Fighting for Liberal Peace in Mali? The Limits of International Military Intervention

References

• Assemblée nationale (France). 2013. “Audition de l'amiral Édouard Guillaud sur les enseignements de l'opération Serval.” Commission de la défense nationale et des forces armées, Compte rendu 74, May 22.
   Google Scholar
• Bagayoko, Shaka. 1999. Le Cheminement du Mali vers un espace politique pluriel. Bamako: Centre Djoliba.
   Google Scholar
• Benjamin, Charles E. 2008. “Legal Pluralism and Decentralization: Natural Resource Management in Mali.” World Development 36 (11): 2255–2276. 10.1016/j.worlddev.2008.03.005
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bergamaschi, Isaline. 2013a. “French Military Intervention in Mali: Inevitable, Consensual yet Insufficient.” Stability 2 (2): 1–11.
   Google Scholar
• Bergamaschi, Isaline. 2013b. “The Fall of a Donor Darling: The Role of Aid in Mali's Crisis.” Unpublished, cited by permission.
   Google Scholar
• Bergamaschi, Isaline. 2013c. “The Role of Governance and Aid in Mali's Crisis.” Al Jazeera English, March 31. Accessed April 26, 2013. http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/opinion/2013/03/201331412468880930.html
   Google Scholar
• Berman Bruce J. 2010. “Ethnicity and Democracy in Africa.” Japan International Cooperation Agency Research Institute, Working Paper 22: 3–32. Accessed August 24, 2012. http://jica-ri.jica.go.jp/publication/assets/JICA-RI_WP_No.22_2010.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Bøås, Morten. 2014. “Guns, Money and Prayers: AQIM's Blueprint for Securing Control of Northern Mali.” CTC Sentinel Combating Terrorism Center, April 28. https://www.ctc.usma.edu/posts/guns-money-and-prayers-aqims-blueprint-for-securing-control-of-northern-mali
   Google Scholar
• Campbell, Susanna, David Chandler and Meera Sabaratnam, eds. 2011. A Liberal Peace? The Problems and Practices of Peacebuilding, London: Zed Books.
   Google Scholar
• Chandler, David. 2010. “The Uncritical Critique of the Liberal Peace.” Review of International Studies 36 (1): 137–55. 10.1017/S0260210510000823
   Google Scholar
• Charbonneau, Bruno. 2008. France and the New Imperialism: Security Policy in Sub-Saharan Africa, Aldershot: Ashgate.
   Google Scholar
• Charbonneau, Bruno. 2012. “War and Peace in Côte d'Ivoire: Violence, Agency, and the Local/International Line.” International Peacekeeping 19 (4): 508–524. 10.1080/13533312.2012.709776
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Charbonneau, Bruno. 2014. “The Imperial Legacy of International Peacebuilding: The Case of Francophone Africa.” Review of International Studies 40 (3): 607–630. 10.1017/S0260210513000491
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Charbonneau, Bruno, and Tony Chafer. 2014. “Is There a Specificity to Peace Operations in the Francophone World?” In Peace Operations in the Francophone World: Global Governance Meets Post-Colonialism, edited by Bruno Charbonneau and Tony Chafer, 1–18. New York: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Cooper, Neil, Mandy Turner, and Michael Pugh. 2011. “The End of History and the Last Liberal Peacebuilder: A Reply to Roland Paris.” Review of International Studies 37 (4): 1995–2007. 10.1017/S0260210511000143
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coulibaly, Massa, and Amadou Diarra. 2004. “Démocratie et Légitimation du Marché.” Afrobarometer Working Paper 35.
   Google Scholar
• Cutter, Chris. 1971. “Nation-building in Mali.” PhD diss., University of California Los Angeles.
   Google Scholar
• Daou, B. 2013. “IBK—Mouvement Sabati 2012: Le Clash?” Le Républicain, September 11. Accessed September 13, 2013. http://lerepublicain-mali.com/node/574
   Google Scholar
• Diallo, Mamoutou. 2009. “Arcane politique: Les faiblesses de la démocratie malienne.” Nouvel Horizon, August 8. Accessed August 8, 2008. http://www.afribone.com/spip.php?article21107
   Google Scholar
• Diallo, Moussa Samba, Aguibou Sogodogo, and Ousmane Baba Dramé. 2013. “Le nouveau gouvernement vu par Moussa Boubacar Ba.” Le Républicain, September 11. Accessed September 13, 2013. http://lerepublicain-mali.com/node/577
   Google Scholar
• Dillon, Michael, and Julian Reid. 2009. The Liberal Way of War: Killing to Make Life Live. New York: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Doyle, Michael 2007. “The John W. Holmes Lecture: Building Peace.” Global Governance, 13 (1): 1–15.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duffield, Mark. 2007. Development, Security and Unending War: Governing the World of Peoples. Cambridge: Polity.
   Google Scholar
• Hall, Bruce. 2010. A History of Race in Muslim West Africa, 1600–1960. New York: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Haidara, Moulaye. 2013. “L'ADP-Maliba aux élections législatives 2013.” L'Indépendant, October 25. Accessed December 18, 2013. http://www.maliweb.net/politique/ladp-maliba-aux-elections-legislatives-2013-le-president-dadp-maliba-aliou-boubacar-diallo-reitere-son-engagement-sans-contrepartie-176120.html
   Google Scholar
• Hameiri, Shahar. 2010. Regulating Statehood: State Building and the Transformation of the Global Order. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• Heathershaw, John. 2008. “Unpacking the Liberal Peace: The Dividing and Merging of Peacebuilding Discourses.” Millennium: Journal of International Studies 36 (3): 597–621. 10.1177/03058298080360031101
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heathershaw, John. 2013. “Towards Better Theories of Peacebuilding: Beyond the Liberal Peace Debate.” Peacebuilding 1 (2): 275–282. 10.1080/21647259.2013.783260
   Google Scholar
• Holder, Gilles 2013. “Au Mali, la guerre des islamismes.” Le Monde, January 28. Accessed August 13, 2013. http://actualite.portail.free.fr/societe/28-01-2013/au-mali-la-guerre-des-islamismes/
   Google Scholar
• International Crisis Group (ICG). 2013. Mali: sécuriser, dialoguer et réformer en profondeur. Dakar/Brussels: Rapport Afrique No. 201.
   Google Scholar
• International Crisis Group (ICG). 2014. “Mali: réformer ou rechuter.” janvier 10. Accessed January 14, 2014. http://www.crisisgroup.org/fr/publication-type/communiques/2014/africa/mali-reform-or-relapse.aspx
   Google Scholar
• International Monetary Fund (IMF). 2013. “Mali: IMF Country Report No. 13/44.” Washington, DC, February. Accessed May 28, 2013. http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/scr/2013/cr1344.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Inter-Parliamentary Union. 2014. “MALI (Assemblée Nationale).” Accessed March 5, 2014. http://www.ipu.org/parline-e/reports/2201.htm
   Google Scholar
• Jahn, Beate. 2007a. “The Tragedy of Liberal Diplomacy: Democratization, Intervention, Statebuilding (Part I).” Journal of Intervention and Statebuilding 1 (1): 87–106. doi:10.1080/17502970601075931
   Google Scholar
• Jahn, Beate. 2007b. “The Tragedy of Liberal Diplomacy: Democratization, Intervention, Statebuilding (Part II).” Journal of Intervention and Statebuilding 1 (2): 211–229. doi:10.1080/17502970701302847
   Google Scholar
• Kande, Aliou, and El Hadji Ibrahima Thiam. 2013. “Crise malienne, Djibril Tamsir Niane: ‘La solution passe par l'unité et une force de défense commune’.” Le Soleil, February 12. Accessed March 6, 2013. http://fr.allafrica.com/stories/201302120892.html
   Google Scholar
• Keen, David. 2000. “War and Peace: What's the Difference?” International Peacekeeping 7 (4): 1–22. 10.1080/13533310008413860
   Google Scholar
• Konaré, Adame Bâ. 2000. “Perspectives on History and Culture: The Case of Mali.” In Democracy and Development in Mali, edited by R. James Bingen, David Robinson, and John M. Staatz, 15–22. East Lansing: Michigan State University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Kouyaté, Seydou Badian. 1964. Les dirigeants d'Afrique noire face à leurs peuples. Paris: Maspero.
   Google Scholar
• Kühn, Florian. 2012. “The Peace Prefix: Ambiguities of the Word Peace.” International Peacekeeping 19 (4): 396–409. 10.1080/13533312.2012.709785
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Laclau, Ernesto and Chantal Mouffe. 2001. Hegemony and Socialist Strategy: Towards a Radical Democratic Politics. 2nd ed. London: Verso.
   Google Scholar
• Lecocq, Baz, and Georg Klute. 2013. “Tuareg Separatism in Mali.” International Journal 68 (3): 435–443. 10.1177/0020702013505435
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mac Ginty, Roger, and Oliver Richmond. 2013. “The Local Turn in Peacebuilding: A Critical Agenda for Peace.” Third World Quarterly 34 (5): 763–783. 10.1080/01436597.2013.800750
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mac Ginty, Roger, and Andrew Williams. 2009. Conflict and Development. New York: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• “Malian Coup Leader Sanogo: ‘I Saved the Country’, interview with Thilo Thielke.” 2013. Spiegel Online, March 26. Accessed April 30, 2013. http://www.spiegel.de/international/world/interview-with-amadou-sanogo-a-890944.html
   Google Scholar
• “Mali: histoire secrète d'une guerre surprise.” 2013. Le Nouvel Observateur (Paris), February 10. http://globe.blogs.nouvelobs.com/archive/2013/02/08/mali-histoire-secrete-d-une-guerre-surprise.html
   Google Scholar
• Manning, Patrick. 1998. Francophone Sub-Saharan Africa, 1880–1995. New York: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Marchal, Roland. 2012. “Is a Military Intervention in Mali Inevitable?” NOREF Report, October.
   Google Scholar
• Marchal, Roland. 2013. “Briefing: Military (Mis)Adventures in Mali.” African Affairs 112 (448): 486–497. 10.1093/afraf/adt038
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Newman, Edward. 2013. “The Violence of Statebuilding in Historical Perspective: Implications for Peacebuilding.” Peacebuilding 1 (1): 141–157. 10.1080/21647259.2013.756281
   Google Scholar
• Osabu-Klé, Daniel. 2000. Compatible Cultural Democracy: The Key to Development in Africa. Peterborough: Broadview Press.
   Google Scholar
• Paris, Roland. 2010. “Saving Liberal Peacebuilding.” Review of International Studies 36 (2): 337–365. 10.1017/S0260210510000057
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pugh, Michael, Neil Cooper and Mandy Turner, eds. 2011. Whose Peace? Critical Perspectives on the Political Economy of Peacebuilding. New York: Palgrave.
   Google Scholar
• Richmond, Oliver. 2011. A Post-liberal Peace. London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Sabaratnam, Meera. 2013. “Avatars of Eurocentrism in the Critique of the Liberal Peace.” Security Dialogue 44 (3): 259–278. 10.1177/0967010613485870
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sears, Jonathan M. 2013. “Seeking Sustainable Legitimacy: Existential Challenges for Mali.” International Journal 68 (3): 444–453. 10.1177/0020702013505438
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sears, Jonathan M. 2007. “Deepening Democracy and Cultural Context in the Republic of Mali.” PhD diss., Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.
   Google Scholar
• Smith, Stephen. 2013. “In Search of Monsters.” London Review of Books 35 (3): 3–5.
   Google Scholar
• Smith, Zeric K. 2001. “Mali's Decade of Democracy.” Journal of Democracy 2 (3): 73–79.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith, Zeric K. 2003. “Relationships between Poverty Reduction Approaches and Donor Support for Democracy: The Case of Mali.” In New Approaches to Comparative Politics, edited by J. S. Holmes, 39–63. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books.
   Google Scholar
• United Nations Security Council (UNSC). 2012a. Resolution 2056, S/Res/2056 (July 5).
   Google Scholar
• United Nations Security Council (UNSC). 2012b. Report of the Secretary-General on the Situation in Mali, S/2012/894 (November 28).
   Google Scholar
• United Nations Security Council (UNSC). 2012c. Resolution 2085, S/Res/2085 (December 20).
   Google Scholar
• Van de Walle, Nicholas. 2001. African Economies and the Politics of Permanent Crisis, 1979–1999. New York: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Van de Walle, Nicholas. 2012. “Foreign Aid in Dangerous Places: The Donors and Mali's Democracy.” UNU-WIDER Working Paper 61 (July). Accessed April 29, 2013. http://www.wider.unu.edu/publications/workingpapers/2012/en_GB/wp2012-061
   Google Scholar
• Walker, R. B. J. 2010. After the Globe, Before the World. New York: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Whitehouse, Bruce. 2012. “The Force of Action: Legitimizing the Coup in Bamako, Mali.” Africa Spectrum 47 (2–3): 93–110.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wing, Susanna. 2013. “Briefing Mali: Politics of a Crisis.” African Affairs 112 (448): 476–485. 10.1093/afraf/adt037
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Žižek, Slavoj. [1989] 2008. The Sublime Object of Ideology. New York: Verso.
   Google Scholar