References
- Papi A, Brightling C, Pedersen SE, et al. Asthma. Lancet. 2018;391(10122):783–800.
- Vos T, Flaxman AD, Naghavi M, et al. Years lived with disability (YLDs) for 1160 sequelae of 289 diseases and injuries 1990-2010: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2010. Lancet. 2012;380(9859):2163–2196.
- Asthma UK. Asthma facts and statistics. 2017. [cited 2019 Mar 20]. Available from: https://www.asthma.org.uk/about/media/facts-and-statistics/
- Lopez-Campos JL, Tan W, Soriano JB. Global burden of COPD. Respirology. 2016;21(1):14–23.
- British Lung Foundation. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). statistics; 2017. Available from: https://statistics.blf.org.uk/copd
- Burney PG, Patel J, Newson R, et al. Global and regional trends in COPD mortality, 1990-2010. Eur Respir J. 2015;45(5):1239–1247.
- Ntritsos G, Franek J, Belbasis L, et al. Gender-specific estimates of COPD prevalence: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis. 2018;13:1507–1514.
- Healthier Scotland - Scottish Government – COPD best practice guide. [cited 2019 Mar 20]. Available from: file:///C:/Users/mail/Downloads/00527135.pdf.
- Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease. POCKET GUIDE TO COPD DIAGNOSIS, MANAGEMENT, AND PREVENTION. A guide for health care professionals. 2017. [cited 2019 Mar 19]. Available from: https://goldcopd.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/wms-GOLD-2017-Pocket-Guide.pdf.
- Miravitlles M, Vogelmeier C, Roche N, et al. A review of national guidelines for management of COPD in Europe. Eur Respir J. 2016;47(2):625–637.
- Global Initiative for Asthma. Global strategy for asthma management and prevention. Updated 2018. [cited 2019 Mar 21]. Available from: file:///C:/Users/mail/Downloads/wms-GINA-2018-report-V1.3-002.pdf.
- NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR HEALTH AND CARE EXCELLENCE. Guideline chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in over 16s: diagnosis and management. Draft for consultation, July 2018. [cited 2019 Mar 23]. Available from: https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/gid-ng10026/documents/short-version-of-draft-guideline
- NICE Guideline NG80. Asthma: diagnosis, monitoring and chronic asthma management. November 2017. [cited 2019 Mar 20]. Available from: https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng80.
- Campbell SM, Reeves D, Kontopantelis E, et al. Effects of pay for performance on the quality of primary care in England. N Engl J Med. 2009;361(4):368–378.
- NICE quality and outcomes framework indicator – asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. [cited 2019 Mar 29]. Available from: https://www.nice.org.uk/standards-and-indicators/qofindicators.
- SIGN 153. British guideline on the management of asthma. September 2016. [cited 2019 Mar 18]. Available from: https://www.sign.ac.uk/assets/sign153.pdf
- NHS Quality Improvement Scotland. Clinical Standards. March 2010. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease services. [cited 2019 Mar 18]. Available from: file:///C:/Users/mail/Downloads/COPD_STANF_MAR10.pdf.
- NHS Scotland, The Scottish Government. Respiratory prescribing strategy 2014 to 2016. June 2014. [cited 2019 Mar 20]. Available from: https://www.sehd.scot.nhs.uk/cmo/CMO(2014)14-Respiratory%20Prescribing%20Strategy%20June%202014.pdf.
- Principles of Prescribing in Adult Asthma 2018 March. [cited 2019 Mar 20]. Available from: http://foi.nhsgrampian.org/globalassets/foidocument/foi-public-documents1—all-documents/nhsgmcn_asthma.pdf.
- NHS Grampian respiratory MCN – principles of prescribing inhaled therapies in COPD. March 2018. [cited 2019 Mar 21]. Available from: file:///C:/Users/mail/Desktop/My%20documents/Ongoing%20papers/Scotland%20Respiratory/nhsgmcn_copd.pdf.
- GOLD. Teaching slide set. 2018. [cited 2019 Mar 21]. Available from: https://goldcopd.org/gold-teaching-slide-set/.
- Tricco AC, Strifler L, Veroniki AA, et al. Comparative safety and effectiveness of long-acting inhaled agents for treating chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. BMJ Open. 2015;5(10):e009183.
- Welsh EJ, Cates CJ, Poole P. Combination inhaled steroid and long-acting beta2-agonist versus tiotropium for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2010(5):Cd007891.
- Nannini L, Cates CJ, Lasserson TJ, et al. Combined corticosteroid and long-acting beta-agonist in one inhaler versus placebo for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2007(4):Cd003794.
- Puhan MA, Bachmann LM, Kleijnen J, et al. Inhaled drugs to reduce exacerbations in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a network meta-analysis. BMC Med. 2009;7:2.
- Calverley P, Pauwels R, Vestbo J, et al. Combined salmeterol and fluticasone in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2003;361(9356):449–456.
- Calverley PM, Anderson JA, Celli B, et al. Salmeterol and fluticasone propionate and survival in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. N Engl J Med. 2007;356(8):775–789.
- Chan R, Sousa AR, Hynds P, et al. Assessment of the efficacy and safety of fluticasone propionate and salmeterol delivered as a combination dry powder via a capsule-based inhaler versus a multi-dose inhaler in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Pulm Pharmacol Ther. 2017;43:12–19.
- Jones R, Martin J, Thomas V, et al. The comparative effectiveness of initiating fluticasone/salmeterol combination therapy via pMDI versus DPI in reducing exacerbations and treatment escalation in COPD: a UK database study. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis. 2017;12:2445–2454.
- Yatera KYK, Nishida C, Noguchi S, et al. Real-world effects of two inhaled corticosteroid/long-acting b2-agonist combinations in the treatment of asthma. J Asthma. 2014;51(7):762–768.
- Altaf M, Zubedi AM, Nazneen F, et al. Cost-effectiveness analysis of three different combinations of inhalers for severe and very severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients at a tertiary care teaching hospital of South India. Perspect Clin Res. 2015;6(3):150–158.
- Kern DM, Davis J, Williams SA, et al. Comparative effectiveness of budesonide/formoterol combination and fluticasone/salmeterol combination among chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients new to controller treatment: a US administrative claims database study. Respir Res. 2015;16:52.
- Roman-Rodriguez M, Metting E, Gacia-Pardo M, et al. Wrong inhalation technique is associated to poor asthma clinical outcomes. Is there room for improvement? Curr Opin Pulm Med. 2019;25(1):18–26.
- Chrystyn H, van der Palen J, Sharma R, et al. Device errors in asthma and COPD: systematic literature review and meta-analysis. NPJ Prim Care Respir Med. 2017;27(1):22.
- Ozturk C, Aldag Y, Yilmaz Demirci N. Evaluation and importance of different types of inhaler device in patients with chronic obstructive lung disease. Tuberk Toraks. 2017;65(2):69–79.
- Virchow JC, Crompton GK, Dal Negro R, et al. Importance of inhaler devices in the management of airway disease. Respir Med. 2008;102(1):10–19.
- Sanchis J, Gich I, Pedersen S. Systematic review of errors in inhaler use: has patient technique improved over time? Chest. 2016;150(2):394–406.
- Lewis A, Torvinen S, Dekhuijzen PN, et al. The economic burden of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and the impact of poor inhalation technique with commonly prescribed dry powder inhalers in three European countries. BMC Health Serv Res. 2016;16:251.
- NHS Lothian. Lothian prescribing bulletin issue No. 79 May 2016. Formulary changes to improve care: asthma and COPD. [cited 2019 Mar 18]. Available from: http://www.ljf.scot.nhs.uk/PrescribingBulletins/Prescribing%20Bulletins/Lothian%20Prescribing%20Bulletin%20Issue%2079%20May%202016%20v2%20resp%20amend.pdf
- NHS greater glasgow and clyde. Clinical guideline. Asthma preferred list inhaler device guide (Primary and Secondary care). 2016 [cited 2017 Nov]. Available from: http://www.nhsggc.org.uk/media/245912/asthma-inhaler-device-preferred-list.pdf
- NHS greater glasgow and clyde. Greater glasgow and clyde medicines. Medicines update asthma/COPD inhalers of choice. 2018. [cited 2019 Mar 20]. Available from: http://www.ggcprescribing.org.uk/blog/asthma-copd-inhalers-choice/
- Leporowski A, Godman B, Kurdi A, et al. Ongoing activities to optimize the quality and efficiency of lipid-lowering agents in the Scottish national health service: influence and implications. Expert Rev Pharmacoecon Outcomes Res. 2018;18(6):655–666.
- Godman B, Bishop I, Finlayson AE, et al. Reforms and initiatives in Scotland in recent years to encourage the prescribing of generic drugs, their influence and implications for other countries. Expert Rev Pharmacoecon Outcomes Res. 2013;13(4):469–482.
- Godman B, Kurdi A, McCabe H, et al. Ongoing activities to influence the prescribing of proton pump inhibitors within the Scottish National Health Service: their effect and implications. GaBI J. 2018;7(4):142–151.
- Haughney J, Price D, Barnes NC, et al. Choosing inhaler devices for people with asthma: current knowledge and outstanding research needs. Respir Med. 2010;104(9):1237–1245.
- Klijn SL, Hiligsmann M, Evers S, et al. Effectiveness and success factors of educational inhaler technique interventions in asthma & COPD patients: a systematic review. NPJ Prim Care Respir Med. 2017;27(1):24.
- Normansell R, Kew KM, Mathioudakis AG. Interventions to improve inhaler technique for people with asthma. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017;3:Cd012286.
- Lopez-Vina A, Giner J, Molina J, et al. Multidisciplinary consensus on the nonadherence to clinical management of inhaled therapy in Spanish asthma patients. Clin Ther. 2017;39(8):1730–45.e1.
- Price D, Keininger DL, Viswanad B, et al. Factors associated with appropriate inhaler use in patients with COPD – lessons from the REAL survey. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis. 2018;13:695–702.
- Dal Negro RW, Povero M. The economic impact of educational training assessed by the handling questionnaire with three inhalation devices in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients. Clinicon Econ Outcomes Res. 2016;8:171–176.
- Bjornsdottir US, Gizurarson S, Sabale U. Potential negative consequences of non-consented switch of inhaled medications and devices in asthma patients. Int J Clin Pract. 2013;67(9):904–910.
- Lavorini F, Ninane V, Haughney J. Switching from branded to generic inhaled medications: potential impact on asthma and COPD. Expert Opin Drug Deliv. 2013;10(12):1597–1602.
- Godman B, Kurdi A, McCabe H, et al. Ongoing initiatives within the Scottish national health service to affect the prescribing of SSRIs and their influence. J Comp Eff Res. 2019;8(7):535-547.
- Bennie M, Godman B, Bishop I, Campbell S. Multiple initiatives continue to enhance the prescribing efficiency for the proton pump inhibitors and statins in Scotland. Expert review of pharmacoeconomics & outcomes research. 2012;12(1):125-30
- Community dispensing: prescription cost analysis 2018 July. [cited 2019 Mar 18]. Available from: http://isdscotland.org/Health-Topics/Prescribing-and-Medicines/Community-Dispensing/Prescription-Cost-Analysis/.
- BNF. Authoritative and practical. 2018. [cited 2019 Mar 18]. Available from: https://www.bnf.org/
- NHS Scotland. National therapeutic indicators. 2012 – baseline data. [cited 2019 Mar 20]. Available from: http://www.sehd.scot.nhs.uk/pca/PCA2012(M)08report.pdf.
- WHO. WHO collaborating centre for drug statistics methodology. ATC/DDD Index. [cited 2019 Mar 6]. Available from: https://www.whocc.no/[
- NHS Scotland. The Scottish Government. National therapeutic indicators 2013 – baseline report. [cited 2019 Mar 10]. Available from: file:///C:/Users/mail/Desktop/My%20documents/Ongoing%20papers/Scotland%20PPIs/National%20Therapeutic%20Indicators%20Scotland%202013.pdf.
- Wettermark B, Godman B, Jacobsson B, et al. Soft regulations in pharmaceutical policy making: an overview of current approaches and their consequences. Applied health economics and health policy. Appl Health Econ Health Policy. 2009;7(3):137–147.
- Godman B, Shrank W, Andersen M, et al. Policies to enhance prescribing efficiency in europe: findings and future implications. Frontiers in pharmacology. 2010;1:141.
- Godman B, Shrank W, Andersen M, et al. Comparing policies to enhance prescribing efficiency in Europe through increasing generic utilization: changes seen and global implications. Expert Rev Pharmacoecon Outcomes Res. 2010;10(6):707–722.
- Moon JC, Godman B, Petzold M, et al. Different initiatives across Europe to enhance losartan utilization post generics: impact and implications. Front Pharmacol. 2014;5:219.
- Garuoliene K, Godman B, Gulbinovic J, et al. European countries with small populations can obtain low prices for drugs: Lithuania as a case history. Expert Rev Pharmacoecon Outcomes Res. 2011;11(3):343–349.
- Godman B, Burkhardt T, Bucsics A, et al. Impact of recent reforms in Austria on utilization and expenditure of PPIs and lipid-lowering drugs: implications for the future. Expert Rev Pharmacoecon Outcomes Res. 2009;9(5):475–484.
- Godman B, Wettermark B, Hoffmann M, et al. Multifaceted national and regional drug reforms and initiatives in ambulatory care in Sweden: global relevance. Expert Rev Pharmacoecon Outcomes Res. 2009;9(1):65–83.
- Martikainen JE, Saastamoinen LK, Korhonen MJ, et al. Impact of restricted reimbursement on the use of statins in Finland: a register-based study. Med Care. 2010;48(9):761–766.
- Audit Scotland. Prescribing in general practice in Scotland. 2013. [cited 2019 Mar 10]. Available from: file:///C:/Users/mail/Desktop/My%20documents/Strathclyde/Alec%20and%20high%20price%20medicines/Lipid%20lowering%20paper/Audit%20Scotland%202013.pdf.
- Audit Scotland. Supporting prescribing in general practice – a progress report. 2003 June. [cited 2019 Mar 12]. Available from: http://www.audit-scotland.gov.uk/docs/health/2003/nr_030626_supporting_prescribing_km.pdf.
- NHS Scotland. National therapeutic indicators 2014/2015. [cited 2019 Mar 18]. Available from: http://www.sehd.scot.nhs.uk/publications/DC20141201nti.pdf
- NHS Scotland. National therapeutic indicators 2015/2016. [cited 2019 Mar 18]. Available from: file:///C:/Users/mail/Desktop/My%20documents/Ongoing%20papers/Scotland%20PPIs/Therapeutic%20indicators%202015%20to%202016.pdf.
- NHS Scotland Greater Glasgow and Clyde. National therapeutic indicators 2017-18. [cited 2019 Mar 10]. Available from: http://www.ggcmedicines.org.uk/media/uploads/ps_primary_care/mupc__april_2017.pdf
- NHS Scotland Greater Glasgow and Clyde. Respiratory inhalers identification guide. 2013 September. [cited 2019 Mar 12]. Available from: http://www.ggcprescribing.org.uk/media/uploads/prescribing_resources/inhaler_indentification_guide_-_1310.pdf.
- Audit Scotland. NHS in Scotland 2016. [cited 2019 Mar 12]. Available from: http://www.audit-scotland.gov.uk/uploads/docs/report/2016/nr_161027_nhs_overview.pdf.
- The Scottish Government. Improving health & wellbeing of people with long term conditions in Scotland: a national action plan. 2009 June. [cited 2019 Mar 10]. Available from: https://www.sehd.scot.nhs.uk/mels/CEL2009_23.pdf.
- NHS Lothian. Lothian chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) guidelines. 2010 March. [cited 2019 Mar 18]. Available from: http://www.lothianrespiratorymcn.scot.nhs.uk/wp-content/uploads/2009/05/Lothian-COPD-Guidelines2.pdf.
- NHS Lothian respiratory managed clinical network 2014 to 2015. [cited 2019 Mar 12]. Available from: http://www.lothianrespiratorymcn.scot.nhs.uk/.
- NHS Tayside. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) guidelines. 2014. [cited 2019 Mar 18]. Availabel from: https://www.nhstaysideadtc.scot.nhs.uk/TAPG%20html/Section%203/PDF%20docs/COPD%20guidelines.pdf.
- NHS GGC Primary Care COPD guideline. [cited 2013 September]. Available from: http://library.nhsggc.org.uk/media/223647/COPD%20guidelines.pdf.
- Asthma UK. UK Inhaler Group’s joint statement on Duaklir® (aclidinium/formoterol fumarate) Genuair® packaging change. [cited 2019 Mar 25]. Available from: https://www.asthma.org.uk/about/media/news/uk-inhaler-groups-joint-statement-on-duaklir-aclidinium–formoterol-fumarate-genuair-packaging-change/.
- Lavorini F, Braido F, Baiardini I, et al. Asthma and COPD: interchangeable use of inhalers. A document of Italian Society of Allergy, Asthma and Clinical Immmunology (SIAAIC) & Italian Society of Respiratory Medicine (SIMeR). Pulm Pharmacol Ther. 2015;34:25–30.
- Bell C, Coutinho A, Farr E. Clinical and economic outcomes associated with the use of fluticasone propionate 250 mcg and salmeterol 50 mcg combination versus tiotropium bromide 18 mcg as initial maintenance treatment for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in managed care. J Med Econ. 2018;21(6):8–629.