Social connectedness and the role of virtual reality: experiences and perceptions of people living with dementia and their caregivers

References

• Alzheimer’s Association. Alzheimer’s disease facts and figures. Alzheimer’s Dement. 2017;13(4):325–373. 2017 2017/04/01/
   Google Scholar
• Moyle W. The promise of technology in the future of dementia care. Nat Rev Neurol. 2019;15(6):353–359. doi: 10.1038/s41582-019-0188-y.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patterson C. The state of the art of dementia research: new frontiers. World Alzheimer Report. 2018;2018
   Google Scholar
• Sathianathan R, Kantipudi SJ. The dementia epidemic: impact, prevention, and challenges for India. Indian J Psychiatry. 2018;60(2):165–167. doi: 10.4103/psychiatry.IndianJPsychiatry_261_18.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Sousa A. Technology and dementia care—global challenges. In: Shankardass MK, editor. Dementia care. Singapore: Springer Singapore; 2021. p. 301–310.
   Google Scholar
• Waycott J, Vetere F, Ozanne E. Building social connections: a framework for enriching older adults’ social connectedness through information and communication technologies. In: Neves BB, Vetere F, editors. Ageing and digital technology. Singapore: Springer Singapore; 2019. p. 65–82.
   Google Scholar
• Cooper C, Mansour H, Carter C, et al. Social connectedness and dementia prevention: pilot of the APPLE-Tree video-call intervention during the covid-19 pandemic. Dementia . 2021;20(8):2779–2801. doi: 10.1177/14713012211014382.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Di Marco LY, Marzo A, Muñoz-Ruiz M, et al. Modifiable lifestyle factors in dementia: a systematic review of longitudinal observational cohort studies. J Alzheimers Dis. 2014;42(1):119–135. doi: 10.3233/JAD-132225.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rutledge P. Social networks: what maslow misses. Psychol Today. 2011;:1–4.
   Google Scholar
• Pandey V, Astha A, Mishra N, et al. Do social connections and digital technologies act as social cure during COVID-19? [original research. Front Psychol. 2021;12:634621. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.634621.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morgan T, Wiles J, Park H-J, et al. Social connectedness: what matters to older people? Ageing Soc. 2021;41(5):1126–1144. doi: 10.1017/S0144686X1900165X.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heins P, Boots LMM, Koh WQ, et al. The effects of technological interventions on social participation of community-dwelling older adults with and without dementia: a systematic review. J Clin Med. 2021;10(11):2308. doi: 10.3390/jcm10112308.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Bel DT, Smolders KC, IJsselsteijn WA, et al. Social connectedness: concept and measurement. Intelligent environments 2009. Amsterdam, Netherlands: IOS Press; 2009. p. 67–74.
   Google Scholar
• Visser T, Vastenburg MH, Keyson DV. Designing to support social connectedness: the case of SnowGlobe. Int J Des. 2011;5(3):129–142.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reis HT, Patrick BC. Attachment and intimacy: component processes. In: Higgins ET and Kruglanski AW, editors. Social psychology: Handbook of basic principles. The Guilford Press; 1996. p. 523–563.
   Google Scholar
• Poey JL, Burr JA, Roberts JS. Social connectedness, perceived isolation, and dementia: does the social environment moderate the relationship between genetic risk and cognitive well-being? Gerontologist. 2017;57(6):1031–1040. doi: 10.1093/geront/gnw154.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hare-Duke L, Dening T, de Oliveira D, et al. Conceptual framework for social connectedness in mental disorders: systematic review and narrative synthesis. J Affect Disord. 2019;245:188–199. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.10.359.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zaine I, Frohlich DM, Rodrigues K, et al. Promoting social connection and deepening relations among older adults: design and qualitative evaluation of media parcels. J Med Internet Res. 2019;21(10):e14112. doi: 10.2196/14112.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Górska S, Forsyth K, Maciver D. Living with dementia: a meta-synthesis of qualitative research on the lived experience. Gerontologist. 2018;58(3):e180–e196.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Masoud SS, Meyer KN, Martin Sweet L, et al. We don’t feel so alone’: a qualitative study of virtual memory cafes to support social connectedness among individuals living with dementia and care partners during COVID-19 [original research]. Front Public Health. 2021;9:660144. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.660144.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Balouch S, Rifaat E, Chen HL, et al. Social networks and loneliness in people with alzheimer’s dementia. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2019;34(5):666–673. doi: 10.1002/gps.5065.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liddle J, Pitcher N, Montague K, et al. Connecting at local level: exploring opportunities for future design of technology to support social connections in age-friendly communities. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(15):5544. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17155544.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barbosa Neves B, Franz R, Judges R, et al. Can digital technology enhance social connectedness among older adults? A feasibility study. J Appl Gerontol. 2019;38(1):49–72. doi: 10.1177/0733464817741369.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoel V, Ambugo EA, Wolf-Ostermann K. Sustaining our relationship: dyadic interactions supported by technology for people with dementia and their informal caregivers. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;19(17):10956. doi: 10.3390/ijerph191710956.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moyle W, Jones C, Dwan T, et al. Using telepresence for social connection: views of older people with dementia, families, and health professionals from a mixed methods pilot study. Aging Ment Health. 2019;23(12):1643–1650. doi: 10.1080/13607863.2018.1509297.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hung L, Chow B, Shadarevian J, et al. Using touchscreen tablets to support social connections and reduce responsive behaviours among people with dementia in care settings: a scoping review. Dementia. 2021;20(3):1124–1143. doi: 10.1177/1471301220922745.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Brankaert R, Kenning G, Welsh D, et al. editors. Intersections in HCI, design and dementia: inclusivity in participatory approaches. Companion publication of the 2019 on designing interactive systems conference 2019 companion (DIS ‘19 Companion). New York, NY: Association for Computing Machinery; 2019. p. 357–360. doi: 10.1145/3301019.3319997.
   Google Scholar
• Flynn A, Healy D, Barry M, et al. Key stakeholders’ ex­periences and perceptions of virtual reality for older adults living with dementia: systematic review and thematic synthesis. JMIR Serious Games. 2022;10(4):e37228. doi: 10.2196/37228.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koh WQ, Heins P, Flynn A, et al. Bridging gaps in the design and implementation of socially assistive technologies for dementia care: the role of occupational therapy. Disabil Rehabil: Assist Technol. 2022; 1–9. doi: 10.1080/17483107.2022.2111610
   Google Scholar
• Sun W, Quevedo A. Co-Designing a virtual reality application to enhance reminiscence therapy for persons with dementia. Innov Aging. 2021;5(Supplement_1):996–996. doi: 10.1093/geroni/igab046.3575.
   Google Scholar
• Bryant L, Sedlarevic N, Stubbs P, et al. Collaborative co-design and evaluation of an immersive virtual reality application prototype for communication rehabilitation (DISCOVR prototype). Disabil Rehabil Assist Technol. 2022;19(1):90–99. doi: 10.1080/17483107.2022.2063423.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Orr N, Yeo NL, Dean SG, et al. ‘It makes you feel that you are there’: exploring the acceptability of virtual reality nature environments for people with memory loss. Geriatrics. 2021;6(1):27. doi: 10.3390/geriatrics6010027.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Appel L, Ali S, Narag T, et al. Virtual reality to promote wellbeing in persons with dementia: a scoping review. J Rehabil Assist Technol Eng. 2021;8:20556683211053952. doi: 10.1177/20556683211053952.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baker S, Kelly R, Waycott M, et al. Interrogating social virtual reality as a communication medium for older adults. Proc ACM Hum-Comput Interact. 2019;3(CSCW):1–24. doi: 10.1145/3359251.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zamanifard S, Freeman G, editors. A surprise birthday party in VR: leveraging social virtual reality to maintain existing close ties over distance. Information for a better world: normality. Virtuality, physicality, inclusivity. 2023; Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland.
   Google Scholar
• Wei X, Gu Y, Kuang E, et al. editors. Bridging the generational gap: exploring how virtual reality supports remote communication between grandparents and grandchildren. Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI ‘23). New York, NY: Association for Computing Machinery; 2023. Article 444, p. 1–15. doi: 10.1145/3544548.3581405.
   Google Scholar
• Baker S, Kelly RM, Waycott J, et al. School’s back: scaffolding reminiscence in social virtual reality with older adults. Proc ACM Hum-Comput Interact. 2021;4(CSCW3):1–25. doi: 10.1145/3434176.
   Google Scholar
• Xu TB, Mostafavi A, Kim BC, et al. Designing virtual environments for social engagement in older adults: a qualitative multi-site study. Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems; Hamburg, Germany: Association for Computing Machinery; 2023. p. Article 779. doi: 10.1145/3544548.3581262.
   Google Scholar
• Sancho-Esper F, Ostrovskaya L, Rodriguez-Sanchez C, et al. Virtual reality in retirement communities: technology acceptance and tourist destination recommendation. J Vacat Mark. 2022;29(2):275–290. 2023/04/01doi: 10.1177/13567667221080567.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baker SK, Waycott M, Carrasco R, et al. Avatar-mediated communication in social VR: an in-Depth exploration of older adult interaction in an emerging communication platform. 2021. doi: 10.1145/3411764.3445752.
   Google Scholar
• Baragash RS, Aldowah H, Ghazal S. Virtual and augmented reality applications to improve older adults’ quality of life: a systematic mapping review and future directions. Digit Health. 2022; 8:20552076221132099. doi: 10.1177/20552076221132099.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Afifi T, Collins N, Rand K, et al. Using virtual reality to improve the quality of life of older adults with cognitive impairments and their family members who live at a distance. Health Commun. 2022;38(9):1904–1915. doi: 10.1080/10410236.2022.2040170.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Afifi T, Collins NL, Rand K, et al. Testing the feasibility of virtual reality with older adults with cognitive impairments and their family members who live at a distance. Innov Aging. 2021;5(2):igab014.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murnane E, Choudhury T. Mobile and sensor technology as a tool for health measurement, management, and research with aging populations. 2020.
   Google Scholar
• Muñoz J, Mehrabi S, Li Y, et al. Immersive virtual reality exergames for persons living with dementia: user-Centered design study as a multistakeholder team during the COVID-19 pandemic. JMIR Serious Games. 2022;10(1):e29987. doi: 10.2196/29987.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liddle J, Worthy P, Frost D, et al. Personal and complex: the needs and experiences related to technology use for people living with dementia. Dementia. 2022;21(5):1511–1531. doi: 10.1177/14713012221084521.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lake D, Wendland J. Practical, epistemological, and ethical challenges of participatory action research: a cross-disciplinary review of the literature. J High Educ Outreach Engagem. 2018;22(3):11–42.
   Google Scholar
• Flynn A, Barry M, Qi Koh W, et al. Introducing and familiarising older adults living with dementia and their caregivers to virtual reality. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;19 (23):16343. http://europepmc.org/abstract/MED/36498417 doi: 10.3390/ijerph192316343. https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC9736737 https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC9736737?pdf=render https://mdpi-res.com/d_attachment/ijerph/ijerph-19-16343/article_deploy/ijerph-19-16343.pdf?version=1670321379
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lazar A, Edasis C, Piper AM. A critical lens on dementia and design in HCI. In: ACM, editor. Proceedings of the 2017 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems; Denver, Colorado, USA. New York, NY, USA: Association for Computing Machinery; 2017. p. 2175–2188. doi: 10.1145/3025453.3025522.
   Google Scholar
• van Boekel LC, Wouters EJM, Grimberg BM, et al. Perspectives of stakeholders on technology use in the care of community-living older adults with dementia: a systematic literature review. Healthcare. 2019;7(2):1–12. doi: 10.3390/healthcare7020073.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sixsmith A, Sixsmith J, Fang ML, et al. Co-Creating technologies with people experiencing cognitive decline. AgeTech, cognitive health, and dementia. Cham, Switzerland: Springer; 2020. p. 71–85.
   Google Scholar
• Baum F, MacDougall C, Smith D. Participatory action research. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2006;60(10):854–857. doi: 10.1136/jech.2004.028662.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cockburn L, Trentham B. Participatory action research: Integrating community occupational therapy practice and research. Can J Occup Ther. 2002;69(1):20–30. doi: 10.1177/000841740206900102.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• MacDonald C. Understanding participatory action research: a qualitative research methodology option. CJAR. 2012;13(2):34–50. doi: 10.33524/cjar.v13i2.37.
   Google Scholar
• Kelly PJ. Practical suggestions for community interventions using participatory action research. Public Health Nurs. 2005; 22(1):65–73. doi: 10.1111/j.0737-1209.2005.22110.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kemmis S, McTaggart R. The action research planner: doing critical participatory action research. Cham, Switzerland: Springer; 2014.
   Google Scholar
• Hayes GR. Taking action in your research. interactions. 2012;19(4):50–53. doi: 10.1145/2212877.2212890.
   Google Scholar
• Nomura M, Makimoto K, Kato M, et al. Empowering older people with early dementia and family caregivers: a participatory action research study. Int J Nurs Stud. 2009;46(4):431–441. 2009/04/01/doi: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2007.09.009.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Varik M, Medar M, Saks K. Launching support groups for informal caregivers of people living with dementia within participatory action research. Action Res. 2021;:147675032110231. doi: 10.1177/14767503211023135.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith L, Phillipson L. Thinking through participatory action research with people with late-stage dementia: research note on mistakes, creative methods and partnerships. Int J Soc Res Methodol. 2020;24(6):775–780. doi: 10.1080/13645579.2020.1810997.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goeman D, King J, Koch S. Development of a model of dementia support and pathway for culturally and linguistically diverse communities using co-creation and participatory action research. BMJ Open. 2016;6(12):e013064. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-013064.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dupuis S, McAiney C, Loiselle L, et al. Use of participatory action research approach to develop a self-management resource for persons living with dementia. Dementia. 2021;20(7):2393–2411. doi: 10.1177/1471301221997281.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hsieh CJ, Yin PF, Chiu CY, et al. Support and empowerment for older adult spousal caregiving of people with mild and moderate dementia: a participatory action research. Healthcare. 2022;10(3):569. doi: 10.3390/healthcare10030569.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alzheimer Society of Ireland. Position Paper on the Assisted Decision Making (Capacity) Act 2015. 2018.
   Google Scholar
• Davidson H. The assisted decision-Making (capacity) act 2015: interrogating the guiding principles for a person with dementia. Int J Law Psychiatry. 2022; 84:101819. doi: 10.1016/j.ijlp.2022.101819.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Braun V, Clarke V. Reflecting on reflexive thematic analysis. Qual Res Sport Exerc Health. 2019; 11(4):589–597. doi: 10.1080/2159676X.2019.1628806.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Braun V, Clarke V, Hayfield N, et al. Doing reflexive thematic analysis. In: Bager-Charleson S, McBeath A, editors. Supporting research in counselling and psychotherapy. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2022. p. 19–38.
   Google Scholar
• Dai J, Moffatt K. Surfacing the voices of people with dementia: strategies for effective inclusion of proxy stakeholders in qualitative research. Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems; Yokohama, Japan: Association for Computing Machinery; 2021. p. Article 374. doi: 10.1145/3411764.3445756.
   Google Scholar
• Lincoln YS, Guba EG. Naturalistic inquiry. Newbury Park: Sage; 1985.
   Google Scholar
• Cusack C, Cohen B, Mignone J, et al. Participatory action as a research method with public health nurses. J Adv Nurs. 2018;74(7):1544–1553. doi: 10.1111/jan.13555.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bray EA, George A, Everett B, et al. Protocol for developing a healthcare transition intervention for young people with spinal cord injuries using a participatory action research approach. BMJ Open. 2021;11(7):e053212. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-053212.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bray EA, Salamonson Y, Everett B, et al. Transitioning between paediatric and adult healthcare services: a qualitative study of the experiences of young people with spinal cord injuries and parents/caregivers. BMJ Open. 2022;12(11):e065718. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-065718.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lotfi M, Zamanzadeh V, Ostadi A, et al. Development of family-based follow-up care system for patients with burn in Iran: participatory action research. Nurs Open. 2020;7(4):1101–1109. doi: 10.1002/nop2.483.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blanchfield D, O’Connor L. A participatory action research study to inform combined type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease care provided in the context of advanced practice nursing. J Adv Nurs. 2022;78(10):3427–3443. doi: 10.1111/jan.15362.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dixon E, Lazar A. The role of sensory changes in everyday technology use by people with mild to moderate dementia. Proceedings of the 22nd International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility; Virtual Event, Greece: Association for Computing Machinery; 2020. p. Article 41. doi: 10.1145/3373625.3417000.
   Google Scholar
• Wood R, Dixon E, Elsayed-Ali S, et al. Investigating best practices for remote summative usability testing with people with mild to moderate dementia. ACM Trans Access Comput. 2021;14(3):1–26. doi: 10.1145/3460942.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dixon E, Anderson J, Blackwelder DC, et al. The human need for equilibrium: qualitative study on the ingenuity, technical competency, and changing strategies of people with dementia seeking health information [original paper]. J Med Internet Res. 2022;24(8):e35072. doi: 10.2196/35072.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• D’Onofrio G, Sancarlo D, Raciti M, et al. MARIO project: validation and evidence of service robots for older people with dementia. J Alzheimers Dis. 2019;68(4):1587–1601. doi: 10.3233/JAD-181165.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. 5 ed. Washington, DC: american Psychiatric Publishing; 2013.
   Google Scholar
• Birt L, Griffiths R, Charlesworth G, et al. Maintaining social connections in dementia: a qualitative synthesis. Qual Health Res. 2020;30(1):23–42. doi: 10.1177/1049732319874782.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bethell J, Aelick K, Babineau J, et al. Social connection in long-term care homes: a scoping review of published research on the mental health impacts and potential strategies during COVID-19. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2021;22(2):228–237 e25. doi: 10.1016/j.jamda.2020.11.025.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Genoe MR, Fortune D, Whyte C. Strategies for maintaining friendship in dementia. Can J Aging. 2022;41(3):431–442. doi: 10.1017/S0714980821000301.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sun W, Bartfay E, Smye V, et al. Living well with dementia: the role volunteer-based social recreational programs in promoting social connectedness of people with dementia and their caregivers. Aging Ment Health. 2022;26(10):1949–1962. Oct doi: 10.1080/13607863.2021.1950614.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sanford S, Rapoport MJ, Tuokko H, et al. Independence, loss, and social identity: perspectives on driving cessation and dementia. Dementia. 2019;18(7-8):2906–2924. doi: 10.1177/1471301218762838.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Curl AL, Proulx CM, Stowe JD, et al. Productive and social engagement following driving cessation: a couple-based analysis. Res Aging. 2015;37(2):171–199. doi: 10.1177/0164027514527624.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gardner P, Surlin S, Akinyemi A, et al. editors Designing a dementia-Informed, accessible, Co-located gaming platform for diverse older adults with dementia, family and carers. Human aspects of IT for the aged population. Supporting everyday life activities. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2021
   Google Scholar
• Lee AR, McDermott O, Orrell M. Understanding barriers and facilitators to online and app activities for people living with dementia and their supporters. J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol. 2023;36(5):366–375. doi: 10.1177/08919887221149139.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morrissey K, Lazar A, Boger J, et al. HCIxDementia workshop: the role of technology and design in dementia. Proceedings of the 2017 CHI conference extended abstracts on human factors in computing systems. Denver, Colorado, USA: Association for Computing Machinery; 2017. p. 484–491.
   Google Scholar
• Zhu X, He M, Dong Y, et al. How tablets/applications enhance social connections and social support in people with dementia: a qualitative systematic review. Int J Ment Health Nurs. 2023;32(3):727–743. doi: 10.1111/inm.13112.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jutai JW, Tuazon JR. The role of assistive technology in addressing social isolation, loneliness and health inequities among older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. Disabil Rehabil Assist Technol. 2022; 17(3):248–259. doi: 10.1080/17483107.2021.2021305.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dai J, Moffatt K. Enriching social sharing for the dementia community: insights from in-person and online social programs. ACM Trans Access Comput. 2023;16(1):1–33. doi: 10.1145/3582558.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Friemel TN. The digital divide has grown old: determinants of a digital divide among seniors. New Media Soc. 2014;18(2):313–331. doi: 10.1177/1461444814538648.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mohan G, Lyons S. High-speed broadband availability, internet activity among older people, quality of life and loneliness. New Media Soc. 2022;0(0):146144482210952. doi: 10.1177/14614448221095218.
   Google Scholar
• Hicks B, Gridley K, Dixon J, et al. Using digital technologies to facilitate social inclusion during the COVID-19 pandemic: experiences of co-resident and non-co-resident family carers of people with dementia from DETERMIND-C19. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2023;38(2):e5886. doi: 10.1002/gps.5886.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Talbot CV, Briggs P. The use of digital technologies by people with mild-to-moderate dementia during the COVID-19 pandemic: a positive technology perspective. Dementia. 2022; 21(4):1363–1380. doi: 10.1177/14713012221079477.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Strong J. Immersive virtual reality and persons with dementia: a literature review. J Gerontol Soc Work. 2020;63(3):209–226. doi: 10.1080/01634372.2020.1733726.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baker S, Waycott J, Carrasco R, et al. Exploring the design of social VR experiences with older adults. Proceedings of the 2019 on Designing Interactive Systems Conference; San Diego, CA, USA: Association for Computing Machinery; 2019. p. 303–315. doi: 10.1145/3322276.3322361.
   Google Scholar
• Gardiner C, Geldenhuys G, Gott M. Interventions to reduce social isolation and loneliness among older people: an integrative review. Health Soc Care Community. 2018; 26(2):147–157. doi: 10.1111/hsc.12367.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Franke T, Sims-Gould J, Lusina-Furst S, et al. ‘I didn’t think I needed it. But I find I look forward to it very much’: social connectedness and physical health through the eyes of older adults. Act Adapt Aging. 2020;46(1):9–30. doi: 10.1080/01924788.2020.1845586.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Swall A, Williams C, Marmstål Hammar L. The value of ‘us’—expressions of togetherness in couples where one spouse has dementia. Int J Older People Nurs. 2020; 15(2):e12299. 10.1111/opn.12299.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hodge J, Balaam M, Hastings S, et al. Exploring the design of tailored virtual reality experiences for people with dementia. Proceedings of the 2018 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems; Montreal QC, Canada: Association for Computing Machinery; 2018. p. Paper 514. doi: 10.1145/3173574.3174088.
   Google Scholar
• Wei X, Gu Y, Kuang E, et al. Bridging the generational gap: exploring how virtual reality supports remote communication between grandparents and grandchildren. In Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI ‘23). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, Article 444, 1–15. doi: 10.1145/3544548.3581405.
   Google Scholar
• Benoit-Dubé L, Jean EK, Aguilar MA, et al. What facilitates the acceptance of technology to promote social participation in later life? A systematic review. Disabil Rehabil Assist Technol. 2023;18(3):274–284. doi: 10.1080/17483107.2020.1844320.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Phillipson L, Hammond A. More than talking: a scoping review of innovative approaches to qualitative research involving people with dementia. Int J Qual Methods. 2018; 2018/12/0117(1):160940691878278. doi: 10.1177/1609406918782784.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beuscher L, Grando VT. Challenges in conducting qualitative research with individuals with dementia. Res Gerontol Nurs. 2009;2(1):6–11. doi: 10.3928/19404921-20090101-04.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gillespie R, Mullan J, Harrison L. Managing medications: the role of informal caregivers of older adults and people living with dementia. A review of the literature. J Clin Nurs. 2014;23(23–24):3296–3308. doi: 10.1111/jocn.12519.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mc Donnell E, Ryan A. Male caregiving in dementia: a review and commentary. Dementia. 2013;12(2):238–250. doi: 10.1177/1471301211421235.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pierce M, Cahill S, O’Shea E. Prevalence and projections of dementia in Ireland. Report prepared for Genio Ltd. 2014.
   Google Scholar
• World Health Organization. Global action plan on the public health response to dementia 2017–2025. 2017.
   Google Scholar