Predicting erosion at valley fills with two reclamation techniques in mountainous terrain

References

• R. Warner, C.T. Agouridis, and C.D. Barton, Modeling sediment loss on geomorphic regraded forest lands in Kentucky, Proc. Geomorphic Reclamation and Natural Stream Design at Coal Mines: A Technical Interactive Forum, Office of Surface Mining Reclamation and Enforcement (OSMRE), Bristol, VA, April 27–30, 2009.
   Google Scholar
• S. Hoomehr, J.S. Schwartz, D. Yoder, E.C. Drumm, and W. Wright, Erodibility of low-compaction steep-sloped reclaimed surface mine lands in the southern Appalachian region, USA, Hydrol Process 29 (2015), pp. 321–338. doi:10.1002/hyp.v29.3.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• T. Chen, R. Niu, P. Li, L. Zhang, and B. Du, Regional soil erosion risk mapping using RUSLE, GIS, and remote sensing: A case study in Miyun Watershed, North China, Environ Earth Sci 63 (2011), pp. 533–541. doi:10.1007/s12665-010-0715-z.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• C. Carroll, I. Merton, and P. Burger, Impact of vegetative cover and slope on runoff, erosion, and water quality for field plots on a range of soil and spoil materials on central Queensland coal mines, J Soil Res. 38 (2000), pp. 313–327. doi:10.1071/SR99052
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• C. Yao, T. Lei, W.J. Elliot, D.K. McCool, J. Zhao, and S. Chen, Critical conditions for rill initiation, Trans ASABE 51 (2008), pp. 107–114. doi:10.13031/2013.24231.
   Google Scholar
• C. Berger, M. Schulze, D. Rieke-Zapp, and F. Schlunegger, Rill development and soil erosion: A laboratory study of slope and rainfall intensity, Earth Surface Process Landform 35 (2010), pp. 1456–1467. doi:10.1002/esp.1989.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• J.M. Nicolau, Runoff generation and routing on artificial slopes in a Mediterranean-continental environment: The Teruel coalfield, Spain, Hydrol Process 16 (2002), pp. 631–647. doi:10.1002/hyp.308.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• T.J. Toy and W.R. Chuse, Topographic reconstruction: A geomorphic approach, Ecol Eng 24 (2005), pp. 29–35. doi:10.1016/j.ecoleng.2004.12.014.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• T. Espigares, M. Moreno de Las Heras, and J.M. Nicolau, Performance of vegetation in reclaimed slopes affected by soil erosion, Restoration Ecol 19 (2011), pp. 35–44. doi:10.1111/rec.2011.19.issue-1.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• C. Fernandez, J.Q. Wu, D.K. McCool, and C.O. Stöckle, Estimating water erosion and sediment yield with GIS, RUSLE, and SEDD, J Soil Water Conserv. 58 (2003), pp. 128–136
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• M. Kouli, P.F. Soupios, and F. Vallianatos, Soil erosion prediction using the Revised Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) in a GIS framework, Chania, Northwestern Crete, Greece, Environ Earth Sci 57 (2009), pp. 483–497.
   Google Scholar
• D. Measles and N. Bugosh. Making and Building a Fluvial Geomorphic Reclamation Design at an Active Dragline Mine Using the GeoFluv^TM Design Method, ASMR, Gillette, WY, 2007. 30 Years of SMCRA and Beyond.
   Google Scholar
• C. Martin-Moreno, J.F. Martin-Duque, J.M. Nicolau, L. Sanchez, R. Ruiz, M. Sanz, A. Lucia, and I. Zapico, A geomorphic approach for the ecological restoration of kaolin mines at the Upper Tagus Natural Park (Spain), 6th European Conference on Ecological Restoration, Ghent, Belgium, 2008.
   Google Scholar
• J.F. Martin-Duque, M.A. Sanz, J.M. Bodoque, A. Lucia, and C. Martin-Moreno, Restoring earth surface processes through landform design: A 13-year monitoring of a geomorphic reclamation model for quarries on slopes, Earth Surface Processes and Landform 35 (2010), pp. 531–548.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• USEPA, 2013, Level III ecoregions of the continental United States: Corvallis, Oregon, U.S. EPA – National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, map scale 1:7,500,000, Available at http://www.epa.gov/wed/pages/ecoregions/level_iii_iv.htm
   Google Scholar
• U.S. Climate Data, 2014, Climate Logan-West Virginia, Available at http://www.usclimatedata.com/climate/logan/west-virginia/united-states/uswv0442
   Google Scholar
• H. Russell, Soil and slope stability study of geomorphic landform profiles versus approximate original contour for valley fill designs, Master’s thesis, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 2012.
   Google Scholar
• A.E. Sears, C.J. Bise, J.D. Quaranta, and L.C. Hopkinson, Field and modeling study for stream mitigation on surface mine sites in West Virginia, SME Trans 336 (2014), pp. 64–69.
   Google Scholar
• C. Buckley, L.C. Hopkinson, J.D. Quaranta, and P. Ziemkiewicz, Investigating regional design parameters in the design of West Virginia valley fills to support application of geomorphic landform design principles, environmental considerations in energy production, in Society for Mining, Metallurgy, and Exploration, Englewood, J.R. Craynon, ed., Colorado, 2013, PP. 405–414.
   Google Scholar
• D.L. Rosgen, A classification of natural rivers, Catena 22 (1994), pp. 169–199. doi:10.1016/0341-8162(94)90001-9.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• T. Toy, G. Foster, and K. Renard, RUSLE for mining, construction and reclamation lands, Soil Water Conserv Society 54 (1999), pp. 462–467.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• K. Renard, G. Foster, G. Weesies, and J. Porter, RUSLE: Revised universal soil loss equation, Soil Water Conserv Society 46 (1991), pp. 30–33.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• A. Demirci and A. Karaburun, Estimation of soil erosion using RUSLE in a GIS framework: A case study in the Buyukcekmece Lake watershed, northwest Turkey, Environ Earth Sci 66 (2012), pp. 903–913. doi:10.1007/s12665-011-1300-9.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• K. Renard, G. Foster, G. Wessies, D. McCool, and D. Yoder, Predicting Soil Erosion by Water: A Guide to Conservation Planning with the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE), U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agriculture Handbook No. 703, 1997.
   Google Scholar
• USDA, Official Soil Series Descriptions (OSD), National Cooperative Soil Survey, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 2014.
   Google Scholar
• H. Arnoldus, An approximation of the rainfall factor in the universal soil loss equation, in Assessment of Erosion Chichester, M. De Boodt and D. Gabriels, eds., Wiley, New York, NY, 1980.
   Google Scholar
• K.G. Renard and J.R. Freimund, Using monthly precipitation data to estimate the R-factor in the revised USLE, J Hydrology. 157 (1994), pp. 287–306. doi:10.1016/0022-1694(94)90110-4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• W.H. Wischmeier and D.D. Smith, Predicting Rainfall Erosion Losses-A Guide to Conservation Planning, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Handbook No. 537, 1978.
   Google Scholar
• B.Y. Liu, M.A. Nearing, P.J. Shi, and Z.W. Jia, Slope length effects on soil loss for steep slopes, Sustaining the Global Farm (2001), pp. 784–788.
   Google Scholar
• NRCS, Natural Resources Conservation Service, 2013, Web Soil Survey (WSS), U.S. Department of Agriculture. Available at http://websoilsurvey.sc.egov.usda.gov/App/HomePage.htm
   Google Scholar
• K.G. Evans and R.J. Loch, Using the RUSLE to identify factors controlling erosion rates of mine soils, Land Degradation & Development 7 (1996), pp. 267–277. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1099-145X(199609)7:3<267::AID-LDR233>3.0.CO;2-E.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WVGISTC, West Virginia GIS Technical Center, 2015, Data download: Digital elevation models, Available at http://wvgis.wvu.edu/data/data.php
   Google Scholar
• USDA, Soil Survey Manual, Soil Survey Division Staff, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 1951.
   Google Scholar
• W.H. Orem and R.B. Finkelman, Sediments, Diagenesis, and Sedimentary Rocks, Treatise on Geochemistry, 2003.
   Google Scholar
• WVDEP, 2011a, Permit ID S500809 Coal-Mac, Inc. Pine Creek No. 2 Surface Mine, West Virginia Department of Environmental Protection.
   Google Scholar
• L. Hopkinson, J. Quaranta, M. Armstead, J. Hause, and N. Depriest, Assessing geomorphic reclamation in valley fill design for West Virginia, Final report prepared under the U.S. Office of Surface Mining and Reclamation Enforcement, Cooperative Agreement No. S12AC20020, 2015, 54 p.
   Google Scholar
• WVDEP, 2011b, Title 38 legislative rule series 2: West Virginia surface mining reclamation rule, West Virginia Department of Environmental Protection. Available at http://www.dep.wv.gov/dmr/codes/Documents/1.%2038%20CSR%202%20Revised%2020-05-2012.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Illinois DNR. Citizen’s Guide to Farmland Reclamation, Illinois Department of Natural Resources, Office of Mines and Minerals, Land Reclamation Division.
   Google Scholar
• Tensar, 2013, Tensar International Corp. HydraMax: Specification sheet-HydraCMTM steep slope matrix. Available at http://www.tensarnagreen.com/Systems-and-products/HydraMax
   Google Scholar
• S.A. Prats, M.C. Malvar, D.C.S. Vieira, L. MacDonald, and J.J. Keizer, Effectiveness of hydromulching to reduce runoff and erosion in a recently burnt pine plantation in Central Portugal, Land Degradation & Development (2013).
   Google Scholar
• K.L. Baker, Costs of reclamation on Southern Appalachian coal mines: a cost-effectiveness analysis for reforestation versus hayland/pasture reclamation, Master’s thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, 2008.
   Google Scholar
• W.R. Curtis and M.J. Superfesky, Erosion of surface mine spoils, Proc. of 32nd Annual Meeting of the Soil Conservation Society of America, 1977, pp. 154–158.
   Google Scholar
• J.E. McIntosh and R.I. Barnhisel, Erodibility and sediment yield by natural rainfall from reconstructed mine spoils, J.Soil Sci. 156 (1993), pp. 118–126. doi:10.1097/00010694-199308000-00008
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• N. Bugosh and E. Epp, Evaluating Sediment Production from Watersheds at La Plata Mine, 2014 OSM National Technical Forum-Geomorphic Reclamation at Coal Mines, Albuquerque, New Mexico, 2014.
   Google Scholar
• D.C. Yoder, G.R. Foster, G.A. Wessies, K.G. Renard, D.K. McCool, and J.B. Lown, Evaluation of the RUSLE soil erosion model, Southern Association of Agricultural Experiment Station Directors (SAAESD), 2016. Available at http://s1004.okstate.edu/S1004/Regional-Bulletins/Modeling-Bulletin/rusle-yoder-001016.html
   Google Scholar