302
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Review

New paradigm in the treatment of myositis-associated interstitial lung disease

ORCID Icon & ORCID Icon
Pages 397-411 | Received 20 Mar 2023, Accepted 15 May 2023, Published online: 24 May 2023

References

  • Lundberg IE, Tjärnlund A, Bottai M, et al. European league against rheumatism/American college of rheumatology classification criteria for adult and juvenile idiopathic inflammatory myopathies and their major subgroups. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2017;69(12):2271–2282.
  • Isenberg DA, Allen E, Farewell V, et al. International consensus outcome measures for patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies. Development and initial validation of myositis activity and damage indices in patients with adult onset disease. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2004 Jan;43(1):49–54.
  • Zampieri S, Valente M, Adami N, et al. Polymyositis, dermatomyositis and malignancy: a further intriguing link. Autoimmun Rev. 2010 Apr;9(6):449–453. doi:10.1016/j.autrev.2009.12.005.
  • Marie I. Morbidity and mortality in adult polymyositis and dermatomyositis. Curr Rheumatol Rep. 2012 Jun;14(3):275–285. DOI:10.1007/s11926-012-0249-3.
  • Gono T, Kuwana M. Inflammatory myopathies: choosing the right biomarkers to predict ILD in myositis. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2016 Sep;12(9):504–506. DOI:10.1038/nrrheum.2016.120
  • Kondoh Y, Makino S, Ogura T, et al. 2020 guide for the diagnosis and treatment of interstitial lung disease associated with connective tissue disease. Respir Investig. 2021 Nov; 59(6):709–740.
  • Lundberg IE. Expert perspective: management of refractory inflammatory myopathy. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2021 Aug;73(8):1394–1407. DOI:10.1002/art.41762
  • Oldroyd AGS, Lilleker JB, Amin T, et al. British Society for Rheumatology guideline on management of paediatric, adolescent and adult patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathy. Rheumatology (Oxford). May 5 2022;61(5):1760–1768. DOI:10.1093/rheumatology/keac115
  • Kohsaka H, Mimori T, Kanda T, et al. Treatment consensus for management of polymyositis and dermatomyositis among rheumatologists, neurologists and dermatologists. Mod Rheumatol. 2019 Jan; 29(1):1–19. DOI:10.1080/14397595.2018.1521185
  • Gono T, Masui K, Nishina N, et al. Risk prediction modeling based on a combination of initial serum biomarker levels in polymyositis/dermatomyositis-associated interstitial lung disease. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2021 Apr;73(4):677–686. DOI:10.1002/art.41566
  • Baker MC, Chung L, Fiorentino DF. A mortality risk score model for clinically amyopathic dermatomyositis-associated interstitial lung disease: will it have the necessary “FLAIR” to improve clinical outcomes? Chest. 2020 Oct;158(4):1307–1309.
  • Allenbach Y, Uzunhan Y, Toquet S, et al. Different phenotypes in dermatomyositis associated with anti-MDA5 antibody: study of 121 cases. Neurology. Jul 7 2020;95(1):e70–78.
  • Zhu J, Wu L, Zhou Y, et al. A retrospective cohort study in Chinese patients with adult polymyositis and dermatomyositis: risk of comorbidities and subclassification using machine learning. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2022 Feb;40(2):224–236. DOI:10.55563/clinexprheumatol/i2xeao
  • Gono T, Masui K, Sato S, et al. Mortality risk stratification using cluster analysis in patients with myositis-associated interstitial lung disease receiving initial triple-combination therapy. Front Med. 2022;9:883699.
  • Xu L, You H, Wang L, et al. Identification of three different phenotypes in anti-MDA5 antibody-positive dermatomyositis patients: implications for rapidly progressive interstitial lung disease prediction. Arthritis Rheumatol. Jul 182022
  • Sun KY, Fan Y, Wang YX, et al. Prevalence of interstitial lung disease in polymyositis and dermatomyositis: a meta-analysis from 2000 to 2020. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2021 Feb;51(1):175–191. DOI:10.1016/j.semarthrit.2020.11.009
  • Gono T, Kuwana, M. Role of myositis autoantibodies in management and prognosis. In: Aggarwal R, Chester VO, editors. Managing Myositis. Switzerland: Springer; 2020. p. 175–180.
  • Gono T, Kuwana M. Current understanding and recent advances in myositis-specific and -associated autoantibodies detected in patients with dermatomyositis. Expert Rev Clin Immunol. 2020 Jan;16(1):79–89. DOI:10.1080/1744666X.2019.1699059
  • Marie I, Hatron PY, Dominique S, et al. Short-term and long-term outcomes of interstitial lung disease in polymyositis and dermatomyositis: a series of 107 patients. Arthritis Rheum. 2011 Nov;63(11):3439–3447. DOI:10.1002/art.30513
  • Fujisawa T, Hozumi H, Kono M, et al. Prognostic factors for myositis-associated interstitial lung disease. PLoS ONE. 2014;9(6):e98824. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0098824
  • Sato S, Masui K, Nishina N, et al. Initial predictors of poor survival in myositis-associated interstitial lung disease: a multicentre cohort of 497 patients. Rheumatology (Oxford). Jul 1 2018;57(7):1212–1221. DOI:10.1093/rheumatology/key060
  • Cobo-Ibáñez T, López-Longo FJ, Joven B, et al. Long-term pulmonary outcomes and mortality in idiopathic inflammatory myopathies associated with interstitial lung disease. Clin Rheumatol. 2019 Mar;38(3):803–815. DOI:10.1007/s10067-018-4353-2
  • Kamiya H, Panlaqui OM, Izumi S, et al. Systematic review and meta-analysis of prognostic factors for idiopathic inflammatory myopathy-associated interstitial lung disease. BMJ Open. 2018 12;8(12):e023998. DOI:10.1136/bmjopen-2018-023998.
  • Zamora AC, Hoskote SS, Abascal-Bolado B, et al. Clinical features and outcomes of interstitial lung disease in anti-Jo-1 positive antisynthetase syndrome. Respir med. 2016 09;118:39–45. DOI:10.1016/j.rmed.2016.07.009
  • Tanizawa K, Handa T, Nakashima R, et al. The prognostic value of HRCT in myositis-associated interstitial lung disease. Respir med. 2013 May;107(5):745–752. DOI:10.1016/j.rmed.2013.01.014
  • Isoda K, Takeuchi T, Kotani T, et al. Pre-treatment ferritin level and alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient can predict mortality rate due to acute/subacute interstitial pneumonia in dermatomyositis treated by cyclosporine a/glucocorticosteroid combination therapy: a case control study [corrected]. PLoS ONE. 2014;9(2):e89610.
  • Fujisawa T, Hozumi H, Kono M, et al. Predictive factors for long-term outcome in polymyositis/dermatomyositis-associated interstitial lung diseases. Respir Investig. 2017 Mar;55(2):130–137. DOI:10.1016/j.resinv.2016.09.006
  • Sugiyama Y, Yoshimi R, Tamura M, et al. The predictive prognostic factors for polymyositis/dermatomyositis-associated interstitial lung disease. Arthritis Res Ther. 2018 Jan;20(1):7. DOI:10.1186/s13075-017-1506-7
  • Sato S, Hirakata M, Kuwana M, et al. Autoantibodies to a 140-kd polypeptide, CADM-140, in Japanese patients with clinically amyopathic dermatomyositis. Arthritis Rheum. 2005 May;52(5):1571–1576. DOI:10.1002/art.21023
  • Gono T, Kawaguchi Y, Hara M, et al. Increased ferritin predicts development and severity of acute interstitial lung disease as a complication of dermatomyositis. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2010 Jul;49(7):1354–1360.
  • Hervier B, Devilliers H, Stanciu R, et al. Hierarchical cluster and survival analyses of antisynthetase syndrome: phenotype and outcome are correlated with anti-tRNA synthetase antibody specificity. Autoimmun Rev. 2012 Dec;12(2):210–217. DOI:10.1016/j.autrev.2012.06.006
  • Woo JH, Kim YJ, Kim JJ, et al. Mortality factors in idiopathic inflammatory myopathy: focusing on malignancy and interstitial lung disease. Mod Rheumatol. 2013 May;23(3):503–508. DOI:10.3109/s10165-012-0673-2
  • Go DJ, Lee EY, Lee EB, et al. Elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate is predictive of interstitial lung disease and mortality in dermatomyositis: a Korean retrospective cohort study. J Korean Med Sci. 2016 Mar;31(3):389–396. DOI:10.3346/jkms.2016.31.3.389
  • Pinal-Fernandez I, Casal-Dominguez M, Huapaya JA, et al. A longitudinal cohort study of the anti-synthetase syndrome: increased severity of interstitial lung disease in black patients and patients with anti-PL7 and anti-PL12 autoantibodies. Rheumatology (Oxford). Jun 1 2017;56(6):999–1007. DOI:10.1093/rheumatology/kex021
  • Li R, Zhu WJ, Wang F, et al. AST/ALT ratio as a predictor of mortality and exacerbations of PM/DM-ILD in 1 year-a retrospective cohort study with 522 cases. Arthritis Res Ther. Sep 20 2020;22(1):202. DOI:10.1186/s13075-020-02286-w
  • Liu T, Li W, Zhang Z, et al. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio is a predictive marker for anti-MDA5 positive dermatomyositis. BMC Pulm Med. Aug 17 2022;22(1):316. DOI:10.1186/s12890-022-02106-8
  • Marie I, Hatron PY, Dominique S, et al. Short-term and long-term outcome of anti-Jo1-positive patients with anti-Ro52 antibody. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2012 Jun;41(6):890–899. DOI:10.1016/j.semarthrit.2011.09.008
  • Shi J, Li S, Yang H, et al. Clinical profiles and prognosis of patients with distinct antisynthetase autoantibodies. J Rheumatol. 2017 Jul;44(7):1051–1057. DOI:10.3899/jrheum.161480
  • Gui X, Shenyun S, Ding H, et al. Anti-Ro52 antibodies are associated with the prognosis of adult idiopathic inflammatory myopathy-associated interstitial lung disease. Rheumatology (Oxford). Nov 2 2022;61(11):4570–4578. DOI:10.1093/rheumatology/keac090
  • Kuwana M, Gil-Vila A, Selva-O’Callaghan A. Role of autoantibodies in the diagnosis and prognosis of interstitial lung disease in autoimmune rheumatic disorders. Ther Adv Musculoskelet Dis. 2021;13:1759720X211032457.
  • Xu A, Ye Y, Fu Q, et al. Prognostic values of anti-Ro52 antibodies in anti-MDA5-positive clinically amyopathic dermatomyositis associated with interstitial lung disease. Rheumatology (Oxford). Jul 1 2021;60(7):3343–3351. DOI:10.1093/rheumatology/keaa786
  • Lian X, Zou J, Guo Q, et al. Mortality risk prediction in amyopathic dermatomyositis associated with interstitial lung disease: the FLAIR model. Chest. 2020 Oct;158(4):1535–1545.
  • Fardet L, Galicier L, Lambotte O, et al. Development and validation of the HScore, a score for the diagnosis of reactive hemophagocytic syndrome. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2014 Sep;66(9):2613–2620. doi:10.1002/art.38690.
  • Zhao S, Ma X, Zhang X, et al. Clinical significance of HScore and MS score comparison in the prognostic evaluation of anti-MDA5-positive patients with dermatomyositis and interstitial lung disease. Mod Rheumatol. Feb 28 2022;32(2):373–379. doi:10.1093/mr/roab017.
  • Yoo H, Hino T, Han J, et al. Connective tissue disease-related interstitial lung disease (CTD-ILD) and interstitial lung abnormality (ILA): evolving concept of CT findings, pathology and management. Eur J Radiol Open. 2021;8:100311.
  • Zuo Y, Ye L, Liu M, et al. Clinical significance of radiological patterns of HRCT and their association with macrophage activation in dermatomyositis. Rheumatology (Oxford). Oct 1 2020;59(10):2829–2837. DOI:10.1093/rheumatology/keaa034
  • Egashira R. High-resolution CT findings of myositis-related interstitial lung disease. Med (Kaunas). Jul 6 2021;57(7). DOI:10.3390/medicina57070692.
  • Hozumi H, Fujisawa T, Nakashima R, et al. Comprehensive assessment of myositis-specific autoantibodies in polymyositis/dermatomyositis-associated interstitial lung disease. Respir med. 2016 Dec;121:91–99. DOI:10.1016/j.rmed.2016.10.019.
  • Takahisa G. The evolving spectrum of interstitial lung disease in myositis—Management pearls. Indian J Rheumatol. 2020;15(6):163–174.
  • Arakawa H, Yamada H, Kurihara Y, et al. Nonspecific interstitial pneumonia associated with polymyositis and dermatomyositis: serial high-resolution CT findings and functional correlation. Chest. 2003 Apr;123(4):1096–1103.
  • Tanizawa K, Handa T, Nakashima R, et al. HRCT features of interstitial lung disease in dermatomyositis with anti-CADM-140 antibody. Respir med. 2011 Sep;105(9):1380–1387. DOI:10.1016/j.rmed.2011.05.006
  • Jiang M, Dong X, Zheng Y. Clinical characteristics of interstitial lung diseases positive to different anti-synthetase antibodies. Medicine (Baltimore). May 14 2021;100(19):e25816.
  • Zhan X, Yan W, Wang Y, et al. Clinical features of anti-synthetase syndrome associated interstitial lung disease: a retrospective cohort in China. BMC Pulm Med. Feb 12 2021;21(1):57. DOI:10.1186/s12890-021-01399-5
  • Yamaguchi K, Nakajima T, Yamaguchi A, et al. Quantitative CT analysis of interstitial pneumonia in anti-melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 antibody-positive dermatomyositis: a single center, retrospective study. Clin Rheumatol. 2022 May;41(5):1473–1481. DOI:10.1007/s10067-021-06033-7
  • Xu W, Wu W, Zhang D, et al. A novel CT scoring method predicts the prognosis of interstitial lung disease associated with anti-MDA5 positive dermatomyositis. Sci Rep. Aug 23 2021;11(1):17070. DOI:10.1038/s41598-021-96292-w
  • Wang K, Zhao J, Chen Z, et al. CD4+CXCR4+ T cells as a novel prognostic biomarker in patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathy-associated interstitial lung disease. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2019 03;58(3):511–521. DOI:10.1093/rheumatology/key341
  • Zhao N, Jiang W, Wu H, et al. Clinical features, prognostic factors, and survival of patients with antisynthetase syndrome and interstitial lung disease. Front Immunol. 2022;13:872615.
  • Ye Y, Zhang X, Li T, et al. Two distinct immune cell signatures predict the clinical outcomes in patients with amyopathic dermatomyositis with interstitial lung disease. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2022 Nov;74(11):1822–1832. doi:10.1002/art.42264.
  • Horiike Y, Suzuki Y, Fujisawa T, et al. Successful classification of macrophage-mannose receptor CD206 in severity of anti-MDA5 antibody positive dermatomyositis associated ILD. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2019 12;58(12):2143–2152. DOI:10.1093/rheumatology/kez185
  • Hozumi H, Fujisawa T, Enomoto N, et al. Clinical utility of YKL-40 in polymyositis/dermatomyositis-associated interstitial lung disease. J Rheumatol. 2017 Sep;44(9):1394–1401. DOI:10.3899/jrheum.170373
  • Jiang L, Wang Y, Peng Q, et al. Serum YKL-40 level is associated with severity of interstitial lung disease and poor prognosis in dermatomyositis with anti-MDA5 antibody. Clin Rheumatol. 2019 Jun;38(6):1655–1663. DOI:10.1007/s10067-019-04457-w
  • Kotani T, Takeuchi T, Ishida T, et al. Increased serum LIGHT levels correlate with disease progression and severity of interstitial pneumonia in patients with dermatomyositis: a case control study. PLoS ONE. 2015;10(10):e0140117. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0140117
  • Tanaka A, Tsukamoto H, Mitoma H, et al. Serum progranulin levels are elevated in dermatomyositis patients with acute interstitial lung disease, predicting prognosis. Arthritis Res Ther. 2015 Feb;17:27. DOI:10.1186/s13075-015-0547-z.
  • Shu X, Peng Q, Lu X, et al. HMGB1 may be a biomarker for predicting the outcome in patients with polymyositis/dermatomyositis with interstitial lung disease. PLoS ONE. 2016;11(8):e0161436.
  • Peng QL, Zhang YM, Liang L, et al. A high level of serum neopterin is associated with rapidly progressive interstitial lung disease and reduced survival in dermatomyositis. Clin Exp Immunol. 2020 Mar;199(3):314–325. DOI:10.1111/cei.13404
  • Liang L, Zhang YM, Shen YW, et al. Aberrantly expressed galectin-9 is involved in the immunopathogenesis of Anti-MDA5-Positive dermatomyositis-associated interstitial lung disease. Front Cell Dev Biol. 2021;9:628128.
  • Oda K, Kotani T, Takeuchi T, et al. Chemokine profiles of interstitial pneumonia in patients with dermatomyositis: a case control study. Sci Rep. 2017 05;7(1):1635. DOI:10.1038/s41598-017-01685-5.
  • Shimizu T, Koga T, Furukawa K, et al. IL-15 is a biomarker involved in the development of rapidly progressive interstitial lung disease complicated with polymyositis/dermatomyositis. J Intern Med. 2021 Feb;289(2):206–220. DOI:10.1111/joim.13154
  • Kawasumi H, Gono T, Kawaguchi Y, et al. IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10 are associated with hyperferritinemia in rapidly progressive interstitial lung disease with polymyositis/dermatomyositis. BioMed Res Int. 2014;2014:815245.
  • Wang Q, Gao C, Zhang C, et al. Tumor markers are associated with rapidly progressive interstitial lung disease in adult-dermatomyositis. Clin Rheumatol. 2022 Jun;41(6):1731–1739. DOI:10.1007/s10067-022-06089-z
  • Zhu D, Qiao J, Tang S, et al. Elevated carcinoembryonic antigen predicts rapidly progressive interstitial lung disease in clinically amyopathic dermatomyositis. Rheumatology (Oxford). Aug 2 2021;60(8):3896–3903. DOI:10.1093/rheumatology/keaa819
  • Ye L, Zuo Y, Chen F, et al. Adrenomedullin expression is associated with the severity and poor prognosis of interstitial lung disease in dermatomyositis patients. Front Immunol. 2022;13:885142.
  • Ishida T, Kotani T, Serada S, et al. Correlation of increased serum leucine-rich α2-glycoprotein levels with disease prognosis, progression, and activity of interstitial pneumonia in patients with dermatomyositis: a retrospective study. PLoS ONE. 2020;15(6):e0234090. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0234090
  • Lou Y, Zheng Y, Fan B, et al. Serum S100A12 levels are correlated with clinical severity in patients with dermatomyositis-associated interstitial lung disease. J Int Med Res. 2020 Apr;48(4):300060519887841. doi:10.1177/0300060519887841.
  • Gao Y, Zhao Q, Xie M, et al. Prognostic evaluation of serum osteopontin in patients with anti-MDA5 antibody-positive dermatomyositis associated interstitial lung disease. Cytokine. 2020 Nov;135:155209.
  • Gui X, Ma M, Ding J, et al. Cytokeratin 19 fragment is associated with severity and poor prognosis of interstitial lung disease in anti-MDA5 antibody-positive dermatomyositis. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2021 Jan 27;60(8):3913–3922.
  • Kameda H, Nagasawa H, Ogawa H, et al. Combination therapy with corticosteroids, cyclosporin A, and intravenous pulse cyclophosphamide for acute/subacute interstitial pneumonia in patients with dermatomyositis. J Rheumatol. 2005 Sep;32(9):1719–1726.
  • Koga T, Fujikawa K, Horai Y, et al. The diagnostic utility of anti-melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 antibody testing for predicting the prognosis of Japanese patients with DM. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2012 Jul;51(7):1278–1284.
  • Motegi SI, Sekiguchi A, Toki S, et al. Clinical features and poor prognostic factors of anti-melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 antibody-positive dermatomyositis with rapid progressive interstitial lung disease. Eur J Dermatol. Oct 1 2019;29(5):511–517. DOI:10.1684/ejd.2019.3634
  • ACoPsfcpf L. ATS statement: guidelines for the six-minute walk test. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. Jul 1 2002;166(1):111–117. DOI:10.1164/ajrccm.166.1.at1102
  • Huang W, Ren F, Wang Q, et al. Clinical features of thirty-two patients with anti-melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 antibodies. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2019 Sep;37(5):803–807.
  • Kotani T, Takeuchi T, Yoshimatsu Y, et al. Initial limited three-level thin-section computed tomography scorings predict the prognosis of acute/subacute interstitial pneumonia in patients with dermatomyositis. Mod Rheumatol. 2016 Sep;26(5):738–743. DOI:10.3109/14397595.2015.1134392
  • Molina-Molina M, Castellví I, Valenzuela C, et al. Management of progressive pulmonary fibrosis associated with connective tissue disease. Expert Rev Respir Med. 2022 Jul;16(7):765–774. DOI:10.1080/17476348.2022.2107508
  • Geerts S, Wuyts W, Langhe E, et al. Connective tissue disease associated interstitial pneumonia: a challenge for both rheumatologists and pulmonologists. Sarcoidosis Vasc Diffuse Lung Dis. 2017;34(4):326–335.
  • Mathai SC, Danoff SK. Management of interstitial lung disease associated with connective tissue disease. BMJ. Feb 24 2016;352:h6819.
  • Mehta P, Aggarwal R, Porter JC, et al. Management of interstitial lung disease (ILD) in myositis syndromes: a practical guide for clinicians. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol. 2022 Jun;36(2):101769. DOI:10.1016/j.berh.2022.101769
  • Shao T, Shi X, Yang S, et al. Interstitial lung disease in connective tissue disease: a common lesion with heterogeneous mechanisms and treatment considerations. Front Immunol. 2021;12:684699.
  • Kowal-Bielecka O, Kowal K, Chyczewska E. Utility of bronchoalveolar lavage in evaluation of patients with connective tissue diseases. Clin Chest Med. 2010 Sep;31(3):423–431. DOI:10.1016/j.ccm.2010.04.002
  • Fischer A, Lee JS, Cottin V. Interstitial lung disease evaluation: detecting connective tissue disease. Respiration. 2015;90(3):177–184.
  • Ahmed S, Handa R. Management of connective tissue disease-related interstitial lung disease. Curr Pulmonol Rep. 2022;11(3):86–98.
  • Oddis CV, Aggarwal R. Treatment in myositis. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2018 May;14(5):279–289. DOI:10.1038/nrrheum.2018.42
  • Huapaya JA, Silhan L, Pinal-Fernandez I, et al. Long-term treatment with azathioprine and mycophenolate mofetil for myositis-related interstitial lung disease. Chest. 2019 Nov;156(5):896–906.
  • Allenbach Y, Guiguet M, Rigolet A, et al. Efficacy of rituximab in refractory inflammatory myopathies associated with anti- synthetase auto-antibodies: an open-label, phase ii trial. PLoS ONE. 2015;10(11):e0133702. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0133702
  • Andersson H, Sem M, Lund MB, et al. Long-term experience with rituximab in anti-synthetase syndrome-related interstitial lung disease. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2015 Aug;54(8):1420–1428.
  • Doyle TJ, Dhillon N, Madan R, et al. Rituximab in the treatment of interstitial lung disease associated with antisynthetase syndrome: a multicenter retrospective case review. J Rheumatol. 2018 Jun;45(6):841–850. DOI:10.3899/jrheum.170541
  • Sato S, Hoshino K, Satoh T, et al. RNA helicase encoded by melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 is a major autoantigen in patients with clinically amyopathic dermatomyositis: association with rapidly progressive interstitial lung disease. Arthritis Rheum. 2009 Jul;60(7):2193–2200. DOI:10.1002/art.24621
  • Tsuji H, Nakashima R, Hosono Y, et al. Multicenter prospective study of the efficacy and safety of combined immunosuppressive therapy with high-dose glucocorticoid, tacrolimus, and cyclophosphamide in interstitial lung diseases accompanied by anti-melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5-positive dermatomyositis. Arthritis Rheumatol. 03 2020;72(3):488–498. DOI:10.1002/art.41105
  • So H, Wong VTL, Lao VWN, et al. Rituximab for refractory rapidly progressive interstitial lung disease related to anti-MDA5 antibody-positive amyopathic dermatomyositis. Clin Rheumatol. 2018 Jul;37(7):1983–1989. DOI:10.1007/s10067-018-4122-2
  • Zhang X, Zhou S, Wu C, et al. Tocilizumab for refractory rapidly progressive interstitial lung disease related to anti-MDA5-positive dermatomyositis. Rheumatology (Oxford). Jul 1 2021;60(7):e227–228. DOI:10.1093/rheumatology/keaa906
  • Kurasawa K, Arai S, Namiki Y, et al. Tofacitinib for refractory interstitial lung diseases in anti-melanoma differentiation-associated 5 gene antibody-positive dermatomyositis. Rheumatology (Oxford). Dec 1 2018;57(12):2114–2119. DOI:10.1093/rheumatology/key188
  • Shirakashi M, Nakashima R, Tsuji H, et al. Efficacy of plasma exchange in anti-MDA5-positive dermatomyositis with interstitial lung disease under combined immunosuppressive treatment. Rheumatology (Oxford). Nov 1 2020;59(11):3284–3292. DOI:10.1093/rheumatology/keaa123
  • Romero-Bueno F, Diaz Del Campo P, Trallero-Araguás E, et al. Recommendations for the treatment of anti-melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5-positive dermatomyositis-associated rapidly progressive interstitial lung disease. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2020 Aug; 50(4):776–790. DOI:10.1016/j.semarthrit.2020.03.007
  • Chen Z, Wang X, Ye S. Tofacitinib in amyopathic dermatomyositis-associated interstitial lung disease. N Engl J Med. 2019 07 18;381(3):291–293. DOI:10.1056/NEJMc1900045
  • Paik JJ, Lubin G, Gromatzky A, et al. Use of Janus kinase inhibitors in dermatomyositis: a systematic literature review. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2023 Mar;41(2):348–358. DOI:10.55563/clinexprheumatol/hxin6o
  • Gono T, Kaneko H, Kawaguchi Y, et al. Cytokine profiles in polymyositis and dermatomyositis complicated by rapidly progressive or chronic interstitial lung disease. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2014 Dec;53(12):2196–2203.
  • Horai Y, Koga T, Fujikawa K, et al. Serum interferon-α is a useful biomarker in patients with anti-melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA5) antibody-positive dermatomyositis. Mod Rheumatol. 2015 Jan;25(1):85–89. DOI:10.3109/14397595.2014.900843
  • Takatani A, Koga T, Fujita Y, et al. Efficacy of tofacitinib for slowly progressive interstitial lung disease in a patient with anti-MDA5 antibody-positive dermatomyositis. Clin Immunol. 2020 Jun;215:108451. DOI:10.1016/j.clim.2020.108451
  • Gono T, Okazaki Y, Kuwana M. Antiviral proinflammatory phenotype of monocytes in anti-MDA5 antibody-associated interstitial lung disease. Rheumatology (Oxford). Feb 2 2022;61(2):806–814.
  • Tanaka Y, Luo Y, O’Shea JJ, et al. Janus kinase-targeting therapies in rheumatology: a mechanisms-based approach. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2022 Mar;18(3):133–145. DOI:10.1038/s41584-021-00726-8
  • Huang K, Vinik O, Shojania K, et al. Clinical spectrum and therapeutics in Canadian patients with anti-melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA5)-positive dermatomyositis: a case-based review. Rheumatol Int. 2019 Nov;39(11):1971–1981. DOI:10.1007/s00296-019-04398-2
  • Raghu G, Collard HR, Egan JJ, et al. An official ATS/ERS/JRS/ALAT statement: idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: evidence-based guidelines for diagnosis and management. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. Mar 15 2011;183(6):788–824. DOI:10.1164/rccm.2009-040GL
  • Nishioka A, Tsunoda S, Abe T, et al. Serum neopterin as well as ferritin, soluble interleukin-2 receptor, KL-6 and anti-MDA5 antibody titer provide markers of the response to therapy in patients with interstitial lung disease complicating anti-MDA5 antibody-positive dermatomyositis. Mod Rheumatol. 2019 Sep;29(5):814–820. DOI:10.1080/14397595.2018.1548918
  • Gono T, Sato S, Kawaguchi Y, et al. Anti-MDA5 antibody, ferritin and IL-18 are useful for the evaluation of response to treatment in interstitial lung disease with anti-MDA5 antibody-positive dermatomyositis. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2012 Sep;51(9):1563–1570.
  • Arai S, Kurasawa K, Maezawa R, et al. Marked increase in serum KL-6 and surfactant protein D levels during the first 4 weeks after treatment predicts poor prognosis in patients with active interstitial pneumonia associated with polymyositis/dermatomyositis. Mod Rheumatol. 2013 Sep;23(5):872–883. DOI:10.3109/s10165-012-0756-0
  • Kohno N, Akiyama M, Kyoizumi S, et al. Detection of soluble tumor-associated antigens in sera and effusions using novel monoclonal antibodies, KL-3 and KL-6, against lung adenocarcinoma. Jpn J Clin Oncol. 1988 Sep;18(3):203–216.
  • Kohno N, Kyoizumi S, Awaya Y, et al. New serum indicator of interstitial pneumonitis activity. Sialylated carbohydrate antigen KL-6. Chest. 1989 Jul;96(1):68–73. DOI:10.1378/chest.96.1.68
  • Ishikawa N, Hattori N, Yokoyama A, et al. Utility of KL-6/MUC1 in the clinical management of interstitial lung diseases. Respir Investig. 2012 Mar;50(1):3–13. DOI:10.1016/j.resinv.2012.02.001
  • Takei R, Yamano Y, Kataoka K, et al. Predictive factors for the recurrence of anti-aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase antibody-associated interstitial lung disease. Respir Investig. 2020 Mar;58(2):83–90. DOI:10.1016/j.resinv.2019.10.004
  • Takanashi S, Nishina N, Nakazawa M, et al. Usefulness of serum Krebs von den Lungen-6 for the management of myositis-associated interstitial lung disease. Rheumatology (Oxford). Jun 1 2019;58(6):1034–1039.
  • Fathi M, Barbasso Helmers S, Lundberg IE. KL-6: a serological biomarker for interstitial lung disease in patients with polymyositis and dermatomyositis. J Intern Med. 2012 Jun;271(6):589–597. DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2796.2011.02459.x
  • Sato S, Kuwana M, Fujita T, et al. Anti-CADM-140/MDA5 autoantibody titer correlates with disease activity and predicts disease outcome in patients with dermatomyositis and rapidly progressive interstitial lung disease. Mod Rheumatol. 2013 May;23(3):496–502. DOI:10.3109/s10165-012-0663-4
  • Tachikawa R, Tomii K, Ueda H, et al. Clinical features and outcome of acute exacerbation of interstitial pneumonia: collagen vascular diseases-related versus idiopathic. Respiration. 2012;83(1):20–27. DOI:10.1159/000329893
  • Toyoda Y, Hanibuchi M, Kishi J, et al. Clinical features and outcome of acute exacerbation of interstitial pneumonia associated with connective tissue disease. J Med Invest. 2016;63(3–4):294–299.
  • Ha YJ, Hur J, Go DJ, et al. Baseline peripheral blood neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio could predict survival in patients with adult polymyositis and dermatomyositis: a retrospective observational study. PLoS ONE. 2018;13(1):e0190411.
  • Liang J, Cao H, Ke Y, et al. Acute exacerbation of interstitial lung disease in adult patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies: a retrospective case-control study. Front Med. 2020;7:12.
  • Lee H, Chung SJ, Kim SH, et al. Treatment outcomes of infectious and non-infectious acute exacerbation of myositis-related interstitial lung disease. Front Med. 2021;8:801206.
  • Tanizawa K, Handa T, Nakashima R, et al. The long-term outcome of interstitial lung disease with anti-aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase antibodies. Respir med. 2017 Jun;127:57–64. DOI:10.1016/j.rmed.2017.04.007.
  • Cao H, Huan C, Wang Q, et al. Predicting survival across acute exacerbation of interstitial lung disease in patients with idiopathic inflammatory myositis: the GAP-ILD model. Rheumatol Ther. 2020 Dec;7(4):967–978. DOI:10.1007/s40744-020-00244-1
  • Nakazawa M, Kaneko Y, Takeuchi T. Risk factors for the recurrence of interstitial lung disease in patients with polymyositis and dermatomyositis: a retrospective cohort study. Clin Rheumatol. 2018 Mar;37(3):765–771. DOI:10.1007/s10067-017-3854-8
  • Yoshifuji H, Fujii T, Kobayashi S, et al. Anti-aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase antibodies in clinical course prediction of interstitial lung disease complicated with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies. Autoimmunity. 2006 May;39(3):233–241.
  • Endo Y, Koga T, Ishida M, et al. Recurrence of anti-MDA5 antibody-positive clinically amyopathic dermatomyositis after long-term remission: a case report. 2018 Jun;97(26):e11024. DOI:10.1097/MD.0000000000011024. Medicine (Baltimore).
  • Matsushita T, Mizumaki K, Kano M, et al. Antimelanoma differentiation-associated protein 5 antibody level is a novel tool for monitoring disease activity in rapidly progressive interstitial lung disease with dermatomyositis. Br J Dermatol. 2017 Feb;176(2):395–402. DOI:10.1111/bjd.14882
  • Kogami M, Abe Y, Ando T, et al. Changes in anti-MDA5 antibody titres and serum cytokine levels before and after diagnosis of anti-MDA5 antibody-positive dermatomyositis. Rheumatology. 2022 Nov 03. DOI:10.1093/rheumatology/keac627.
  • Gil-Vila A, Ravichandran N, Selva-O’Callaghan A, et al. COVID-19 VACCINATION IN AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES (COVAD) study: vaccine safety in idiopathic inflammatory myopathies. Muscle Nerve. 2022 Oct;66(4):426–437. DOIi:10.1002/mus.27681
  • Pakhchanian H, Khan H, Raiker R, et al. COVID-19 outcomes in patients with Dermatomyositis: a registry-based cohort analysis. Semin Arthritis Rheum. Oct 2022;56:152034. DOI:10.1016/j.semarthrit.2022.152034
  • Hama S, Akiyama M, Shimada T, et al. COVID-19 pneumonia can cause irreversible lung damage in dermatomyositis with pre-existing interstitial lung disease. Int J Rheum Dis. 2021 Sep;24(9):1221–1223.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.