Required strength design of cemented backfill for underground metalliferous mine

References

• M.K. Mishra and K.U.M. Rao, Geotechnical characterization of fly ash composites for backfilling mine voids Geotech, Geolog. Eng 24 (2006), pp. 1749–1765. doi:10.1007/s10706-006-6805-8.
   Google Scholar
• S.K. Behera, D.P. Mishra, C.N. Ghosh, P. Singh, P.K. Mandal, K.M.P. Singh, J. Buragohain, and P.K. Singh, Characterization of lead–zinc mill tailings, fly ash and their mixtures for paste backfilling in underground metalliferous mines, Environ. Earth. Sci. 78, 394 (2019), doi: 10.1007/s12665-019-8395-9.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• C. Qi, A. Fourie, Q. Chen, and Q. Zhang, A strength prediction model using artificial intelligence for recycling waste tailings as cemented paste backfill. J Clean Prod. 183 (2018), 566–578.
   Google Scholar
• H. Zhang, S. Cao, and E. Yilmaz, Influence of 3D-printed polymer structures on dynamic splitting and crack propagation behaviour of cementitious tailings backfill, Constr. Build. Mater. 343(2022), 128137. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2022.128137.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• H. Niu, F.P. Hassani, M.F. Kermani, and M. He, Rheological and mechanical properties of fibre-reinforced cemented paste and foam backfill, Int. J. Min. Reclam. Environ. 35 (7) (2021), pp. 488–505. doi:10.1080/17480930.2021.1883217.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• M.Z. Emad, H. Mitri, and C. Kelly, State-of-the-art review of backfill practices for sublevel stoping system, Int J Min Reclam Envi 29 (2015), pp. 544–556. doi:10.1080/17480930.2014.889363.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• K. Mishra, P.S. Paul, C.N. Ghosh, P. Singh, S.K. Behera, and P.K. Mandal, Predicting and optimising the strength of cemented paste fills through Bayesian network model, Mining. Metall. Explor 39 (2022), pp. 2095–2120. doi:10.1007/s42461-022-00650-9.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• R. Rankine, M. Pacheco, and N. Sivakugan, Underground Mining with backfills, Soils Rocks São Paulo 30 (2007), pp. 93–101. doi:10.28927/SR.302093.
   Google Scholar
• X. Shi, H. Zhou, X. Sun, Z. Cao, and Q. Zhao, Floor damage mechanism with cemented paste backfill mining method, Arab. J. Geosci. 14 (2) (2021). doi: 10.1007/s12517-020-06368-6.
   Google Scholar
• E. Yilmaz, T. Belem, B. Bussière, M. Mbonimpa, and M. Benzaazoua, Curing time effect on consolidation behaviour of cemented paste backfill containing different cement types and contents, Constr. Build. Mater. 75 (2015), pp. 99–111. doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.11.008.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• C. Qi and A. Fourie, Cemented paste backfill for mineral tailings management review and future perspectives, Miner. Eng. 144 (2019a) (2019), pp. 106025. doi:10.1016/j.mineng.2019.106025.
   Google Scholar
• C. Qi and A. Fourie, Numerical investigation of the stress distribution in backfilled stopes considering creep behaviour of rock mass, Rock Mech. Rock Eng 52 (2019b) (2019), pp. 3353–3371. doi:10.1007/s00603-019-01781-0.
   Google Scholar
• S.K. Behera, D.P. Mishra, P. Singh, K. Mishra, S.K. Mandal, C.N. Ghosh, R. Kumar, and P.K. Mandal, Utilization of mill tailings, fly ash and slag as mine paste backfill material: Review and future perspective, Constr. Build. Mater. 309 (2021), pp. 125120. doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2021.125120.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• E. Yilmaz, T. Belem, and M. Benzaazoua, Effects of curing and stress conditions on hydromechanical, geotechnical and geochemical properties of cemented paste backfill, Eng. Geol. 168 (2014), pp. 23–37. doi:10.1016/j.enggeo.2013.10.024.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• S. Panchal, D. Debasis, and T. Sreenivas, Mill tailings based composites as paste backfill in mines of U-bearing dolomitic limestone ore, J. Rock Mech. Geotech. Eng. 10 (2018), pp. 310–322. doi:10.1016/j.jrmge.2017.08.004.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• N. Huiya, F.P. Hassani, M.F. Kermani, and M. He, Rheological and mechanical properties of fibre-reinforced cemented paste and foam backfill, Int J Min Reclam Envi 35 (2021), pp. 488–505. doi:10.1080/17480930.2021.1883217.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• C. Wang, M. Hu, X. Wang, and Y. Han, Experimental study on roadway backfill mining of paste-like material, Arab. J. Geosci. 14 (7) (2021). doi: 10.1007/s12517-021-06958-y
   Google Scholar
• R.J. Mitchell, R.S. Olsen, and J.D. Smith, Model studies on cemented tailings used in mine backfill, Can. Geotech. J. 19 (1) (1982), pp. 14–28. doi:10.1139/t82-002.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• L. Li and M. Aubertin, A modified solution to assess the required strength of exposed backfill in mine stopes, Can. Geotech. J. 49 (8) (2012), pp. 994–1002. doi:10.1139/t2012-056.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• L. Li, Analytical solution for determining the required strength of a side-exposed mine backfill containing a plug, Can. Geotech. J. 51 (5) (2014), pp. 508–519. doi: 10.1139/cgj-2013-0227.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• L. Li, Generalized solution for mining backfill design, Int. J. Geomech. 14(2014b), doi:10.1061/(ASCE)GM.1943-5622.0000329.
   Google Scholar
• G. Liu, L. Li, Y. Xiaocong, and L. Guo, Stability analyses of vertically exposed cemented backfill: A revisit to Mitchell’s physical model tests, Int. J. Min. Sci. Technol. 26 (6) (2016), pp. 1135–1144. doi:10.1016/j.ijmst.2016.09.024.
   Google Scholar
• P. Yang, L. Li, and M. Aubertin, A new solution to assess the required strength of mine backfill with a vertical exposure, Int. J. Geomech. 17 (10) (2017). doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)GM.1943-5622.0000975.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• G. Liu, L. Li, X. Yang, and L. Guo, Required strength estimation of a cemented backfill with the front wall exposed and back wall pressured, Int. J. Mech. Mater. Eng 9 (2018), pp. 1–20. doi:10.1504/IJMME.2018.091214.
   Google Scholar
• L. Li and M. Aubertin, An improved method to assess the required strength of cemented backfill in underground stopes with an open face, Int. J. Min. Sci. Technol. 24 (2014), pp. 549–558. doi:10.1016/j.ijmst.2014.05.020.
   Google Scholar
• Z. Yang, S. Zhai, Q. Gao, and M. Li, Stability analysis of large-scale stope using stage subsequent filling mining method in Sijiaying iron mine, J. Rock Mech. Geotech. Eng. 7 (2015), pp. 87–94. doi:10.1016/j.jrmge.2014.11.003.
   Google Scholar
• L. Guo, G. Liu, and X.Y. And, Models of three-dimensional arching stress and strength requirement for the backfill in open stoping with subsequent backfill mining, Meitan Xuebao/J. China Coal Soc. 44 (2019), pp. 1391–1403. doi:10.13225/j.cnki.jccs.2019.6025.
   Google Scholar
• M. Grabinsky, W. Bawden, and B. Thompson, Required plug strength for continuously poured cemented paste backfill in longhole stopes, Mining 1 (1) (2021), pp. 80–99. doi:10.3390/mining1010006.
   Google Scholar
• C. Qi, L. Guo, Y. Wu, Q. Zhang, and Q. Chen, Stability evaluation of layered backfill considering filling interval, backfill strength and creep behavior, Minerals 12 (2) (2022), pp. 271. doi:10.3390/min12020271.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• R. Wang and L. Li, Time-dependent stability analyses of side-exposed backfill considering creep of surrounding rock mass, Rock Mech. Rock Eng 55 (4) (2022), pp. 2255–2279. doi:10.1007/s00603-022-02776-0.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• L. Cui and M. Fall, Mathematical modelling of cemented tailings backfill: A review, Int J Min Reclam Envi 33 (2019), pp. 389–408. doi:10.1080/17480930.2018.1453320.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• P. Singh, C.N. Ghosh, S.K. Behera, K. Mishra, D. Kumar, J. Buragohain, and P.K. Mandal, Optimisation of binder alternative for cemented paste fill in underground metal mines, Arab. J. Geosci. 12 (15) (2019). doi:10.1007/s12517-019-4623-6.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• E. Arioglu, Design aspects of cemented aggregate fill mixes for tungsten stoping operations, Int. J. Min. Sci. Technol. 1 (1984), pp. 209–214. doi:10.1016/S0167-9031(84)90414-6.
   Google Scholar
• L.J. Chen and D. Jiao, A design procedure for cemented fill for open stoping operations, Int. J. Min. Sci. Technol. 12 (1991), pp. 333–343. doi:10.1016/0167-9031(91)91277-O.
   Google Scholar
• S. Zou and N. Nadarajah, Optimizing Backfill Design for Ground Support and Cost saving, 41st US Symposium on Rock Mechanics (USRMS), American Rock Mechanics Association, Golden, Colorado, 2006.
   Google Scholar
• A.P.E. Dirige, R.L. McNearny, and D.S. Thompson, The Effect of Stope Inclination and Wall Rock Roughness on Backfill Free Face Stability, 3rd Canada–US Rock Mechanics Symposium, Toronto, 2009.
   Google Scholar
• M. Fahey, M. Helinski, and A. Fourie, Some aspects of the mechanics of arching in backfilled stopes, Can. Geotech. J. 46 (2009), pp. 1322–1336. doi:10.1139/T09-063.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• N. Falaknaz, M. Aubertin, and L. Li, Evaluation of the stress state in two adjacent backfilled stopes within an elasto-plastic rock mass, Geotech. Geolog. Eng (2015a), pp. 1–24. doi:10.1007/s10706-015-9868-6.
   Google Scholar
• L. Li, M. Aubertin, and T. Belem, Formulation of a three dimensional analytical solution to evaluate stress in backfilled vertical narrow openings, Can. Geotech. J. 42 (2005), pp. 1705–1717. doi:10.1139/t05-084.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• L. Li, M. Aubertin, and T. Belem, Erratum formulation of a three dimensional analytical solution to evaluate stress in backfilled vertical narrow openings, Can. Geotech. J. 43 (2006), pp. 338–339. doi:10.1139/t06-017.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• M. Helinski, M. Fahey, and A. Fourie, Coupled two-dimensional finite element modelling of mine backfilling with cemented tailings, Can. Geotech. J. 47 (2010), pp. 1187–1200. doi: 10.1139/T10-020.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• L.J. Porathur, M. Jose, R. Bhattacharjee, and S. Tewari, Numerical modeling approach for design of water retaining dams in underground hard rock mines a case example, Arab. J. Geosci. 11 (2018). doi:10.1007/s12517-018-4097-y.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• P. Page, L. Li, P. Yang, and R. Simon, Numerical investigation of the stability of a base-exposed sill mat made of cemented backfill, Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. 114 (2019), pp. 195–207. doi:10.1016/j.ijrmms.2018.10.008.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• D. Deb and S. Jain, Compaction based analytical stress model for 3D inclined backfilled stopes, Int. J. Geomech 18 (2018), pp. 1–10. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)GM.1943-5622.0001112.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• L. Li and M. Aubertin, A three-dimensional analysis of the total and effective stresses in submerged backfilled stopes, Geotech. Geolog. Eng 27 (2009), pp. 559–569. doi:10.1007/s10706-009-9257-0.
   Google Scholar
• N. Falaknaz, M. Aubertin, and L. Li, Numerical analyses of the stress state in two neighboring stopes excavated and backfilled in sequence, Int. J. Geomech. 15 (6) (2015). doi:10.1061/(ASCE)GM.1943-5622.0000466.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• A. Jahanbakhshzadeh, M. Aubertin, and L. Li, Analysis of the stress distribution in inclined backfilled stopes using closed-form solutions and numerical simulations, Geotech. Geolog. Eng 36 (2018), pp. 1011–1036. doi:10.1007/s10706-017-0371-0.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Itasca. Flac3D-Fast Lagrangian analysis of continua user’s guide. Minneapolis. Itasca Consulting Group, 2012; software available at https://www.itascacg.com/software/flac3d.
   Google Scholar
• G. Liu, L. Li, X. Yang, and L. Guo, A numerical analysis of the stress distribution in backfilled stopes considering nonplanar interfaces between the backfill and rock walls, Int. J. Geotech. Eng 10 (3) (2016), pp. 271–282. doi:10.1080/19386362.2015.1132123.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• G. Liu, L. Li, X. Yang, and L. Guo, Numerical analysis of stress distribution in backfilled stopes considering interfaces between the backfill and rock walls, Int. J. Geomech. 17 (2) (2017). doi:10.1061/(ASCE)GM.1943-5622.0000702.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• K. Fang, J. Zhang, L. Cui, L. Ding, X. Xu, and W. Timms, Mathematical modelling and simulation for hydrating backfill body under cemented paste backfill/rock interface loading, Int J Min Reclam Envi 37 (2022), pp. 87–109. doi:10.1080/17480930.2022.2142423.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• E.T. Brown and E. Hoek, Trends in relationships between measured in-situ stresses and depth, Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. 15 (4) (1978), pp. 211–215. doi:10.1016/0148-9062(78)91227-5.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• P.R. Sheorey, A theory for in situ stresses in isotropic and transversely isotropic rock, Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. 31 (1994), pp. 23–34. doi:10.1016/0148-9062(94)92312-4.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• P.R. Sheorey, M.G. Murali, and A. Sinha, Influence of elastic constants on the horizontal in situ stresses, Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. 38 (8) (2001), pp. 1211–1216. doi:10.1016/S1365-1609(01)00069-7.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• S.K. Behera, C.N. Ghosh, D.P. Mishra, P. Singh, K. Mishra, J. Buragohain, and P.K. Mandal, Strength development and microstructural investigation of lead-zinc mill tailings based paste backfill with fly ash as alternative binder, Cem. Concr. Compos 109 (2020), pp. 103553. doi:10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2020.103553.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• S.K. Behera, C.N. Ghosh, K. Mishra, D.P. Mishra, P. Singh, P.K. Mandal, J. Buragohain, and M.K. Sethi, Utilisation of lead–zinc mill tailings and slag as paste backfill materials, Environ. Earth. Sci. 79 (2020b). doi:10.1007/s12665-020-09132-x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• A. Jahanbakhshzadeh, M. Aubertin, and L. Li, A new analytical solution for the stress state in inclined backfilled mine stopes, Geotech. Geolog. Eng 35 (2017), pp. 1151–1167. doi:10.1007/s10706-017-0171-6.
   Google Scholar
• S.K. Behera, D.P. Mishra, P. Singh, A. Godugu, K. Mishra, P.K. Mandal, S.K. Mandal, and A.K. Mishra, Tensile strength of cemented paste backfill for lead–zinc mill tailings: Lab and in situ scenarios, Arab. J. Geosci. 16, 451 (2023), doi:10.1007/s12517-023-11536-5.
   Google Scholar
• S.K. Behera, P. Singh, D.P. Mishra, C.N. Ghosh, S. Verma, A. Mohanty, K. Mishra, P.K. Singh, and P.K. Singh, Slump test laboratory and numerical simulation based approach for consistency of mill tailings paste, Curr. Sci. 117 (2019b), pp. 235–241. doi:10.18520/cs/v117/i2/235-241.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar