Ecological functionality of landscapes with alternative rehabilitations of depleted aggregate sites

References

• 1990 . Ontario Aggregate Resources Act, in RSO 1990, Chapter A8
   Google Scholar
• Angel , P. N. 2009 . Reclamation with trees: the ‘dark ages’ and the ‘Renaissance’ . Int. J. Min. Reclamat. Environ , 23 : 1 – 3 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Corry , R. C. , Lafortezza , R. , Brown , R. D. , Kenny , N. and Robertson , P. J. 2008 . Guiding ecological restoration with contextual landscape information: An approach for pits and quarries in Ontario . Ecol. Restor , 26 : 120 – 127 .
   Google Scholar
• Levin , S. A. 1992 . The problem of pattern and scale in ecology . Ecology , 73 : 1943 – 1967 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McGarigal , K. , Cushman , S. A. , Neel , M. C. and Ene , E. 2002 . FRAGSTATS: Spatial Pattern Analysis Program for Categorical Maps , Amherst : University of Massachusetts .
   Google Scholar
• Gustafson , E. J. 1998 . Quantifying landscape spatial pattern: What is the state of the art? . Ecosystems , 1 : 143 – 156 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adriaensen , F. , Chardon , J. P. , De Blust , G. , Swinnen , E. , Villalba , S. , Gulinck , H. and Matthysen , E. 2003 . The application of ‘least-cost’ modelling as a functional landscape model . Landscape Urban Plan , 64 : 233 – 247 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lafortezza , R. and Brown , R. D. 2004 . A framework for landscape ecological design of new patches in the rural landscape . Environ. Manage , 34 : 461 – 473 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nassauer , J. I. and Corry , R. C. 2004 . Using normative scenarios in landscape ecology . Landscape Ecol , 19 : 343 – 356 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lacki , M. J. , Hummer , J. W. and Webster , H. J. 1991 . Avian diversity at a constructed wetland: Use of ecological theory in the evaluation of a mine land reclamation technique . Int. J. Min. Reclamat. Environ , 5 : 101 – 105 .
   Google Scholar
• Lepczyk , C. A. , Mertig , A. G. and Liu , J. G. 2004 . Landowners and cat predation across rural-to-urban landscapes . Biol. Conservat , 115 : 191 – 201 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McWilliam , W. J. and Brown , R. D. 2001 . Effects of housing development on bird species diversity in a forest fragment in Ontario, Canada . Landscape Res , 26 : 407 – 419 .
   Google Scholar
• Neave , E. , Baldwin , D. and Neilsen , C. 2008 . National Agri-Environmental Standards Initiative Technical Series - Tier 2 and 3 Standards - Habitat-Based Biodiversity Standards Decision Support Process and Results of Eastern Ontario Pilot Project , 312 Canada, Ottawa : Agriculture and Agri-Food .
   Google Scholar
• Kost , M. A. , Albert , D. A. , Cohen , J. G. , Slaughter , B. S. , Schillo , R. K. , Weber , C. R. and Chapman , K. A. 2007 . Natural Communities of Michigan: Classification and Description , 314 Lansing, Michigan : Michigan State University Extension .
   Google Scholar
• Chardon , J. P. , Adriaensen , F. and Matthysen , E. 2003 . Incorporating landscape elements into a connectivity measure: A case study for the Speckled wood butterfly (Pararge aegeria L.) . Landscape Ecol , 18 : 561 – 573 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Knaapen , J. P. , Scheffer , M. and Harms , B. 1992 . Estimating habitat isolation in landscape planning . Landscape Urban Plan , 23 : 1 – 16 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shippers , P. , Verboom , J. , Knaapen , J. P. and van Apeldoorn , R. C. 1996 . Dispersal and habitat connectivity in complex heterogeneous landscapes: An analysis with a GIS-based random walk model . Ecography , 19 : 97 – 106 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Corry , R. C. and Nassauer , J. I. 2005 . Limitations of using landscape pattern indices to evaluate the ecological consequences of alternative plans and designs . Landscape Urban Plan , 72 : 265 – 280 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hargis , C. D. , Bissonette , J. A. and David , J. L. 1998 . The behavior of landscape metrics commonly used in the study of habitat fragmentation . Landscape Ecol , 13 : 167 – 186 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Turner , M. G. 1989 . Landscape ecology: The effect of pattern on process . Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst , 20 : 171 – 197 .
   Google Scholar
• Tewksbury , J. J. , Levey , D. J. , Haddad , N. M. , Sargent , S. , Orrock , J. L. , Weldon , A. , Danielson , B. J. , Brinkerhoff , J. , Damschen , E. I. and Townsend , P. 2002 . Corridors affect plants, animals, and their interactions in fragmented landscapes . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , 99 : 12923 – 12926 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li , H. and Reynolds , J. F. 1995 . On definition and quantification of heterogeneity . Oikos , 73 : 280 – 284 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Turner , M. G. , Gardner , R. H. and O'Neill , R. V. 2001 . Landscape Ecology in Theory and Practice: Pattern and Process , 401 New York : Springer‐Verlag .
   Google Scholar
• Collinge , S. K. 1996 . Ecological consequences of habitat fragmentation: Implications for landscape architecture and planning . Landscape Urban Plan , 36 : 59 – 77 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Corry , R. C. , Lafortezza , R. and Brown , R.D. Cultural acceptability of alternative pit and quarry rehabilitations . Ecological Restoration , University of Wisconsin Press. (In review)
   Google Scholar