161
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Review

Evaluating as-needed inhaled corticosteroid strategies in asthma: expanding the benefits to mild asthma

, , , &
Pages 623-634 | Received 27 Oct 2022, Accepted 10 Aug 2023, Published online: 21 Aug 2023

References

  • Global Initiative for asthma. Global strategy for asthma management and prevention 2022. https://ginasthma.org/gina-reports/.
  • Tattersfield AE. Current issues with β2-Adrenoceptor agonists: Historical background. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol. 2006 Oct;31(2–3):107–118. doi: 10.1385/CRIAI:31:2:107
  • Reddel HK, Busse WW, Pedersen S, et al. Should recommendations about starting inhaled corticosteroid treatment for mild asthma be based on symptom frequency: a post-hoc efficacy analysis of the START study. Lancet. 2017 Jan 14;389(10065):157–166. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31399-X
  • Laitinen LA, Laitinen A, Haahtela T. A comparative study of the effects of an inhaled corticosteroid, budesonide, and a beta 2-agonist, terbutaline, on airway inflammation in newly diagnosed asthma: a randomized, double-blind, parallel-group controlled trial. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1992 Jul;90(1):32–42. doi: 10.1016/S0091-6749(06)80008-4
  • Juniper EF, Kline PA, Vanzieleghem MA, et al. Effect of long-term treatment with an inhaled corticosteroid (budesonide) on airway hyperresponsiveness and clinical asthma in nonsteroid-dependent asthmatics. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1990 Oct;142(4):832–836. doi: 10.1164/ajrccm/142.4.832
  • O’Byrne PM, Naya IP, Kallen A, et al. Increasing doses of inhaled corticosteroids compared to adding long-acting inhaled beta2-agonists in achieving asthma control. Chest. 2008 Dec;134(6):1192–1199. doi: 10.1378/chest.08-1018
  • Bateman ED, Boushey HA, Bousquet J, et al. Can guideline-defined asthma control be achieved? The Gaining optimal asthma ControL study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2004 Oct 15;170(8):836–844. doi: 10.1164/rccm.200401-033OC
  • Cloutier MM, Baptist AP, Blake KV, et al. Lung and blood Institute. 2020 focused updates to the asthma management guidelines: a report from the national asthma education and prevention program coordinating committee expert panel working group. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2020;146(6):1217–1270. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.10.003
  • Kuhn TS. The Structure of scientific Revolutions. Chicago: University of Chicago Press; 1962.
  • Kuhn TS. The Copernican revolution: planetary astronomy in the development of western thought. Cambridge: Harvard University Press; 1957.
  • Bloom CI, Nissen F, Douglas IJ, et al. Exacerbation risk and characterisation of the UK’s asthma population from infants to old age. Thorax. 2018;73(4):313–320. doi: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2017-210650
  • FitzGerald JM, Barnes PJ, Chipps BE, et al. The burden of exacerbations in mild asthma: a systematic review. ERJ Open Res. 2020;6(3):00359. doi: 10.1183/23120541.00359-2019
  • Dusser D, Montani D, Chanez P, et al. Mild asthma: an expert review on epidemiology, clinical characteristics and treatment recommendations. Allergy. 2007 Jun;62(6):591–604. doi: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2007.01394.x
  • Papi A, Johnston SL. Rhinovirus infection induces expression of its own receptor intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) via increased NF-kappaB-mediated transcription. J Biol Chem. 1999 Apr 2;274(14):9707–9720. doi: 10.1074/jbc.274.14.9707
  • Pauwels RA, Pedersen S, Busse WW, et al. Early intervention with budesonide in mild persistent asthma: a randomised, double-blind trial. Lancet. 2003;361(9363):1071–1076. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(03)12891-7
  • Campbell DA, McLennan G, Coates JR, et al. A comparison of asthma deaths and near-fatal asthma attacks in South Australia. Eur Respir J. 1994;7:490–497. doi: 10.1183/09031936.94.07030490
  • Robertson CF, Rubinfeld AR, Bowes G. Deaths from asthma in Victoria: a 12-month survey. Med J Aust. 1990;152(10):511–517. doi: 10.5694/j.1326-5377.1990.tb125350.x
  • Fuhlbrigge AL, Adams RJ, Guilbert TW, et al. The burden of asthma in the United States: level and distribution are dependent on interpretation of the national asthma education and prevention program guidelines. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2002;166(8):1044–1049. doi: 10.1164/rccm.2107057
  • DiMatteo MR. Variations in patients’ adherence to medical recommendations: a quantitative review of 50 years of research. Med care. 2004 Mar;42(3):200–209. doi: 10.1097/01.mlr.0000114908.90348.f9
  • Kandane-Rathnayake RK, Matheson MC, Simpson JA, et al. Adherence to asthma management guidelines by middle-aged adults with current asthma. Thorax. 2009;64(12):1025–1031. doi: 10.1136/thx.2009.118430
  • Barnes CB, Ulrik CS. Asthma and adherence to inhaled corticosteroids: current status and future perspectives. Respir Care. 2015;60(3):455–468. doi: 10.4187/respcare.03200
  • Bender BG, Rankin A, Tran ZV, et al. Brief-interval telephone surveys of medication adherence and asthma symptoms in the childhood asthma management program continuation study. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2008;101(4):382–386. doi: 10.1016/S1081-1206(10)60314-6
  • Ding B, Small M. Disease burden of mild asthma: findings from a cross-sectional real-world survey. Adv Ther. 2017;34(5):1109–1127. doi: 10.1007/s12325-017-0520-0
  • Global Initiative for Asthma. Global strategy for asthma management and prevention 2018. https://ginasthma.org/gina-reports. Date last updated: 31 August, 2018. Date last accessed: 21 July, 2019
  • British Thoracic Society. Scottish intercollegiate guidelines network: British guideline on the management of asthma. 2014 October . Date last accessed: 21 July 2019. https://www.brit-thoracic.org.uk/qualityimprovement/guidelines/asthma/.
  • Blakeston S, Harper G, Zabala Mancebo J. Identifying the drivers of patients’ reliance on short-acting β2-agonists in asthma. J Asthma. 2021 Aug;58(8):1094–1101. doi: 10.1080/02770903.2020.1761382
  • Janson C, Menzies-Gow A, Nan C, et al. SABINA: An Overview of short-acting β2-agonist use in asthma in European countries. Adv Ther. 2020 Mar;37(3):1124–1135. doi: 10.1007/s12325-020-01233-0
  • Nwaru BI, Ekström M, Hasvold P, et al. Overuse of short-acting β2-agonists in asthma is associated with increased risk of exacerbation and mortality: a nationwide cohort study of the global SABINA programme. Eur Respir J. 2020 Apr 16;55(4):1901872. doi: 10.1183/13993003.01872-2019
  • Spitzer WO, Suissa S, Ernst P, et al. The use of β-agonists and the risk of death and near death from asthma. N Engl J Med. 1992;326(8):501–506. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199202203260801
  • Suissa S, Blais L, Ernst P. Patterns of increasing beta-agonist use and the risk of fatal or near-fatal asthma. Eur Respir J. 1994;7(9):1602–1609. doi: 10.1183/09031936.94.07091602
  • Bateman ED, Price DB, Wang HC, et al. Short-acting β2-agonist prescriptions are associated with poor clinical outcomes of asthma: the multi-country, cross-sectional SABINA III study. Eur Respir J. 2022 May 5;59(5):2101402. doi: 10.1183/13993003.01402-2021
  • Nelson HS, Weiss ST, Bleecker ER, et al. The salmeterol Multicenter asthma research trial: a comparison of usual pharmacotherapy for asthma or usual pharmacotherapy plus salmeterol. Chest. 2006 Jan;129(1):15–26. doi: 10.1378/chest.129.1.15
  • Stahn C, Buttgereit F. Genomic and nongenomic effects of glucocorticoids. Nat Clin Pract Rheumatol. 2008;4(10):525–533. doi: 10.1038/ncprheum0898
  • Adcock IM, Maneechotesuwan K, Usmani O. Molecular interactions between glucocorticoids and long-acting β2-agonists. Allergy Clin Immunol. 2002;110(6):S261–8. doi: 10.1067/mai.2002.129705
  • Beasley R, Weatherall M, Shirtcliffe P, et al. Combination corticosteroid/beta-agonist inhaler as reliever therapy: a solution for intermittent and mild asthma? J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2014;133(1):39–41. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2013.10.053
  • Usmani OS, Ito K, Maneechotesuwan K, et al. Glucocorticoid receptor nuclear translocation in airway cells after inhaled combination therapy. AJRCCM. 2005;172(6):704–712. doi: 10.1164/rccm.200408-1041OC
  • Selroos O, Ekström T. Formoterol Turbuhaler 4.5 microg (delivered dose) has a rapid onset and 12-h duration of bronchodilation. Pulm Pharmacol Ther. 2002;15(2):175–183. doi: 10.1006/pupt.2001.0335
  • Rogliani P, Ritondo BL, Ora J, et al. SMART and as-needed therapies in mild-to-severe asthma: a network meta-analysis. Eur Respir J. 2020;56(3):2000625. doi: 10.1183/13993003.00625-2020
  • Sobieraj DM, Weeda ER, Nguyen E, et al. Association of inhaled corticosteroids and long-acting β-agonists as controller and quick relief therapy with exacerbations and symptom control in persistent asthma: a systematic review and metaanalysis. JAMA. 2018;319(14):1485–1496. doi: 10.1001/jama.2018.2769
  • Bousquet J, Boulet LP, Peters MJ, et al. Budesonide/Formoterol for maintenance and relief in uncontrolled asthma vs. high-dose salmeterol/fluticasone. Respir med. 2007;101(12):2437–2446. doi: 10.1016/j.rmed.2007.07.014
  • Kuna P, Peters MJ, Manjra AI, et al. Effect of budesonide/formoterol maintenance and reliever therapy on asthma exacerbations. Int J Clin Pract. 2007;61(5):725–736. doi: 10.1111/j.1742-1241.2007.01338.x
  • O’Byrne PM, Bisgaard H, Godard PP, et al. Budesonide/Formoterol combination therapy as both maintenance and reliever medication in asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2005;171(2):129–136. doi: 10.1164/rccm.200407-884OC
  • Scicchitano R, Aalbers R, Ukena D, et al. Efficacy and safety of budesonide/formoterol single inhaler therapy versus a higher dose of budesonide in moderate to severe asthma. Curr Med Res Opin. 2004;20(9):1403–1418. doi: 10.1185/030079904X2051
  • Crossingham I, Turner S, Ramakrishnan S, et al. Combination fixed-dose β agonist and steroid inhaler as required for adults or children with mild asthma: a Cochrane systematic review. BMJ Evid Based Med. 2022 Jun;27(3):178–184. doi: 10.1136/bmjebm-2021-111764
  • O’Byrne PM, FitzGerald JM, Bateman ED, et al. Inhaled combined budesonide-formoterol as needed in mild asthma. N Engl J Med. 2018;378:1865–1876. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1715274
  • Bateman ED, Reddel HK, O’Byrne PM, et al. As-needed budesonide-formoterol versus maintenance budesonide in mild asthma. N Engl J Med. 2018;378:1877–1887. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1715275
  • Beasley R, Holliday M, Reddel HK, et al. Controlled trial of budesonide-formoterol as needed for mild asthma. N Engl J Med. 2019;380:2020–2030.
  • Papi A, Braithwaite I, Ebmeier S, et al. Budesonide-formoterol reliever therapy in intermittent versus mild persistent asthma. Eur Respir J. 2021 Feb 17;57(2):2003064. doi: 10.1183/13993003.03064-2020
  • Pavord ID, Holliday M, Reddel HK, et al. Predictive value of blood eosinophils and exhaled nitric oxide in adults with mild asthma: a prespecified subgroup analysis of an open-label, parallel-group, randomised controlled trial. Lancet Respir Med. 2020 Jul;8(7):671–680. doi: 10.1016/S2213-2600(20)30053-9
  • Hardy J, Baggott C, Fingleton J, et al. Budesonide-formoterol reliever therapy versus maintenance budesonide plus terbutaline reliever therapy in adults with mild to moderate asthma (PRACTICAL): a 52-week, open-label, multicentre, superiority, randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2020 May 2 2019 Sep 14;394(10202):919–928. Epub 2019 Aug 23. Erratum in: Lancet;395(10234):1422. 10.1016/S0140-6736(19)31948-8
  • Lazarus SC, Krishnan JA, King TS, et al. Mometasone or tiotropium in mild asthma with a low sputum eosinophil level. N Engl J Med. 2019 May 23;380(21):2009–2019. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1814917
  • Baan EJ, Hoeve CE, De Ridder M, et al. The ALPACA study: (in)appropriate LAMA prescribing in asthma: a cohort analysis. Pulm Pharmacol Ther. 2021 Dec;71:102074.
  • Bisgaard H, Le Roux P, Bjåmer D, et al. Budesonide/Formoterol maintenance plus reliever therapy: a new strategy in pediatric asthma. Chest. 2006 Dec;130(6):1733–1743. doi: 10.1378/chest.130.6.1733
  • Hatter L, Bruce P, Braithwaite I, et al. ICS-formoterol reliever versus ICS and short-acting β2-agonist reliever in asthma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. ERJ Open Res. 2021 Jan 25;7(1):00701–2020. doi: 10.1183/23120541.00701-2020
  • Buendía JA, Patiño DG. Cost-utility of as-needed ICS-formoterol versus to maintenance ICS in mild to moderate persistent asthma. BMC Pulm Med. 2021;21(1):397. doi: 10.1186/s12890-021-01775-1
  • Haahtela T, Tamminen K, Malmberg LP, et al. Formoterol as needed with or without budesonide in patients with intermittent asthma and raised NO levels in exhaled air: a SOMA study. Eur Respir J. 2006;28:748–755. doi: 10.1183/09031936.06.00128005
  • Sears MR, Lötvall J. Past, present and future–beta2-adrenoceptor agonists in asthma management. Respir med. 2005 Feb;99(2):152–170. doi: 10.1016/j.rmed.2004.07.003
  • Kearns N, Williams M, Bruce P, et al. Single dose of budesonide/formoterol turbuhaler compared to salbutamol pMDI for speed of bronchodilator onset in asthma: a randomised cross-over trial. Thorax. 2022 Jul 18;78:thoraxjnl-2022–219052. doi: 10.1136/thorax-2022-219052
  • Foster JM, Beasley R, Braithwaite I, et al. Patient experiences of as needed budesonide-formoterol by Turbuhaler® for treatment of mild asthma; a qualitative study. Respir med. 2020;175:106154. doi: 10.1016/j.rmed.2020.106154
  • Papi A, Canonica GW, Maestrelli P, et al. Rescue use of beclomethasone and salbutamol in a single inhaler for mild asthma. N Engl J Med. 2007;356:2040–2052.
  • Calhoun WJ, Ameredes BT, King TS, et al. Comparison of physician-, biomarker-, and symptom-based strategies for adjustment of inhaled corticosteroid therapy in adults with asthma: The BASALT randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2012;308(10):987–997. doi: 10.1001/2012.jama.10893
  • Papi A, Chipps BE, Beasley R, et al. Albuterol-budesonide fixed-dose combination rescue inhaler for asthma. N Engl J Med. 2022 Jun 2;386(22):2071–2083. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2203163
  • Israel E, Cardet JC, Carroll JK, et al. Reliever-Triggered inhaled glucocorticoid in black and Latinx adults with asthma. N Engl J Med. 2022 Apr 21;386(16):1505–1518. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2118813
  • Sumino K, Bacharier LB, Taylor J, et al. A pragmatic trial of symptom-based inhaled corticosteroid use in African-American children with mild asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2020 Jan;8(1):176–185.e2. doi: 10.1016/j.jaip.2019.06.030
  • Martinez FD, Chinchilli VM, Morgan WJ, et al. Use of beclomethasone dipropionate as rescue treatment for children with mild persistent asthma (TREXA): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2011 Feb 19;377(9766):650–657. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)62145-9
  • Papi A, Jesenak M, Alfano F, et al. The ICQ asthma algorithm: Inhaled corticosteroid containing resCUE (ICQ) treatment for present and future asthma management. Allergy. 2022 Apr;77(4):1325–1327. doi: 10.1111/all.15131
  • Stempel DA, Stoloff SW, Carranza Rosenzweig JR, et al. Adherence to asthma controller medication regimens. Respir med. 2005 Oct;99(10):1263–1267. doi: 10.1016/j.rmed.2005.03.002
  • Montuschi P, Barnes PJ. New perspectives in pharmacological treatment of mild persistent asthma. Drug Discov Today. 2011 Dec;16(23–24):1084–1091. doi: 10.1016/j.drudis.2011.09.005
  • Boushey HA, Sorkness CA, King TS, et al. Daily versus as-needed corticosteroids for mild persistent asthma. N Engl J Med. 2005 Apr 14;352(15):1519–1528. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa042552
  • Rabe KF, Atienza T, Magyar P, et al. Effect of budesonide in combination with formoterol for reliever therapy in asthma exacerbations: a randomised controlled, double-blind study. Lancet. 2006 Aug 26;368(9537):744–753. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(06)69284-2
  • Papi A, Corradi M, Pigeon-Francisco C, et al. Beclometasone-formoterol as maintenance and reliever treatment in patients with asthma: a double-blind, randomised controlled trial. Lancet Respir Med. 2013 Mar;1(1):23–31. doi: 10.1016/S2213-2600(13)70012-2

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.