivery of short RNA therapeutics in cancer cells. J Rnai Gene Silencing. 2014;10:500–506.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hurst DR, Edmonds MD, Welch DR. Metastamir: the field of metastasis-regulatory microRNA is spreading. Cancer Res. 2009;69(19):7495–7498.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wotschofsky Z, Liep J, Meyer H-A, et al. Identification of metastamirs as metastasis-associated microRNAs in clear cell renal cell carcinomas. Int J Biol Sci. 2012;8(10):1363–1374.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feng B, Zhang K, Wang R, et al. Correction: non-small-cell lung cancer and miRNAs: novel biomarkers and promising tools for treatment. Clin Sci. 2015;128:673–674.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Naidu S, Garofalo M. microRNAs: an emerging paradigm in lung cancer chemoresistance. Front Medicine. 2015;2:1-8.
   Google Scholar
• Calin GA, Dumitru CD, Shimizu M, et al. Frequent deletions and down-regulation of micro-RNA genes miR15 and miR16 at 13q14 in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 2002;99(24):15524–15529.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miao Y, Li J, Qiu X, et al. miR-27a regulates the self renewal of the H446 small cell lung cancer cell line in vitro. Oncol Rep. 2013;29(1):161–168.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang B, Zhang Q. The expression and clinical significance of circulating microRNA-21 in serum of five solid tumors. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol. 2012;138(10):1659–1666.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shi Y, Liu C, Liu X, et al. The microRNA miR-34a inhibits non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) growth and the CD44 hi stem-like NSCLC cells. PLoS One. 2014;9(3):e90022.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang G, Mao W, Zheng S. MicroRNA-183 regulates ezrin expression in lung cancer cells. FEBS Lett. 2008;582(25):3663–3668.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matsubara H, Takeuchi T, Nishikawa E, et al. Apoptosis induction by antisense oligonucleotides against miR-17-5p and miR-20a in lung cancers overexpressing miR-17-92. Oncogene. 2007;26(41):6099–6105.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Calin GA, Croce CM. MicroRNA-cancer connection: the beginning of a new tale. Cancer Res. 2006;66(15):7390–7394.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Volinia S, Calin GA, Liu C-G, et al. A microRNA expression signature of human solid tumors defines cancer gene targets. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2006;103(7):2257–2261.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bai Y, Sun Y, Peng J, et al. Overexpression of secretagogin inhibits cell apoptosis and induces chemoresistance in small cell lung cancer under the regulation of miR-494. Survival. 2014;3:7760-7775.
   Google Scholar
• Takamizawa J, Konishi H, Yanagisawa K, et al. Reduced expression of the let-7 microRNAs in human lung cancers in association with shortened postoperative survival. Cancer Res. 2004;64(11):3753–3756.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gutschner T, Diederichs S. The hallmarks of cancer: a long non-coding RNA point of view. RNA Biology. 2012;9(6):703–719.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prensner JR, Chinnaiyan AM. The emergence of lncRNAs in cancer biology. Cancer Discov. 2011;1(5):391–407.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fatemi F, Sadroddiny E, Gheibi A, et al. Biomolecular markers in assessment and treatment of asthma. Respirology. 2014;19(4):514–523.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang C. MicroRNomics: a newly emerging approach for disease biology. Physiol Genomics. 2008;33(2):139–147.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xia M, Hu M. The role of microRNA in tumor invasion and metastasis. J Cancer Mol. 2010;5(2):33–39.
   Google Scholar
• Hafner M, Landgraf P, Ludwig J, et al. Identification of microRNAs and other small regulatory RNAs using cDNA library sequencing. Methods. 2008;44(1):3–12.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen X, Ba Y, Ma L, et al. Characterization of microRNAs in serum: a novel class of biomarkers for diagnosis of cancer and other diseases. Cell Res. 2008;18(10):997–1006.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keller A, Backes C, Leidinger P, et al. Next-generation sequencing identifies novel microRNAs in peripheral blood of lung cancer patients. Mol Biosyst. 2011;7(12):3187–3199.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keller A, Leidinger P, Bauer A, et al. Toward the blood-borne miRNome of human diseases. Nat Methods. 2011;8(10):841–843.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Backes C, Ludwig N, Leidinger P, et al. Paired proteomics, transcriptomics and miRNomics in non-small cell lung cancers: known and novel signaling cascades. Oncotarget. 2016;7:71514-71525.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fidler IJ. The pathogenesis of cancer metastasis: the’seed and soil’hypothesis revisited. Nat Rev Cancer. 2003;3(6):453–458.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang L, Yang J, Li J, et al. MircoRNA-33a inhibits epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and metastasis and could be a prognostic marker in non-small cell lung cancer. Sci Rep. 2015;5:1-13.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Monteiro J, Fodde R. Cancer stemness and metastasis: therapeutic consequences and perspectives. Eur J Cancer. 2010;46(7):1198–1203.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang H, Li Y, Lai M. The microRNA network and tumor metastasis. Oncogene. 2010;29(7):937–948.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nguyen DX, Massagué J. Genetic determinants of cancer metastasis. Nat Rev Genet. 2007;8(5):341–352.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mehlen P, Puisieux A. Metastasis: a question of life or death. Nat Rev Cancer. 2006;6(6):449–458.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chaffer CL, Weinberg RA. A perspective on cancer cell metastasis. Science. 2011;331(6024):1559–1564.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gao D, Nolan DJ, Mellick AS, et al. Endothelial progenitor cells control the angiogenic switch in mouse lung metastasis. Science. 2008;319(5860):195–198.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meng F, Wu G. The rejuvenated scenario of epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cancer metastasis. Cancer Metastasis Rev. 2012;31(3–4):455–467.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kalluri R, Weinberg RA. The basics of epithelial-mesenchymal transition. J Clin Invest. 2009;119(6):1420–1428.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Powell CA, Halmos B, Nana-Sinkam SP. Update in lung cancer and mesothelioma 2012. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2013;188(2):157–166.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lu C, Onn A, Vaporciyan A. 78: cancer of the lung. Holland-Frei cancer medicine. 8th ed. Shelton, Connecticut: People’s Medical Publishing House; 2010.
   Google Scholar
• Ma L, Teruya-Feldstein J, Weinberg RA. Tumour invasion and metastasis initiated by microRNA-10b in breast cancer. Nature. 2007;449(7163):682–688.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang Y, Yang P, Wang X-F. Microenvironmental regulation of cancer metastasis by miRNAs. Trends Cell Biol. 2014;24(3):153–160.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crawford M, Brawner E, Batte K, et al. MicroRNA-126 inhibits invasion in non-small cell lung carcinoma cell lines. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2008;373(4):607–612.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burk U, Schubert J, Wellner U, et al. A reciprocal repression between ZEB1 and members of the miR‐200 family promotes EMT and invasion in cancer cells. EMBO Rep. 2008;9(6):582–589.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fortunato O, Boeri M, Verri C, et al. Therapeutic use of microRNAs in lung cancer. Biomed Res Int. 2014;2014:1-8.
   Google Scholar
• Peinado H, Olmeda D, Cano A. Snail, Zeb and bHLH factors in tumour progression: an alliance against the epithelial phenotype? Nat Rev Cancer. 2007;7(6):415–428.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mitchell PS, Parkin RK, Kroh EM, et al. Circulating microRNAs as stable blood-based markers for cancer detection. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 2008;105(30):10513–10518.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bianchi F, Nicassio F, Marzi M, et al. A serum circulating miRNA diagnostic test to identify asymptomatic high‐risk individuals with early stage lung cancer. EMBO Mol Med. 2011;3(8):495–503.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ng EK, Li R, Shin VY, et al. Circulating microRNAs as specific biomarkers for breast cancer detection. PLoS One. 2013;8(1):e53141.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leidinger P, Brefort T, Backes C, et al. High-throughput qRT-PCR validation of blood microRNAs in non-small cell lung cancer. Oncotarget. 2016;7(4):4611.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sozzi G, Boeri M. Potential biomarkers for lung cancer screening. Transl Lung Cancer Res. 2014;3(3):139.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Madhavan D, Cuk K, Burwinkel B, et al. Cancer diagnosis and prognosis decoded by blood-based circulating microRNA signatures. Front Genet. 2013;4:1–13.
   Google Scholar
• Xiao X, Yu S, Li S, et al. Exosomes: decreased sensitivity of lung cancer A549 cells to cisplatin. PLoS One. 2014;9(2):e89534.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lawrie CH, Gal S, Dunlop HM, et al. Detection of elevated levels of tumour‐associated microRNAs in serum of patients with diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma. Br J Haematol. 2008;141(5):672–675.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chim SS, Shing TK, Hung EC, et al. Detection and characterization of placental microRNAs in maternal plasma. Clin Chem. 2008;54(3):482–490.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Piva R, Spandidos DA, Gambari R. From microRNA functions to microRNA therapeutics: novel targets and novel drugs in breast cancer research and treatment (Review). Int J Oncol. 2013;43(4):985–994.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grange C, Tapparo M, Collino F, et al. Microvesicles released from human renal cancer stem cells stimulate angiogenesis and formation of lung premetastatic niche. Cancer Res. 2011;71(15):5346–5356.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taverna S, Amodeo V, Saieva L, et al. Exosomal shuttling of miR-126 in endothelial cells modulates adhesive and migratory abilities of chronic myelogenous leukemia cells. Mol Cancer. 2014;13(1):1.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fabbri M, Paone A, Calore F, et al. A new role for microRNAs, as ligands of Toll-like receptors. RNA Biology. 2013;10(2):169–174.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Falcone G, Felsani A, D’Agnano I. Signaling by exosomal microRNAs in cancer. J Exp Clin Cancer Res. 2015;34(1):1.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cazzoli R, Buttitta F, Di Nicola M, et al. microRNAs derived from circulating exosomes as noninvasive biomarkers for screening and diagnosing lung cancer. J Thorac Oncol. 2013;8(9):1156–1162.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rabinowits G, Gerçel-Taylor C, Day JM, et al. Exosomal microRNA: a diagnostic marker for lung cancer. Clin Lung Cancer. 2009;10(1):42–46.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Munagala R, Aqil F, Gupta RC. Exosomal miRNAs as biomarkers of recurrent lung cancer. Tumor Biology. 2016;37:1–12.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xia MH. Great potential of microRNA in cancer stem cell. J Cancer Mol. 2008;4(3):79–89.
   Google Scholar
• Ji Q, Hao X, Zhang M, et al. MicroRNA miR-34 inhibits human pancreatic cancer tumor-initiating cells. PLoS One. 2009;4(8):e6816.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yu F, Yao H, Zhu P, et al. let-7 regulates self renewal and tumorigenicity of breast cancer cells. Cell. 2007;131(6):1109–1123.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vaz AP, Ponnusamy MP, Batra SK. Cancer stem cells and therapeutic targets: an emerging field for cancer treatment. Drug Deliv Transl Res. 2013;3(2):113–120.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Howlander N, Noone A, Krapcho M, et al. SEER cancer statistics review, 1975–2009 (Vintage 2009 Populations). Bethesda, MD: National Cancer Institute; 2012.
   Google Scholar
• Jiang F, Qiu Q, Khanna A, et al. Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 is a tumor stem cell-associated marker in lung cancer. Mol Cancer Res. 2009;7(3):330–338.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ho MM, Ng AV, Lam S, et al. Side population in human lung cancer cell lines and tumors is enriched with stem-like cancer cells. Cancer Res. 2007;67(10):4827–4833.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eramo A, Lotti F, Sette G, et al. Identification and expansion of the tumorigenic lung cancer stem cell population. Cell Death Differ. 2008;15(3):504–514.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leung EL-H, Fiscus RR, Tung JW, et al. Non-small cell lung cancer cells expressing CD44 are enriched for stem cell-like properties. PLoS One. 2010;5(11):e14062.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Qiu X, Wang Z, Li Y, et al. Characterization of sphere-forming cells with stem-like properties from the small cell lung cancer cell line H446. Cancer Lett. 2012;323(2):161–170.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xu W, Ji J, Xu Y, et al. MicroRNA‐191, by promoting the EMT and increasing CSC‐like properties, is involved in neoplastic and metastatic properties of transformed human bronchial epithelial cells. Mol Carcinog. 2015;54(S1):148-161.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen Y, Gao D-Y, Huang L. In vivo delivery of miRNAs for cancer therapy: challenges and strategies. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2015;81:128–141.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hermeking H. The miR-34 family in cancer and apoptosis. Cell Death Differ. 2010;17(2):193–199.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stenvang J, Petri A, Lindow M, et al. Inhibition of microRNA function by antimiR oligonucleotides. Silence. 2012;3(1):1.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Stenvang J, Silahtaroglu AN, Lindow M, et al. The utility of LNA in microRNA-based cancer diagnostics and therapeutics. In Seminars in cancer biology. 2008. 89–102.
   Google Scholar
• Ebert MS, Neilson JR, Sharp PA. MicroRNA sponges: competitive inhibitors of small RNAs in mammalian cells. Nat Methods. 2007;4(9):721–726.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brognara E, Fabbri E, Aimi F, et al. Peptide nucleic acids targeting miR-221 modulate p27Kip1 expression in breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells. Int J Oncol. 2012;41(6):2119–2127.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krützfeldt J, Rajewsky N, Braich R, et al. Silencing of microRNAs in vivo with ‘antagomirs’. Nature. 2005;438(7068):685–689.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bader AG, Lammers P. The therapeutic potential of microRNAs. Innovations Pharm Technol. 2011;11:52–55.
   Google Scholar
• Wu W, Choudhry H. Next generation sequencing in cancer research. New York: Springer; 2013.
   Google Scholar
• Zhao Z, Xu L, Shi X, et al. Recognition of subtype non-small cell lung cancer by DNA aptamers selected from living cells. Analyst. 2009;134(9):1808–1814.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Esposito CL, Cerchia L, Catuogno S, et al. Multifunctional aptamer-miRNA conjugates for targeted cancer therapy. Mol Ther. 2014;22(6):1151–1163.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang H, Zhao X, Guo C, et al. Aptamer-dendrimer bioconjugates for targeted delivery of miR-34a expressing plasmid and antitumor effects in non-small cell lung cancer cells. PLoS One. 2015;10(9):e0139136.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang Q, Zhong M, Liu W, et al. Alterations of microRNAs in cisplatin-resistant human non-small cell lung cancer cells (A549/DDP). Exp Lung Res. 2011;37(7):427–434.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang Y, Huang J-W, Li M, et al. MicroRNA-138 modulates DNA damage response by repressing histone H2AX expression. Mol Cancer Res. 2011;9(8):1100–1111.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dong Z, Zhong Z, Yang L, et al. MicroRNA-31 inhibits cisplatin-induced apoptosis in non-small cell lung cancer cells by regulating the drug transporter ABCB9. Cancer Lett. 2014;343(2):249–257.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wieckowski EU, Visus C, Szajnik M, et al. Tumor-derived microvesicles promote regulatory T cell expansion and induce apoptosis in tumor-reactive activated CD8+ T lymphocytes. J Immunol. 2009;183(6):3720–3730.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar