Experimental, numerical and analytical study on conventional and innovative Grid-Anchor system in the pull-out test

References

• Abramento, M. and Whittle, A.J., 1995. Analysis of pullout tests for planar reinforcements in soils. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 121 (6), 476–485.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Akinmusuru, J.O, 1978 .Horizontally loaded vertical plate anchors in sand. Journal of the Geotechnical Engineering Division, 104 ( GT2), 283–286.
   Google Scholar
• Alfaro, M.C, Miura, N. and Bergado, D.T., 1995. Soil-geogrid reinforcement interaction by pullout and direct shear tests. Geotechnical Testing Journal, 18 (2), 157–167.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alfaro, M.C. and Pathak, Y.P., 2005. Dilatant stresses at the interface of granular fills and geogrid strip reinforcements. Geosynthetics International, 12 (5), 239–252.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bergado, D.T. and Chai, J.C., 1994. Pull-out force/displacement relationship of extensible grid-reinforcement. Journal of Geotextile and Geomembrane, 13, 295–316.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bergado, D.T., Youwai, S., Teerawattanasuk, C. and Visudmedanukul, P., 2003. The interaction mechanism and behaviour of hexagonal wire mesh reinforced embankment with silty sand backfill on soft clay. Computers and Geotechnics, 30, 517–534.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Biarez, I., Boukraut, L.M. and Negre, N., 1965. Limiting equilibrium of vertical barriers subjected to translation and rotation forces. Proceeding of 6th international conference on soil mechanics and foundation engineering, September 1965, Montreal, Canada, vol. 2, 368–370.
   Google Scholar
• Bowels, J.E., 1996. Foundation analysis and design. New York: McGraw Hill.
   Google Scholar
• Das, B.M. and Seeley, G.R., 1975. Load-displacement relationship for vertical anchors. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 101 (GT1), 87–91.
   Google Scholar
• Davis, E.H., 1968. Theories of plasticity and failure of soil masses. In soil mechanics-selected topics. London: Butterworths.
   Google Scholar
• Dickin, E.A. and Leung, C.F., 1985. Evaluation of design methods for vertical anchor plate. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 111 (4), 500–519.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Farrag, K., Acar, Y.B. and Juran, I., 1993. Pull-out resistance of geogrid reinforcements. Geotextile and Geomembranes, 12, 133–159.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gurung, N. and Lwao, Y., 1999. Numerical simulation of pull-out response for planar reinforcement. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 36, 455–466.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ghionna, V.N., Moraci, N. and Rimokli, P., 2001. Experimental evaluation of the factor affecting pull-out test results on geogrids. In: Proceedings of International Symposium: Earth Reinforcement-IS Kyushu 2001 “Landmarks in Earth Reinforcement”, Fukuoka, Japan, 14–16 November 2001. New York: Balkema Publisher, vol. 1, 31–36.
   Google Scholar
• Hansen, J.B, 1966. Resistance of rectangular anchor slabs. Danish Geotechnical Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark, 21, 12–13.
   Google Scholar
• Jewell, R.A, 1990. Reinforcement bond capacity. Journal of Geotechnique, 40 (3), 513–518.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jewell, R.A., Milligan, G.W.E, Sarsby, R.W. and Dubois, D.D., 1985. Interaction between soil and geogrids. Proceeding of symposium on Polymer Grid reinforcement in civil engineering. London: Thomas Telford Ltd, 18–30.
   Google Scholar
• Johnston, R.S. and Romstad, K.S., 1989. Dilation and boundary effects in large scale pullout test. Proceeding of 12th international conference on soil mechanics and foundation engineering, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, vol. 2, 1263–1266.
   Google Scholar
• Lo, S.C.R., 1998. Pullout resistance of polyester straps at low overburden stress. Geosynthetics International, 5 (4), 361–382.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lopez, M.L. and Ladeira, M., 1996. Influence of confinement, soil density and displacement rate on soil-geogrid interaction. Journal of Geotextile and Geomembrane, 14, 543–554.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miyata, Y. and Bathurst R.J., 2012, Reliability analysis of soil-geogrid pullout models in Japan. Soils and Foundations, 52 (4), 620–633.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moghaddas Nejad, F. and, Small, J.C., 2004. Pull-out behaviour of geogrid. Iranian Journal of Science and Technology, Transaction B, Engineering, 29, B3.
   Google Scholar
• Moraci, N. and Montanelli, F., 2000. Analisi di prove di sfilamento di geogriglie estruse installate in terreno granulare compattato. Rivista Italiana di Geotecnica, N.4/2000, 5–21.
   Google Scholar
• Moraci, N. and Recalcati, P., 2006. Factors affecting the pullout behaviour of extruded geogrids embedded in a compacted granular soils. Journal of Geotextile and Geomembranes, 24, 220–242.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moraci, N. and Gioffre, D., 2006. A simple method to evaluation of pullout resistance of extruded geogrids embedded in compacted granular soil. Journal of Geotextile and Geomembranes, 24, 116–128.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mosallanezhad, M., Hataf, N. and Ghahramani, A., 2008. Experimental study of bearing capacity of granular soils, reinforced with innovative Grid-Anchor system. Geotechnical Geological Engineering Journal, 26 (3), 299–312. doi:10.1007/s10706-007-9166-z
   Google Scholar
• Neely, W.J., Stuart, J.G. and Graham, J., 1973. Failure loads of vertical anchor plates in sand. Soil Mechanics and Foundations Division, 99 (SM9), 669–680.
   Google Scholar
• Ochiai, H., Otani, J., Hayashic, S. and Hirai, T., 1996. The pull-out resistance of geogrids in reinforced soil. Journal of Geotextile and Geomembranes, 14, 19–42.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ovesen, N.K., 1964. Anchor Slabs, Calculation Methods and Model tests. Copenhagen, Denmark: Danish Geotechnical Institute, bulletin no. 16.
   Google Scholar
• Ovesen, N.K. and Stromann, H., 1972. Design methods for vertical anchor slabs in sand. Proceedings of speciality conference on performance of earth and earth-supported structures, 1–2, 1418–1500.
   Google Scholar
• Palmeira, E.M. and Milligan, G.W.E., 1989. Scale and other factor affecting the results of pull-out tests of grids buried in sand. Journal of Geotechnique, 39 (3), 511–524.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Palmeira, E.M., 2004. Bearing force mobilization in pullout tests on geogrids. Journal of Geotextile and Geomembrane, 22 (6), 481–509.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peterson, L.M. and Anderson, L.R., 1980. Pullout resistance of welded wire mats embedded in soil. Logan, UT: Civil and Environmental Engineering Dept., Utah State University.
   Google Scholar
• Rowe, R.K. and Davis, E.H., 1982. The behaviour of anchor plates in sand. Journal of Geotechnique, 32 (1), 25–41.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sugimoto, M., Alagiyawanna, A.M.N. and Richvien, W., 2003. Pullout behaviour of geogrid by test and numerical analysis. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 129 (4), 361–374.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Teixeira, S.H.C., Bueno, B.S. and Zonberg, G.J., 2007. Pullout resistance of individual longitudinal and transverse geogrid ribs. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 131 (1), 37–50.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vermeer, P.A., 1990. The orientation of shear bands in biaxial tests. Geotechnique, 40 (2), 223–236.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, Z. and Richvien, W., 2002. A study of soil-reinforcement friction. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 128 (1), 92–94.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilson-Fahmy, R.F. and Koerner, R.M., 1993. Finite element modeling of soil-geogrid interaction with application to the behaviour of geogrids in a pull-out load condition. Geotextile and Geomembrane, 12, 479–501.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilson-Fahmy, R.F., Koerner, R.M. and Sansone, L.J., 1994. Experimental behaviour of polymeric geogrids in pull-out. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 120 (4), 661–677.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar