The use of cellular and molecular biomarkers to manage COPD exacerbations

References

• Vestbo J, Hurd SS, Agustí AG, et al. Global strategy for the diagnosis, management, and prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2013 Feb;187(4):347–365. ​
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baines KJ, Pavord ID, Gibson PG. The role of biomarkers in the management of airways disease. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2014 Nov;18(11):1264–1268.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• National Institutes of Health. Morbidity and mortality: 2012 Chart book on cardiovascular, lung, and blood diseases [Internet]. 2012 [cited 2016 Nov 12]. pp. 1–116. Available from: https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/files/docs/research/2012_ChartBook.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Hurd S. Global impact of COPD. Exp Lung Res. 2005 Sep;31(Suppl 1):57–62.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Celli BR, Macnee W. ATS/ERS Task Force. Standards for the diagnosis and treatment of patients with COPD: a summary of the ATS/ERS position paper. Eur Respir J. 2004;23:932–946.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fu -J-J, McDonald VM, Baines KJ, et al. Airway IL-1β and systemic inflammation as predictors of future exacerbation risk in asthma and COPD. Chest. 2015 Sep;148(3):618–629.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Iwamoto H, Gao J, Koskela J, et al. Differences in plasma and sputum biomarkers between COPD and COPD-asthma overlap. Eur Respir J. 2014 Jan;43(2):421–429.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheng DT, Kim DK, Cockayne DA, et al. Systemic soluble receptor for advanced glycation endproducts is a biomarker of emphysema and associated with AGER genetic variants in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2013 Oct;188(8):948–957.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Celli BR, Locantore N, Yates J, et al. Inflammatory biomarkers improve clinical prediction of mortality in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2012 May;185(10):1065–1072.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sin DD, Miller BE, Duvoix A, et al. Serum PARC/CCL-18 concentrations and health outcomes in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2011 May;183(9):1187–1192.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bafadhel M, McKenna S, Terry S, et al. Acute exacerbations of chronic cbstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2011 Sep;184(6):662–671.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gao P, Zhang J, He X, et al. Sputum inflammatory cell-based classification of patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Plos ONE. 2013 May;8(5:e57678.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hurst JR, Donaldson GC, Perera WR, et al. Use of plasma biomarkers at exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2006 Oct;174(8):867–874.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dahl M, Vestbo J, Lange P, et al. C-reactive protein as a predictor of prognosis in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2007 Feb;175(3):250–255.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Torres JP, Pinto-Plata V, Casanova C, et al. C-reactive protein levels and survival in patients with moderate to very severe COPD. Chest. 2008 Jun;133(6):1336–1343.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Verrills NM, Irwin JA, He X Y, et al. Identification of novel diagnostic biomarkers for asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2011 Jun;183(12):1633–1643.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keene JD, Jacobson S, Kechris K, et al. Biomarkers predictive of exacerbations in the SPIROMICS and COPDGene cohorts. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2017;195:473-481. ​
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fiorini G, Crespi S, Rinaldi M, et al. Serum ECP and MPO are increased during exacerbations of chronic bronchitis with airway obstruction. Biomed Pharmacother. 2000 Jun;54(5):274–278.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Damera G, Pham T-H, Zhang J, et al. A sputum proteomic signature that associates with increased il-1β levels and bacterial exacerbations of COPD. Lung. 2016 Jun;194(3):363–369.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ravi AK, Khurana S, Lemon J, et al. Increased levels of soluble interleukin-6 receptor and CCL3 in COPD sputum. Respir Res. 2014;15:1–10.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fritscher LG, Post M, Rodrigues MT, et al. Profile of eicosanoids in breath condensate in asthma and COPD. J Breath Res. 2012 Mar;6(2):026001–026005.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Antus B, Barta I. Relationship between exhaled nitric oxide and the frequency of severe acute exacerbation of COPD: 3-year follow-up. Acta Physiol Hung. 2013 Dec;100(4):469–477.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kunisaki KM, Rice KL, Janoff EN, et al. Exhaled nitric oxide, systemic inflammation, and the spirometric response to inhaled fluticasone propionate in severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a prospective study. Ther Adv Respir Dis. 2008 Apr;2(2):55–64.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• van der Schee MP, Palmay R, Cowan JO, et al. Predicting steroid responsiveness in patients with asthma using exhaled breath profiling. Clin Exp Allergy. 2013 Oct;43(11):1217–1225.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Basanta M, Ibrahim B, Dockry R, et al. Exhaled volatile organic compounds for phenotyping chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a cross-sectional study. Respir Res. 2012;13:72.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adamko DJ, Nair P, Mayers I, et al. Metabolomic profiling of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A pilot study differentiating diseases. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2015 Sep;136(3):571–573.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ubhi BK, Cheng KK, Dong J, et al. Targeted metabolomics identifies perturbations in amino acid metabolism that sub-classify patients with COPD. Mol Biosyst. 2012 Oct;8(12):3125–3133.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hospers JJ, Schouten JP, Weiss ST, et al. Asthma attacks with eosinophilia predict mortality from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in a general population sample. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1999 Dec;160(6):1869–1874.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vedel-Krogh S, Nielsen SF, Lange P, et al. Blood eosinophils and exacerbations in COPD. The Copenhagen General population study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 2016;193:965-974. ​
   Google Scholar
• Bafadhel M, McKenna S, Terry S, et al. Blood eosinophils to direct corticosteroid treatment of exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2012 Jul;186(1):48–55.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leigh R, Pizzichini MMM, Morris MM, et al. Stable COPD: predicting benefit from high-dose inhaled corticosteroid treatment. Eur Respir J. 2006 May;27(5):964–971.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brightling CE, Monteiro W, Ward R, et al. Sputum eosinophilia and short-term response to prednisolone in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2000 Oct;356(9240):1480–1485.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pompe E, van Rikxoort EM, Schmidt M, et al. Parametric response mapping adds value to current computed tomography biomarkers in diagnosing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2015 May;191(9):1084–1086.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haruna A, Muro S, Nakano Y, et al. CT scan findings of emphysema predict mortality in COPD. Chest. 2010 Sep;138(3):635–640.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Tho N, Ogawa E, Trang LTH, et al. A mixed phenotype of airway wall thickening and emphysema is associated with dyspnea and hospitalization for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Annals ATS. 2015 Jul;12(7):988–996.
   Google Scholar
• Galbán CJ, Han MK, Boes JL, et al. Computed tomography-based biomarker provides unique signature for diagnosis of COPD phenotypes and disease progression. Nat Med. 2012 Nov;18(11):1711–1715.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bhatt SP, Soler X, Wang X, et al. Association between functional small airway disease and FEV1 decline in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2016 Jul;194(2):178–184.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boes JL, Hoff BA, Bule M, et al. Parametric response mapping monitors temporal changes on lung CT scans in the subpopulations and intermediate outcome measures in COPD study (SPIROMICS). Acad Radiol. 2015 Feb;22(2):186–194.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kirby M, Pike D, Coxson HO, et al. Hyperpolarized 3He ventilation defects used to predict pulmonary exacerbations in mild to moderate chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Radiology. 2014 Jun;273(3):887–896.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pavord ID, Lettis S, Locantore N, et al. Blood eosinophils and inhaled corticosteroid/long-acting β-2 agonist efficacy in COPD. Thorax. 2016 Jan;71(2):118–125.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Negewo NA, McDonald VM, Baines KJ, et al. Peripheral blood eosinophils: a surrogate marker for airway eosinophilia in stable COPD. Copd. 2016;11:1495–1504.
   Google Scholar
• Barnes NC, Sharma R, Lettis S, et al. Blood eosinophils as a marker of response to inhaled corticosteroids in COPD. Eur Respir J. 2016 May;47(5):1374–1382.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pizzichini E, Pizzichini MMM, Efthimiadis AE, et al. Indices of airway inflammation in induced sputum: reproducibility and validity of cell and fluid-phase measurements. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1996;154:308–317.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nair P, Hargreave FE. Airway diseases, inflammometry and individualized therapy. In: Holgate ST, Polosa R, editors. Therapeutic strategies in asthma current treatments. Oxford: Clinical Publishing; 2007. p. 155–164.
   Google Scholar
• D’silva L, Gafni A, Thabane L, et al. Cost analysis of monitoring asthma treatment using sputum cell counts. Can Respir J. 2008;15(7):370–374.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Belda J, Leigh R, Parameswaran K, et al. Induced sputum cell counts in healthy adults. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2000 Feb;161:475–478.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vlachos-Mayer H, Leigh R, Sharon RF, et al. Success and safety of sputum induction in the clinical setting. Eur Respir J. 2000 Nov;16(5):997–1000.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dasgupta A, Neighbour H, Nair P. Targeted therapy of bronchitis in obstructive airway diseases. Pharmacol Ther. 2013 Dec;140(3):213–222.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nair P. Update on clinical inflammometry for the management of airway diseases. Can Respir J. 2013 Mar;20:117–120.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jayaram L, Parameswaran K, Sears MR, et al. Induced sputum cell counts: their usefulness in clinical practice. Eur Respir J. 2000 Jul;16(1):150–158.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parameswaran K, Anvari M, Efthimiadis AE, et al. Lipid-laden macrophages in induced sputum are a marker of oropharyngeal reflux and possible gastric aspiration. Eur Respir J. 2000 Dec;16(6):1119–1122.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fan VS, Niewoehner DE, Lew R. A comprehensive care management program to prevent chronic obstructive pulmonary disease hospitalizations. Ann Intern Med. 2012;157(7):530.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnson-Warrington V, Rees K, Gelder C, et al. Can a supported self-management program for COPD upon hospital discharge reduce readmissions? A randomized controlled trial. Copd. 2016;11:1161–1169.
   Google Scholar
• Hurst JR, Vestbo J, Anzueto A, et al. Susceptibility to exacerbation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. N Engl J Med. 2010 Sep;363(12):1128–1138.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Müllerova H, Maselli DJ, Locantore N, et al. Hospitalized exacerbations of COPD: risk factors and outcomes in the ECLIPSE cohort. Chest. 2015 Apr;147(4):999–1007.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singh D, Fox SM, Tal-Singer R, et al. Altered gene expression in blood and sputum in COPD frequent exacerbators in the ECLIPSE cohort. Plos ONE. 2014 Sep;9(9):e107381–e107389.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jayaram L, Pizzichini MMM, Cook RJ, et al. Determining asthma treatment by monitoring sputum cell counts: effect on exacerbations. Eur Respir J. 2006 Mar;27(3):483–494.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Siva R, Green RH, Brightling CE, et al. Eosinophilic airway inflammation and exacerbations of COPD: a randomised controlled trial. Eur Respir J. 2007 May;29(5):906–913.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McDonald VM, Higgins I, Wood LG, et al. Multidimensional assessment and tailored interventions for COPD: respiratory utopia or common sense? Thorax. 2013 Jun;68(7):691–694.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nair P, Hargreave FE. Measuring bronchitis in airway diseases: clinical implementation and application: airway hyperresponsiveness in asthma: its measurement and clinical significance. Chest. 2010 Aug;138(2 Suppl):38S–43S.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• D’silva L, Hassan N, Wang H-Y, et al. Heterogeneity of bronchitis in airway diseases in tertiary care clinical practice. Can Respir J. 2011 May;18(3):144–148.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leigh R, Sharon RF, Efthimiadis AE, et al. Diagnosis of left-ventricular dysfunction from induced sputum examination. Lancet. 1999 Sep;354(9181):833–834.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilson AM, Nair P, Hargreave FE, et al. Lipid and smoker’s inclusions in sputum macrophages in patients with airway diseases. Resp Med. 2011 Nov 1;105(11):1691–1695.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brightling CE, McKenna S, Hargadon B, et al. Sputum eosinophilia and the short term response to inhaled mometasone in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Thorax. 2005 Mar;60(3):193–198.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pizzichini E, Pizzichini MMM, Gibson PG, et al. Sputum eosinophilia predicts benefit from prednisone in smokers with chronic obstructive bronchitis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1998 Nov;158(5 Pt 1):1511–1517.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gibson PG, Saltos N, Fakes K. Acute anti-inflammatory effects of inhaled budesonide in asthma: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2001 Jan;163(1):32–36.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Belda J, Margarit G, Martinez C, et al. Anti-inflammatory effects of high-dose inhaled fluticasone versus oral prednisone in asthma exacerbations. Eur Respir J. 2007 Dec;30(6):1143–1149.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Papi A, Bellettato CM, Braccioni F, et al. Infections and airway inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease severe exacerbations. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2006 May 15;173(10):1114–1121.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Korevaar DA, Westerhof GA, Wang J, et al. Diagnostic accuracy of minimally invasive markers for detection of airway eosinophilia in asthma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Respir Med. 2015 Apr;3(4):290–300.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hinds DR, DiSantostefano RL, Le HV, et al. Identification of responders to inhaled corticosteroids in a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease population using cluster analysis. BMJ Open. 2016 Jun;6(6):e010099–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wedzicha JA, Banerji D, Chapman KR, et al. Indacaterol–Glycopyrronium versus Salmeterol–Fluticasone for COPD. N Engl J Med. 2016 Jun;374(23):2222–2234.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pizzichini MMM, Pizzichini E, Efthimiadis AE, et al. Asthma and natural colds. Inflammatory indices in induced sputum: a feasibility study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1998 Oct;158(4):1178–1184.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wark PAB, Johnston SL, Moric I, et al. Neutrophil degranulation and cell lysis is associated with clinical severity in virus-induced asthma. Eur Respir J. 2002 Jan;19(1):68–75.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Takada K, Matsumoto S, Kojima E, et al. Prospective evaluation of the relationship between acute exacerbations of COPD and gastroesophageal reflux disease diagnosed by questionnaire. Respir Med. 2011 Oct;105(10):1531–1536.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang H-Y, Dasgupta A, Lee K-A, et al. Changing pattern of sputum cell counts during successive exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Copd. 2015 Nov;12:628–635.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Suissa S, Patenaude V, Lapi F, et al. Number needed to treat in COPD: exacerbations versus pneumonias. Thorax. 2013 Jun;68(6):540–543.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walters JAE, Tan DJ, White CJ, et al. Systemic corticosteroids for acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014 Sep;1;(9:CD001288.
   Google Scholar
• Rutten FH, Cramer M-JM, Lammers J-WJ, et al. Heart failure and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: an ignored combination? Eur J Heart Fail. 2006 Oct;8(7):706–711.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Funk G-C, Lang I, Schenk P, et al. Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in patients with COPD in the presence and absence of elevated pulmonary arterial pressure. Chest. 2008 Jun;133(6):1354–1359.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rizkallah J, Man SFP, Sin DD. Prevalence of pulmonary embolism in acute exacerbations of COPD: a systematic review and metaanalysis. Chest. 2009 Mar;135(3):786–793.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Austin MA, Wills KE, Blizzard L, et al. Effect of high flow oxygen on mortality in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients in prehospital setting: randomised controlled trial. Bmj. 2010 Oct;341:c5462–2.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Plant PK, Owen JL, Elliott MW. One year period prevalence study of respiratory acidosis in acute exacerbations of COPD: implications for the provision of non-invasive ventilation and oxygen administration. Thorax. 2000 Jul;55(7):550–554.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nair P. Eosinophil targeted therapy of bronchitis in airway diseases. In: Rosenberg H, Lee J, editors. Elsevier, London: Eosinophils in health and disease. 2012. ​
   Google Scholar
• Palange P. Renal and hormonal abnormalities in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Thorax. 1998 Nov;53(11):989–991.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wolfe MG, Zhang Q, Hui C, et al. Development of a functional point-of-need diagnostic for myeloperoxidase detection to identify neutrophilic bronchitis. Analyst. 2016 Nov;141(23):6438–6443.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rank MA, Ochkur SI, Lewis JC, et al. Nasal and pharyngeal eosinophil peroxidase levels in adults with poorly controlled asthma correlate with sputum eosinophilia. Allergy. 2015;71(4):567–570.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dasgupta A, Kjarsgaard M, Capaldi D, et al. A pilot randomized clinical trial of mepolizumab in COPD with eosinophilic bronchitis. Eur Respir J. 2017;49(3):pii:1602486.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brightling CE, Bleecker ER, Panettieri RA, et al. Benralizumab for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and sputum eosinophilia: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2a study. Lancet Respir Med. 2014 Nov;2(11):891–901.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar