267
Views
1
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Articles

A human behaviour-based simulation model for resource allocation at a multi-specialty outpatient clinic

, ORCID Icon, , ORCID Icon &
Pages 283-310 | Received 22 Oct 2021, Accepted 12 Aug 2022, Published online: 02 Sep 2022

References

  • Aeenparast, A., Tabibi, S. J., Shahanaghi, K., & Aryanejhad, M. (2009). Estimating outpatient waiting time: A simulation approach. Payesh (Health Monitor), 8(4), 327–333. https://payeshjournal.ir/article-1-594-en.html
  • Alosaimi, F. D., Alawad, H. S., Alamri, A. K., Saeed, A. I., Aljuaydi, K. A., Alotaibi, A. S., Alotaibi, K. M., & Alfaris, E. A. (2018). Patterns and determinants of stress among consultant physicians working in Saudi Arabia. Advances in Medical Education and Practice, 9, 165–174. https://doi.org/10.2147/AMEP.S155113
  • Anisi, S., Marzban, S., Zarei, E., & Sepehri, M. M. (2017). Identifying process improvement opportunities in gynecology clinic by value stream mapping. IIOAB Journal, 8(1), 27–32.
  • Arch, F. Z. D., Berry, R., Pietrzak, M. P., & Paratore, A. (2008). Integrating disaster preparedness and surge capacity in emergency facility planning. The Journal of Ambulatory Care Management, 31(4), 377–385. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.JAC.0000336556.54460.25
  • Aslani, N., Kuzgunkaya, O., Vidyarthi, N., & Terekhov, D. (2021). A robust optimization model for tactical capacity planning in an outpatient setting. Health Care Management Science, 24(1), 26–40. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10729-020-09528-y
  • Aziz, A. (2004). Sources of perceived stress among American medical doctors: A cross‐cultural perspective. Cross Cultural Management: An International Journal, 11(4), 28–39. https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/13527600410797864/full/html
  • Babyar, J. C. (2017). They did not start the fire: Reviewing and resolving the issue of physician stress and burnout. Journal of Health Organization and Management, 31(4), 410–417. https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/JHOM-11-2016-0212/full/html
  • Baines, T., Mason, S., Siebers, P. O., & Ladbrook, J. (2004). Humans: The missing link in manufacturing simulation? Simulation Modelling Practice and Theory, 12(7–8), 515–526. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1569-190X(03)00094-7
  • Baril, C., Gascon, V., & Cartier, S. (2014). Design and analysis of an outpatient orthopaedic clinic performance with discrete event simulation and design of experiments. Computers & Industrial Engineering, 78, 285–298. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cie.2014.05.006
  • Baril, C., Gascon, V., Miller, J., & Côté, N. (2016). Use of a discrete-event simulation in a Kaizen event: A case study in healthcare. European Journal of Operational Research, 249(1), 327–339. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2015.08.036
  • Bartz-Beielstein, T., Rehbach, F., Mersmann, O., & Bartz, E. (2020). Hospital capacity planning using discrete event simulation under special consideration of the COVID-19 pandemic. arXiv preprint arXiv, 2012, 07188. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2012.07188
  • Bendoly, E., Donohue, K., & Schultz, K. L. (2006). Behavior in operations management: Assessing recent findings and revisiting old assumptions. Journal of Operations Management, 24(6), 737–752. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jom.2005.10.001
  • Bhattacharjee, P., & Ray, P. K. (2014). Patient flow modelling and performance analysis of healthcare delivery processes in hospitals: A review and reflections. Computers & Industrial Engineering, 78, 299–312. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cie.2014.04.016
  • Borkowski, N. (2016). Organizational behavior in health care. Jones & Bartlett Publishers.
  • Brailsford, S. C. (2016). Healthcare: human behavior in simulation models. In M. Kunc, J. Malpass, & L. White (Eds.), Behavioral operational research (pp. 263–280). Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-53551-1_13
  • Brailsford, S. C., Harper, P. R., & Sykes, J. (2012). Incorporating human behaviour in simulation models of screening for breast cancer. European Journal of Operational Research, 219(3), 491–507. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2011.10.041
  • Brailsford, S. C., & Hilton, N. A. (2001). A comparison of discrete event simulation and system dynamics for modelling health care systems. In J. Riley (Eds.), Proceedings from ORAHS 2000 (pp. 18–39). Glasgow, Scotland.
  • Brailsford, S., & Schmidt, B. (2003). Towards incorporating human behaviour in models of health care systems: An approach using discrete event simulation. European Journal of Operational Research, 150(1), 19–31. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0377-2217(02)00778-6
  • Burke, R. J., & Richardsen, A. M. (1990). Sources of satisfaction and stress among Canadian physicians. Psychological Reports, 67(3_suppl), 1335–1344. https://doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1990.67.3f.1335
  • Cai, H., & Jia, J. (2019). Using discrete event simulation (DES) to support Performance-Driven healthcare design. HERD: Health Environments Research & Design Journal, 12(3), 89–106. https://doi.org/10.1177/1937586718801910
  • Cayirli, T., & Veral, E. (2003). Outpatient scheduling in health care: A review of literature. Production and Operations Management, 12(4), 519–549. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1937-5956.2003.tb00218.x
  • Cayirli, T., Veral, E., & Rosen, H. (2006). Designing appointment scheduling systems for ambulatory care services. Health Care Management Science, 9(1), 47–58. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10729-006-6279-5
  • Chahal, K., Eldabi, T., Young, T., & Mustafee, N. (2013). A conceptual framework for hybrid system dynamics and discrete event simulation for healthcare. Journal of Enterprise Information Management, 26(1/2), 50–74. https://doi.org/10.1108/17410391311289541
  • Chakroun, W. O., Rejeb, I., Kammoun, L., Nasri, A., Ghnainia, T., Chaari, A., Ksibi, H., Chaari, A., Bouaziz, M., & Rekik, N. (2013). Evaluation of stress among emergency staff: Survey in a Tunisian emergency department. Annales francaises d’anesthesie et de réanimation, 32(9), 565–571. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annfar.2013.06.008
  • Chen, I. C., Lee Peng, N., Hui Fuang, N., & Lok Sin, K. (2021). Impacts of job-related stress and patient safety culture on patient safety outcomes among nurses in Taiwan. International Journal of Healthcare Management, 14(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1080/20479700.2019.1603419
  • Chung, C. A. (Ed.). (2003). Simulation modeling handbook: A practical approach. CRC press.
  • Cocchiara, R. A., Peruzzo, M., Mannocci, A., Ottolenghi, L., Villari, P., Polimeni, A., Guerra, F., & La Torre, G. (2019). The use of yoga to manage stress and burnout in healthcare workers: A systematic review. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 8(3), 284–291. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm8030284
  • Creemers, S., & Lambrecht, M. (2009). An advanced queueing model to analyze appointment-driven service systems. Computers & Operations Research, 36(10), 2773–2785. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cor.2008.12.008
  • Crowe, S., Cresswell, K., Robertson, A., Huby, G., Avery, A., & Sheikh, A. (2011). The case study approach. BMC Medical Research Methodology, 11(1), 100–110. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2288-11-100
  • Denier, Y. (2005). On personal responsibility and the human right to healthcare. Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics, 14(2), 224–234. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0963180105050309
  • Deuten, S. (2017). Taking care of the right pressure: A dynamic theory of health care work pressure, nurses well-being and patient satisfaction. European Master in System Dynamics. https://theses.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/123456789/6876/Masterthesis%20Sebastiaan%20Deuten.pdf?sequence=1
  • Eccles, M., Grimshaw, J., Walker, A., Johnston, M., & Pitts, N. (2005). Changing the behavior of healthcare professionals: The use of theory in promoting the uptake of research findings. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 58(2), 107–112. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclinepi.2004.09.002
  • Elkosantini, S. (2015). Toward a new generic behavior model for human centered system simulation. Simulation Modelling Practice and Theory, 52, 108–122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.simpat.2014.12.007
  • Field, J. (1980). Problems of urgent consultations within an appointment system. The Journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners, 30(212), 173–177. https://bjgp.org/content/30/212/173.short
  • Franco, L. A., & Hämäläinen, R. P. (2016). Behavioural operational research: Returning to the roots of the OR profession. European Journal of Operational Research, 249(3), 791–795. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2015.10.034
  • Gardner, R. L., Cooper, E., Haskell, J., Harris, D. A., Poplau, S., Kroth, P. J., & Linzer, M. (2019). Physician stress and burnout: The impact of health information technology. Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association, 26(2), 106–114. https://doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocy145
  • Getsios, D., Marton, J. P., Revankar, N., Ward, A. J., Willke, R. J., Rublee, D., Jack, K. I., & Xenakis, J. G. (2013). Smoking cessation treatment and outcomes patterns simulation: A new framework for evaluating the potential health and economic impact of smoking cessation interventions. Pharmacoeconomics, 31(9), 767–780. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40273-013-0070-5
  • Govender, I., Mutunzi, E., & Okonta, H. I. (2012). Stress among medical doctors working in public hospitals of the Ngaka Modiri Molema district (Mafikeng health region), North West province, South Africa. South African Journal of Psychiatry, 18(2), 42–46. https://doi.org/10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v18i2.337
  • Graham, J., Ramirez, A. J., Cull, A., Finlay, I., Hoy, A., & Richards, M. A. (1996). Job stress and satisfaction among palliative physicians. Palliative Medicine, 10(3), 185–194. https://doi.org/10.1177/026921639601000302
  • Greasley, A., & Owen, C. (2016). Behavior in models: A framework for representing human behavior. In M. Kunc, J. Malpass, & L. White (Eds.), Behavioral operational research (pp. 47–63). Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-53551-1_3
  • Griffiths, J. D., Jones, M., Read, M. S., & Williams, J. E. (2010). A simulation model of bed-occupancy in a critical care unit. Journal of Simulation, 4(1), 52–59. https://doi.org/10.1057/jos.2009.22
  • Günal, M. M., & Pidd, M. (2010). Discrete event simulation for performance modelling in health care: A review of the literature. Journal of Simulation, 4(1), 42–51. https://doi.org/10.1057/jos.2009.25
  • Güneş, E. D. (2009). Modeling time allocation for prevention in primary care. Central European Journal of Operations Research, 17(3), 359–380. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10100-009-0094-2
  • Hamrock, E., Paige, K., Parks, J., Scheulen, J., & Levin, S. (2013). Discrete event simulation for healthcare organizations: A tool for decision making. Journal of Healthcare Management, 58(2), 110–124. https://doi.org/10.1097/00115514-201303000-00007
  • Healy, C. M., & McKay, M. F. (2000). Nursing stress: The effects of coping strategies and job satisfaction in a sample of Australian nurses. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 31(3), 681–688. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2648.2000.01323.x
  • Hulshof, P. J., Kortbeek, N., Boucherie, R. J., Hans, E. W., & Bakker, P. J. (2012a). Taxonomic classification of planning decisions in health care: A structured review of the state of the art in OR/MS. Health Systems, 1(2), 129–175. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1057/hs.2012.18
  • Hulshof, P. J., Vanberkel, P. T., Boucherie, R. J., Hans, E. W., van Houdenhoven, M., & van Ommeren, J. K. C. (2012b). Analytical models to determine room requirements in outpatient clinics. OR Spectrum, 34(2), 391–405. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00291-012-0287-2
  • Igarashi, A., Goto, R., Suwa, K., Yoshikawa, R., Ward, A. J., & Moller, J. (2016). Cost-effectiveness analysis of smoking cessation interventions in Japan using a discrete-event simulation. Applied Health Economics and Health Policy, 14(1), 77–87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jval.2015.03.1005
  • Improta, G., Cesarelli, M., Montuori, P., Santillo, L. C., & Triassi, M. (2018). Reducing the risk of healthcare-associated infections through lean six sigma: The case of the medicine areas at the Federico II University Hospital in Naples (Italy). Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice, 24(2), 338–346. https://doi.org/10.1111/jep.12844
  • Jacobson, S. H., Hall, S. N., & Swisher, J. R. (2006). Discrete-event simulation of health care systems. In R. W. Hall (Eds.), Patient flow: Reducing delay in healthcare delivery (pp. 211–252). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-33636-7_8
  • Jin, P. F. K., Dijkgraaf, M. G. W., Alons, C. L., van Kuijk, C., Beenen, L. F. M., Koole, G. M., & Goslings, J. C. (2011). Improving CT scan capabilities with a new trauma workflow concept: Simulation of hospital logistics using different CT scanner scenarios. European Journal of Radiology, 80(2), 504–509. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrad.2009.11.026
  • Jun, J. B., Jacobson, S. H., & Swisher, J. R. (1999). Application of discrete-event simulation in health care clinics: A survey. Journal of the Operational Research Society, 50(2), 109–123. https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jors.2600669
  • Juran, D. C. (1997). The simulation of self-directed production systems: Incorporating human factors. Cornell University.
  • Juran, D. C., & Schruben, L. W. (2004). Using worker personality and demographic information to improve system performance prediction. Journal of Operations Management, 22(4), 355–367. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jom.2004.05.003
  • Kearney, C., Dunne, P., & Wales, W. J. (2020). Entrepreneurial orientation and burnout among healthcare professionals. Journal of Health Organization and Management, 34(1), 16–22. https://doi.org/10.1108/JHOM-09-2019-0259
  • Khamisa, N., Peltzer, K., Ilic, D., & Oldenburg, B. (2017). Effect of personal and work stress on burnout, job satisfaction and general health of hospital nurses in South Africa. health sa gesondheid, 22, 252–258. https://doi.org/10.4102/hsag.v22i0.1011
  • Koyuncu, M., Araz, O. M., Zeger, W., & Damien, P. (2017, June). A simulation model for optimizing staffing in the emergency department. In International Conference on Health Care Systems Engineering (pp. 201–208). Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-66146-9_18
  • Kritchanchai, D., & Hoeur, S. (2018). Simulation modeling for facility allocation of outpatient department. International Journal of Healthcare Management, 11(3), 193–201. https://doi.org/10.1080/20479700.2017.1359920
  • Kunc, M. (2016). Modeling behavioral decision making: Creation and representation of judgment. In behavioral operational research. In M. Kunc, J. Malpass, & L. White (Eds.), Behavioral operational research (pp. 161–175). Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-53551-1_8
  • Kunc, M., Harper, P., & Katsikopoulos, K. (2020). A review of implementation of behavioural aspects in the application of OR in healthcare. Journal of the Operational Research Society, 71(7), 1055–1072. https://doi.org/10.1080/01605682.2018.1489355
  • Kunc, M., Malpass, J., & White, L. (Eds.), (2016). Behavioral operational research: Theory, methodology and practice. Springer.
  • Laraqui, O., Laraqui, S., Tripodi, D., Caubet, A., Verger, C., & Laraqui, C. H. (2008). Évaluation du stress chez le personnel de santé au Maroc: à propos d’une étude multicentrique. Archives des Maladies Professionnelles et de l’Environnement, 69(5–6), 672–682. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.admp.2008.06.014
  • Laurainne, P., Jobin, M. H., Cordeau, J. F., Becker, G., Shanti, A., Kurtz, J. E., & Gourieux, B. (2017). Optimisation du parcours patient en Hôpital de Jour en oncohématologie par simulation intégrée à une démarche kaizen. Logistique & Management, 25(1), 34–42. https://doi.org/10.1080/12507970.2017.1316175
  • Law, A. M., & Kelton, D. W. (2007). Simulation modeling and analysis (3rd ed.). McGraw-Hill.
  • Lazarus, R. S., & Folkman, S. (1984). Stress, appraisal, and coping. Springer publishing company.
  • LeBlanc, V. R., Manser, T., Weinger, M. B., Musson, D., Kutzin, J., & Howard, S. K. (2011). The study of factors affecting human and systems performance in healthcare using simulation. Simulation in Healthcare, 6(7), S24–S29. https://doi.org/10.1097/SIH.0b013e318229f5c8
  • Lehaney, B., Clarke, S. A., & Paul, R. J. (1999). A case of an intervention in an outpatient department. Journal of the Operational Research Society, 50(9), 877–891. https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jors.2600796
  • Lehaney, B., & Hlupic, V. (1995). Simulation modelling for resource allocation and planning in the health sector. Journal of the Royal Society of Health, 115(6), 382–385. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjqs-2013-002742
  • Leonard, C., & Corr, S. (1998). Sources of stress and coping strategies in basic grade occupational therapists. British Journal of Occupational Therapy, 61(6), 257–262. https://doi.org/10.1177/030802269806100605
  • Liu, Y., & Aungsuroch, Y. (2019). Work stress, perceived social support, self‐efficacy and burnout among Chinese registered nurses. Journal of Nursing Management, 27(7), 1445–1453. https://doi.org/10.1111/jonm.12828
  • López-Cabarcos, M. Á., López-Carballeira, A., & Ferro-Soto, C. (2019). The role of emotional exhaustion among public healthcare professionals. Journal of Health Organization and Management, 33(6), 649–655. https://doi.org/10.1108/JHOM-04-2019-0091
  • López-Valcárcel, B. G., & Barber Pérez, P. (1994). Evaluation of alternative functional designs in an emergency department by means of simulation. Simulation, 63(1), 20–28. https://doi.org/10.1177/0037549716673150
  • Lu, Y., Hu, X. M., Huang, X. L., Zhuang, X. D., Guo, P., Feng, L. F., Hu, W., Chen, L., Zou, H, Hao, Y.-T., & Zou, Y. T. (2017). The relationship between job satisfaction, work stress, work–family conflict, and turnover intention among physicians in Guangdong, China: A cross-sectional study. BMJ open, 12(5), e014894. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2016-014894
  • Maslach, C., Jackson, S. E., Leiter, M. P., Schaufeli, W. B., & Schwab, R. L. (1986). Maslach burnout inventory (Vol. 21, pp. 3463–3464). Consulting psychologists press.
  • McCarthy, V. J., Power, S., & Greiner, B. A. (2010). Perceived occupational stress in nurses working in Ireland. Occupational Medicine, 60(8), 604–610. https://doi.org/10.1093/occmed/kqq148
  • Mielczarek, B. (2016). Review of modelling approaches for healthcare simulation. Operations Research and Decisions, 26(1), 55–72. https://doi.org/10.5277/ord160104
  • Mocarzel, B., Shelton, D., Uyan, B., Pérez, E., Jimenez, J. A., & DePagter, L. (2013, December). Modeling and simulation of patient admission services in a multi-specialty outpatient clinic. In 2013 Winter Simulations Conference (WSC) (pp. 2309–2319). IEEE.
  • Mohamed, K., Mustafa, A., Tahtamouni, S., Taha, E., & Hassan, R. (2016). A quality improvement project to reduce the ‘no show’rate in a paediatric neurology clinic. BMJ Open Quality, 5(1), u209266–w3789. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjquality.u209266.w3789
  • Moore, K. A., & Cooper, C. L. (1996). Stress in mental health professionals: A theoretical overview. International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 42(2), 82–89. https://doi.org/10.1177/002076409604200202
  • Morrice, D., Bard J, F., & M. Koenig, K. (2019). Designing and scheduling a multi-disciplinary integrated practice unit for patient-centred care. Health Systems, 9(4), 1–24. https://doi.org/10.1080/20476965.2019.1569481
  • Munavalli, J. R., Boersma, H. J., Rao, S. V., & Van Merode, G. G. (2021). Real-time capacity management and patient flow optimization in hospitals using AI methods. In Masmoudi, M., Jarboui, B., Siarry, P. (Eds). Artificial intelligence and data mining in healthcare (pp. 55–69). Springer.
  • Najimi, A., Goudarzi, A. M., & Sharifirad, G. (2012). Causes of job stress in nurses: A cross-sectional study. Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research, 17(4), 301–305. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3702151/
  • Nasiri, P. A., Jahangiri, K., & Aghamohamadi, S. (2010). Study of waiting times in shahid dastani’s specialized clinics of shariati hospital using by six sigma model. Payavard Salamat, 4(3–4), 50–59. https://www.sid.ir/en/journal/ViewPaper.aspx?id=201228
  • Neumann, W. P., & Dul, J. (2010). Human factors: Spanning the gap between OM and HRM. International Journal of Operations & Production Management, 30(9), 923–950. https://doi.org/10.1108/01443571011075056
  • Noon, C. E., Hankins, C. T., Cote, M. J., & Lieb, M. (2003). Understanding the impact of variation in the delivery of healthcare services/practitioner application. Journal of Healthcare Management, 48(2), 82. https://www.proquest.com/openview/82331c4171a0db910a64ea342b2db9c1/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=7080
  • Pan, C., Zhang, D., Kon, A. W. M., Wai, C. S. L., & Ang, W. B. (2015). Patient flow improvement for an ophthalmic specialist outpatient clinic with aid of discrete event simulation and design of experiment. Health Care Management Science, 18(2), 137–155. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10729-014-9291-1
  • Perez, G. K., Haime, V., Jackson, V., Chittenden, E., Mehta, D. H., & Park, E. R. (2015). Promoting resiliency among palliative care clinicians: Stressors, coping strategies, and training needs. Journal of Palliative Medicine, 18(4), 332–337. https://doi.org/10.1089/jpm.2014.0221
  • Persis, D. J., Sunder, M. V., Sreedharan, V. R., & Saikouk, T. (2020). Improving patient care at a multi-speciality hospital using lean six sigma. Production Planning & Control, 33(12), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1080/09537287.2020.1852623
  • Prosser, D., Johnson, S., Kuipers, E., Szmukler, G., Bebbington, P., & Thornicroft, G. (1997). Perceived sources of work stress and satisfaction among hospital and community mental health staff, and their relation to mental health, burnout and job satisfaction. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 43(1), 51–59. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-3999(97)00086-X
  • Ramirez, A. J., Graham, J., Richards, M. A., Gregory, W. M., & Cull, A. (1996). Mental health of hospital consultants: The effects of stress and satisfaction at work. The Lancet, 347(9003), 724–728. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(96)90077-X
  • Rau, C. L., Tsai, P. F. J., Liang, S. F. M., Tan, J. C., Syu, H. C., Jheng, Y. L., Ciou, T. S., & Jaw, F. S. (2013). Using discrete-event simulation in strategic capacity planning for an outpatient physical therapy service. Health Care Management Science, 16(4), 352–365. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10729-013-9234-2
  • Rodrigues, F. F., Zaric, G. S., & Stanford, D. A. (2018). Discrete event simulation model for planning Level 2 “step-down” bed needs using NEMS. Operations Research for Health Care, 17, 42–54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orhc.2017.10.001
  • Rohleder, T. R., Lewkonia, P., Bischak, D. P., Duffy, P., & Hendijani, R. (2011). Using simulation modeling to improve patient flow at an outpatient orthopedic clinic. Health Care Management Science, 14(2), 135–145. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10729-010-9145-4
  • Rossetti, M. D., Trzcinski, G. F., & Syverud, S. A. (1999, December). Emergency department simulation and determination of optimal attending physician staffing schedules. Proceedings of the 31st Conference on Winter Simulation, 2, 1532–1540.
  • Roy, S., Prasanna Venkatesan, S., & Goh, M. (2020). Healthcare services: A systematic review of patient-centric logistics issues using simulation. Journal of the Operational Research Society, 72(10), 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1080/01605682.2020.1790306
  • Rutberg, M. H., Wenczel, S., Devaney, J., Goldlust, E. J., & Day, T. E. (2015). Incorporating discrete event simulation into quality improvement efforts in health care systems. American Journal of Medical Quality, 30(1), 31–35. https://doi.org/10.1177/2F1062860613512863
  • Saadouli, H., Jerbi, B., Dammak, A., Masmoudi, L., & Bouaziz, A. (2015). A stochastic optimization and simulation approach for scheduling operating rooms and recovery beds in an orthopedic surgery department. Computers & Industrial Engineering, 80, 72–79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cie.2014.11.021
  • Salleh, S., Thokala, P., Brennan, A., Hughes, R., & Booth, A. (2017). Simulation modelling in healthcare: An umbrella review of systematic literature reviews. Pharmaco Economics, 35(9), 937–949. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40273-017-0523-3
  • Santomauro, C. M., Hill, A., McCurdie, T., & McGlashan, H. L. (2020). Improving the quality of evaluation data in simulation-based healthcare improvement projects: A practitioner’s guide to choosing and using published measurement tools. Simulation in Healthcare, 15(5), 341. https://doi.org/10.1097/SIH.0000000000000442
  • Santos, R. D. S., Barreto, C. T. G., Lemos, P. F. S., Duarte, C. A., Moreira, D. D. S., Reis, A. T., Silva, F. H. D., & Nunes, A. S. A. (2021). Management of a university ambulatory service: Nursing in the coping of the pandemic of COVID-19. Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem, 74(n. Suppl 1): e20200571. https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2020-0834
  • Sathiya, N., Ruwaidha, R., Nusrath, F. S., Fathima, F., Gomathy, T., & Shailendra, H. K. (2016). Perceived stress levels and its sources among doctors and nurses working in a tertiary care teaching hospital, Kancheepuram. Tamil Nadu. National Journal of Community Medicine, 7(7), 603–608. https://www.njcmindia.com/index.php/file/article/view/1013
  • Saunders, N. M. (2010). Application of simulation to facility planning utilizing an organization’s forecasted growth strategy. Perspectives in Health Information Management, 7, 1–18. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2966354/
  • Schrijver, I. (2016). Pathology in the medical profession?: Taking the pulse of physician wellness and burnout. Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, 140(9), 976–982. https://doi.org/10.5858/arpa.2015-0524-RA
  • Seila, A. F., & Brailsford, S. (2009). Opportunities and challenges in health care simulation. In Alexopoulos, C., Goldsman, D., Wilson, J. (Eds)., Advancing the frontiers of simulation (pp. 195–229). Springer.
  • Silverman, B. G. (2001). More realistic human behavior models for agents in virtual worlds: Emotion, stress, and value ontologies. T.R., University of Pennsylvania/ACASA.
  • Singh, M., Duggirala, M., Hayatnagarkar, H., & Balaraman, V. (2016a). Multi-agent model of workgroup behavior in an enterprise using a compositional approach. Second Modeling Symposium (ModSym 2016). ISEC.
  • Singh, M., Duggirala, M., Hayatnagarkar, H., Patel, S., & Balaraman, V. (2016b, December). Towards fine grained human behaviour simulation models. Proceedings of the 2016 Winter Simulation Conference, 3452–3463. https://doi.org/10.1109/WSC.2016.7822375
  • Sloman, A., & Logan, B. (1999). Building cognitively rich agents using the SIM_AGENT toolkit. Communications of the ACM, 42(3), 71–77. https://doi.org/10.1145/295685.295704
  • Smith, K. R., Over, A. M.,sJr, Hansen, M. F., Golladay, F. L., & Davenport, E. J. (1976). Analytic framework and measurement strategy for investigating optimal staffing in medical practice. Operations Research, 24(5), 815–841. https://doi.org/10.1287/opre.24.5.815
  • Swisher, J. R., & Jacobson, S. H. (2002). Evaluating the design of a family practice healthcare clinic using discrete-event simulation. Health Care Management Science, 5(2), 75–88. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1014464529565
  • Swisher, J. R., Jacobson, S. H., Jun, J. B., & Balci, O. (2001). Modeling and analyzing a physician clinic environment using discrete-event (visual) simulation. Computers & Operations Research, 28(2), 105–125. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0305-0548(99)00093-3
  • Takakuwa, S., & Katagiri, D. (2007, December). Modeling of patient flows in a large-scale outpatient hospital ward by making use of electronic medical records. Proceedings of the 2010 Winter Simulation Conference, 1523–1531. https://doi.org/10.1109/WSC.2007.4419766
  • Tako, A. A., & Robinson, S. (2015). Is simulation in health different? Journal of the Operational Research Society, 66(4), 602–614. https://doi.org/10.1057/jors.2014.25
  • Thomas, S. J. (2003). Capacity and demand models for radiotherapy treatment machines. Clinical Oncology, 15(6), 353–358. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0936-6555(03)00065-7
  • Vahdat, V., Griffin, J., & Stahl, J. E. (2018). Decreasing patient length of stay via new flexible exam room allocation policies in ambulatory care clinics. Health Care Management Science, 21(4), 492–516. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10729-017-9407-5
  • Vázquez-Serrano, J. I., Peimbert-García, R. E., & Cárdenas-Barrón, L. E. (2021). Discrete-event simulation modeling in healthcare: A comprehensive review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(22), 12262. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182212262
  • Werker, G., Sauré, A., French, J., & Shechter, S. (2009). The use of discrete-event simulation modelling to improve radiation therapy planning processes. Radiotherapy and Oncology, 92(1), 76–82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radonc.2009.03.012
  • White, D. L., Froehle, C. M., & Klassen, K. J. (2011). The effect of integrated scheduling and capacity policies on clinical efficiency. Production and Operations Management, 20(3), 442–455. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1937-5956.2011.01220.x
  • Wiinamaki, A., & Dronzek, R. (2003, December). Emergency departments I: Using simulation in the architectural concept phase of an emergency department design. Proceedings of the 35th conference on Winter simulation: driving innovation1, 1912-1916.
  • Wijewickrama, A., & Takakuwa, S. (2005, December). Simulation analysis of appointment scheduling in an outpatient department of internal medicine. Proceedings of the Winter Simulation Conference, 2264–2273. https://doi.org/10.1109/WSC.2005.1574515
  • Wullink, G., Van Houdenhoven, M., Hans, E. W., van Oostrum, J. M., van der Lans, M., & Kazemier, G. (2007). Closing emergency operating rooms improves efficiency. Journal of Medical Systems, 31(6), 543–546. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10916-007-9096-6
  • Yerkes, R. M., & Dodson, J. D. (1908). The relation of strength of stimulus to rapidity of habit‐formation. Journal of Comparative Neurology and Psychology, 18(5), 459–482.
  • Zhang, X. (2018). Application of discrete event simulation in health care: A systematic review. BMC Health Services Research, 18(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-018-3456-4
  • Zhu, Z., Hen, B. H., & Teow, K. L. (2012). Estimating ICU bed capacity using discrete event simulation. International Journal of Health Care Quality Assurance, 25(2), 134–144. https://doi.org/10.1108/09526861211198290

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.