312
Views
3
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Review

Management of COPD patients during COVID: difficulties and experiences

ORCID Icon, , ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon &
Pages 1025-1033 | Received 18 Jan 2021, Accepted 10 May 2021, Published online: 19 May 2021

References

  • Sin DD. COVID-19 in COPD: a growing concern. EClinicalMedicine. 2020;26:100546.
  • Halpin DMG, Criner GJ, Papi A, et al., Global initiative for the diagnosis, management, and prevention of chronic obstructive lung disease. The 2020 GOLD science committee report on COVID-19 and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 203(1): 24–36. 2021.
  • Rabbani G, Shariful Islam SM, Rahman MA, et al. Pre-existing COPD is associated with an increased risk of mortality and severity in COVID-19: a rapid systematic review and meta-analysis. Expert Rev Respir Med. 2021;15(5):705–716.
  • Shastri MD, Shukla SD, Chong WC, et al. Smoking and COVID-19: what we know so far. Respir Med. 2020;176:106237.
  • World Health Organization. Tobacco users may be at an increased risk of #COVID19, both in Contracting the Disease and Complications. [cited 2020 Dec 22]. Available from: https://twitter.com/WHO_Europe/status/1257255102634745857
  • Samavati L, Uhal BD. ACE2, much more than just a receptor for SARS-COV-2. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2020;10:317.
  • Smith JC, Sausville EL, Girish V, et al. Cigarette smoke exposure and inflammatory signaling increase the expression of the SARS-CoV-2 receptor ACE2 in the respiratory tract. Dev Cell. 2020;53(5):514–529.
  • Scialo F, Daniele A, Amato F, et al., ACE2: the major cell entry receptor for SARS-CoV-2. Lung. 198(6): 867–877. 2020.
  • Tomchaney M, Contoli M, Mayo J, et al. Paradoxical effects of cigarette smoke and COPD on SARS-CoV2 infection and disease. bioRxiv. 2020. 10.1101/2020.12.07.413252.. Preprint.
  • González-Rubio J, Navarro-López C, López-Nájera E, et al. A systematic review and meta-analysis of hospitalised current smokers and COVID-19. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(20):7394.
  • Gonzalez-Rubio J, Navarro-Lopez C, Lopez-Najera E, et al. Cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and nicotine in COVID-19 patients: trying to calm the storm. Front Immunol. 2020;11:1359.
  • Bevelacqua JJ, Masoompour SM, Mortazavi SAR, et al. Why do some reports claim that the number of COVID-19 hospitalized smokers is smaller than expected? J Biomed Phys Eng. 2020;10(5):659–662.
  • Patanavanich R, Glantz SA. Smoking Is associated with COVID-19 progression: a meta-analysis. Nicotine Tob Res. 2020;22(9):1653–1656.
  • Liu A, Zhang X, Li R, et al. Overexpression of the SARS-CoV-2 receptor ACE2 is induced by cigarette smoke in bronchial and alveolar epithelia. J Pathol. 2021;253(1):17–30.
  • Leung JM, Yang CX, Tam A, et al. ACE-2 expression in the small airway epithelia of smokers and COPD patients: implications for COVID-19. Eur Respir J. 2020;55(5):2000688.
  • Hoffmann M, Kleine-Weber H, Schroeder S, et al. SARS-CoV-2 cell entry depends on ACE2 and TMPRSS2 and is blocked by a clinically proven protease inhibitor. Cell. 2020;181(2):271–280.
  • Saheb Sharif-Askari N, Saheb Sharif-Askari F, Alabed M, et al. Airways expression of SARS-CoV-2 receptor, ACE2, and TMPRSS2 is lower in children than adults and increases with smoking and COPD. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev. 2020;18:1–6.
  • Yin J, Kasper B, Petersen F, et al. Association of cigarette smoking, COPD, and lung cancer with expression of SARS-CoV-2 entry genes in human airway epithelial cells. Front Med. 2020;7:619453.
  • Hsu AC, Parsons K, Moheimani F, et al. Impaired antiviral stress granule and IFN-β enhanceosome formation enhances susceptibility to Influenza Infection in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease epithelium. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 2016;55(1):117–127.
  • Higham A, Mathioudakis A, Vestbo J, et al., COVID-19 and COPD: a narrative review of the basic science and clinical outcomes. Eur Respir Rev. 29(158): 200199. 2020.
  • Sharma P, Pandey AK, Bhattacharyya DK. Determining crucial genes associated with COVID-19 based on COPD findings. Comput Biol Med. 2021;128:104126.
  • Dong W, Zhu Y, Du Y, et al. Association between features of COPD and risk of venous thromboembolism. Clin Respir J. 2019;13(8):499–504.
  • Dobesh PP, Trujillo TC. Coagulopathy, venous thromboembolism, and anticoagulation in patients with COVID-19. Pharmacotherapy. 2020;40(11):1130–1151.
  • Bikdeli B, Madhavan MV, Jimenez D, et al., COVID-19 and thrombotic or thromboembolic disease: implications for prevention, antithrombotic therapy, and follow-up: JACC state-of-the-art review. J Am Coll Cardiol. 75(23): 2950–2973. 2020.
  • Attaway A, Hatipoğlu U. Management of patients with COPD during the COVID-19 pandemic. Cleve Clin J Med. 2020. 10.3949/ccjm.87a.ccc007.
  • Simons SO, Hurst JR, Miravitlles M, et al., Caring for patients with COPD and COVID-19: a viewpoint to spark discussion. Thorax. 75(12): 1035–1039. 2020.
  • Hu W, Dong M, Xiong M, et al. Clinical courses and outcomes of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease during the COVID-19 epidemic in Hubei, China. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis. 2020;15:2237–2248.
  • Chan KPF, Ma TF, Kwok WC, et al. Significant reduction in hospital admissions for acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Hong Kong during coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. Respir Med. 2020;171:106085.
  • Tan JY, Conceicao EP, Wee LE, et al. COVID-19 public health measures: a reduction in hospital admissions for COPD exacerbations. Thorax. 2020. DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2020-216083.
  • Tal-Singer R, Crapo JD. COPD at the time of COVID-19: a COPD Foundation perspective. Chronic Obstr Pulm Dis. 2020;7(2):73–75.
  • Pleguezuelos E, Del Carmen A, Moreno E, et al. <p>The experience of COPD patients in lockdown due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis. 2020;15:2621–2627.
  • Wu F, Zhou Y, Wang Z, et al. Clinical characteristics of COVID-19 infection in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a multicenter, retrospective, observational study. J Thorac Dis. 2020;12(5):1811–1823.
  • Lippi G, Henry BM. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is associated with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Respir Med. 2020;167:105941.
  • Guan WJ, Liang WH, Zhao Y, et al. Comorbidity and its impact on 1590 patients with COVID-19 in China: a nationwide analysis. Eur Respir J. 2020;55(5):2000547.
  • Attaway AA, Zein J, Hatipoğlu US. SARS-CoV-2 infection in the COPD population is associated with increased healthcare utilization: an analysis of Cleveland clinic’s COVID-19 registry. EClinicalMedicine. 2020;26:100515.
  • Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease. GOLD COVID-19 guidance. [cited 2020 Dec 22]. Available from: https://goldcopd.org/gold-covid-19-guidance/
  • Bhutani M, Hernandez P, Bourbeau J, et al. Addressing therapeutic questions to help Canadian health care professionals optimize COPD management for their patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. Can Respir, Crit Care, and Sleep Med. 2020;4(2):77–80.
  • Cazzola M, Rogliani P, Stolz D, et al. Pharmacological treatment and current controversies in COPD. F1000Res. 2019;8:F1000. Faculty Rev–1533
  • Vasanthakumar N. Can beta-adrenergic blockers be used in the treatment of COVID-19? Med Hypotheses. 2020;142:109809.
  • Elbeddini A, Tayefehchamani Y, Yang L. Strategies to conserve salbutamol pressurized metered-dose inhaler stock levels amid COVID-19 drug shortage. Drugs Ther Perspect. 2020. DOI:10.1007/s40267-020-00759-1.
  • Elbeddini A, Yeats A. Amid COVID-19 drug shortages: proposed plan for reprocessing and reusing salbutamol pressurized metered dose inhalers (pMDIs) for shared use. Drugs Ther Perspect. 2020. 10.1007/s40267-020-00740-y.
  • Beck BR, Shin B, Choi Y, et al. Predicting commercially available antiviral drugs that may act on the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) through a drug-target interaction deep learning model. Comput Struct Biotechnol J. 2020;18:784–790.
  • Sarma P, Shekhar N, Prajapat M, et al. In-silico homology assisted identification of inhibitor of RNA binding against 2019-nCoV N-protein (N terminal domain). J Biomol Struct Dyn. 2020. 10.1080/07391102.2020.1753580.
  • Choi JC, Jung SY, Yoon UA, et al. Inhaled corticosteroids and COVID-19 risk and mortality: a nationwide cohort study. J Clin Med. 2020;9(11):3406.
  • Finney LJ, Glanville N, Farne H, et al. Inhaled corticosteroids downregulate the SARS-CoV-2 receptor ACE2 in COPD through suppression of type I interferon. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2020;147(2):510–519.e5.
  • Rogliani P, Lauro D, Di Daniele N, et al. Reduced risk of COVID-19 hospitalization in asthmatic and COPD patients: a benefit of inhaled corticosteroids? Expert Rev Respir Med. 2020. 10.1080/17476348.2021.1850275..
  • Schultze A, Walker AJ, MacKenna B, et al., Risk of COVID-19-related death among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or asthma prescribed inhaled corticosteroids: an observational cohort study using the OpenSAFELY platform. Lancet Respir Med. 8(11): 1106–1120. 2020.
  • Halpin DMG, Singh D, Hadfield RM. Inhaled corticosteroids and COVID-19: a systematic review and clinical perspective. Eur Respir J. 2020;55(5):2001009.
  • Ari A. Use of aerosolised medications at home for COVID-19. Lancet Respir Med. 2020;8(8):754–756.
  • Sockrider M, Tal-Singer R. Managing your chronic lung disease during the COVID-19 pandemic. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2020;202(2):P5–6.
  • Cazzola M, Ora J, Bianco A, et al. Guidance on nebulization during the current COVID-19 pandemic. Respir Med. 2020;176:106236.
  • Shah CA. Can roflumilast become steroid-sparing alternative in the treatment of COVID-19? Med Hypotheses. 2020;144:110246.
  • Sharma G, Champalal Sharma D, Hwei Fen L, et al. Reduction of influenza virus-induced lung inflammation and mortality in animals treated with a phosophodisestrase-4 inhibitor and a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor. Emerg Microbes Infect. 2013;2(1):e54.
  • Hu F, Jiang J, Yin P. Prediction of potential commercially inhibitors against SARS-CoV-2 by multi-task deep model. arXiv Preprint. 2020;arXiv:2003.00728.
  • Cui Y, Luo L, Li C, et al. Long-term macrolide treatment for the prevention of acute exacerbations in COPD: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis. 2018;13:3813–3829.
  • Qiu S, Zhong X. Macrolides: a promising pharmacologic therapy for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Ther Adv Respir Dis. 2017;128(3):147–155.
  • Echeverría-Esnal D, Martin-Ontiyuelo C, Navarrete-Rouco ME, et al. Azithromycin in the treatment of COVID-19: a review. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther. 2020. 10.1080/14787210.2020.1813024..
  • Bakadia BM, He F, Souho T, et al. Prevention and treatment of COVID-19: focus on interferons, chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine, azithromycin, and vaccine. Biomed Pharmacother. 2021;133:111008.
  • Poschet JF, Perkett EA, Timmins GS, et al. Azithromycin and ciprofloxacin have a chloroquine-like effect on respiratory epithelial cells. bioRxiv. 2020. 10.1101/2020.03.29.008631.. Preprint.
  • Gautret P, Lagier JC, Parola P, et al. Hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin as a treatment of COVID-19: results of an open-label non-randomized clinical trial. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2020;56(1):105949.
  • Lighter J, Raabe V. Azithromycin should not be used to treat COVID-19. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2020;7(6):ofaa207.
  • Rogliani P, Matera MG, Page C, et al. Efficacy and safety profile of mucolytic/antioxidant agents in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a comparative analysis across erdosteine, carbocysteine, and N-acetylcysteine. Respir Res. 2019;20(1):104.
  • Cazzola M, Calzetta L, Page C, et al. Thiol-based drugs in pulmonary medicine: much more than mucolytics. Trends Pharmacol Sci. 2019;40(7):452–463.
  • De Flora S, Balansky R, La Maestra S. Rationale for the use of N-acetylcysteine in both prevention and adjuvant therapy of COVID-19. FASEB J. 2020;34(10):13185–13193.
  • Russell CD, Millar JE, Baillie JK. Clinical evidence does not support corticosteroid treatment for 2019-nCoV lung injury. Lancet. 2020;395(10223):473–475.
  • Wedzicha JA, Seemungal TA. COPD exacerbations: defining their cause and prevention. Lancet. 2007;370(9589):786–796.
  • Horby P, Lim WS, Emberson JR, et al. Dexamethasone in hospitalized patients with Covid-19 - preliminary report. N Engl J Med. 2021;384(8):693–704.
  • Inoue H, Jinno M, Ohta S, et al. Combination treatment of short-course systemic corticosteroid and favipiravir in a successfully treated case of critically ill COVID-19 pneumonia with COPD. Respiratory Medicine Case reports. 2020;31:101200.
  • Dabbous HM, Abd-Elsalam S, El-Sayed MH, et al. Efficacy of favipiravir in COVID-19 treatment: a multi-center randomized study. Arch Virol. 2021;166(3):949–954.
  • Seaton RA, Gibbons CL, Cooper L, et al. Survey of antibiotic and antifungal prescribing in patients with suspected and confirmed COVID-19 in Scottish hospitals. J Infect. 2020;15(6):952–960.
  • Shi Z, Puyo CA. <p>N-Acetylcysteine to Combat COVID-19: an evidence review. Ther Clin Risk Manag. 2020;16:1047–1055.
  • Clini EM, Ambrosino N. Nonpharmacological treatment and relief of symptoms in COPD. Eur Respir J. 2008;32(1):218–228.
  • Corn J, Malanga E, Pruitt K. What to do when pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) is unavailable. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2020;201(11):PP25–26.
  • Bourne S, DeVos R, North M, et al. Online versus face-to-face pulmonary rehabilitation for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open. 2017;7(7):e014580.
  • Demoule A, Vieillard Baron A, Darmon M, et al., High-flow nasal cannula in critically iII patients with severe COVID-19. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 202(7): 1039–1042. 2020.
  • Lim ZJ, Subramaniam A, Ponnapa Reddy M, et al. Case fatality rates for patients with COVID-19 requiring invasive mechanical ventilation. A meta-analysis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2021;203(1):54–66.
  • De Blasio F, Di Gregorio A, De Blasio F, et al. Malnutrition and sarcopenia assessment in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease according to international diagnostic criteria, and evaluation of raw BIA variables. Respir Med. 2018;134:1–5.
  • Barazzoni R, Bischoff SC, Breda J, et al. ESPEN expert statements and practical guidance for nutritional management of individuals with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Clin Nutr. 2020;176(6):1631–1638.
  • Kouri A, Gupta S, Yadollahi A, et al. Addressing reduced laboratory-based pulmonary function testing during a pandemic. Chest. 2020;158(6):2502–2510.
  • Task force of pulmonary function testing and clinical respiratory physiology, Chinese association of chest physicians; pulmonary function testing group, respiratory therapeutics group, Chinese thoracic society. Expert consensus on pulmonary function testing during the epidemic of coronavirus disease [Article in Chinese]. Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi. 2020;43(4):302-307.
  • Hull JH, Lloyd JK, Cooper BG. Lung function testing in the COVID-19 endemic. Lancet Respir Med. 2020;8(7):666–667.
  • Segreti A, Stirpe E, Rogliani P, et al. Defining phenotypes in COPD: an aid to personalized healthcare. Mol Diagn Ther. 2014;18(4):381–388.
  • Lee AC, Chakladar J, Li WT, et al. Tobacco, but not nicotine and flavor-less electronic cigarettes, induces ACE2 and immune dysregulation. Int J Mol Sci. 2020;21(15):5513.
  • Tang XJ, Xi XH, Chen CC, et al. Long-term follow-up of 5 survivors after the first outbreak of human infections with avian influenza A(H7N9) virus in Shanghai, China. Chin Med J (Engl). 2016;129(17):2128–2130.
  • Zhang P, Li J, Liu H, et al. Long-term bone and lung consequences associated with hospital-acquired severe acute respiratory syndrome: a 15-year follow-up from a prospective cohort study. Bone Res. 2020;8(1):8.
  • Zhao YM, Shang YM, Song WB, et al. Follow-up study of the pulmonary function and related physiological characteristics of COVID-19 survivors three months after recovery. EClinicalMedicine. 2020;25:100463.
  • Figueira Gonçalves JM, Golpe R. Retos clínicos en pacientes con enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica que han sufrido una infección por SARS-CoV-2. Med Clin (Barc). 2020;155(4):162–164.
  • Figueira Gonçalves JM, García-Talavera I, Golpe R, et al. [Post-COVID syndrome in the patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a Trojan horse?]. Semergen. 2020;47(2):136–137.
  • Goërtz YMJ, Van Herck M, Delbressine JM, et al. Persistent symptoms 3 months after a SARS-CoV-2 infection: the post-COVID-19 syndrome? ERJ Open Res. 2020;6(4):00542–2020.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.