Dueling in the penalty box: evidence-based recommendations on how shooters and goalkeepers can win penalty shootouts in soccer

References

• Attrill, M. J., Gresty, K. A., Hill, R. A., & Barton, R. A. (2008). Red shirt colour is associated with long-term team success in English football. Journal of Sports Sciences, 26(6), 577–582. doi:10.1080/02640410701736244
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bakker, F. C., Oudejans, R. R. D., Binsch, O., & van der Kamp, J. (2006). Penalty shooting and gaze behavior: Unwanted effects of the wish not to miss. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 37(2–3), 265–280. Retrieved from http://web.ebscohost.com/ehost/detail?vid=8&sid=11830f0b-5637-448d-85eb-582992dc89ff%40sessionmgr104&hid=122&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#db=sph&AN=SPHS-1041008
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bar-Eli, M., & Azar, O. H. (2009). Penalty kicks in soccer: An empirical analysis of shooting strategies and goalkeepers’ preferences. Soccer and Society, 10(2), 183–191. doi:10.1080/14660970802601654
   Google Scholar
• Bar-Eli, M., Azar, O. H., & Lurie, Y. (2009). (Ir) rationality in action: Do soccer players and goalkeepers fail to learn how to best perform during a penalty kick? In M. Raab, J. G. Johnson, & H. R. Heekeren (Eds.), Progress in brain research (Vol. 174, pp. 97–108). Amsterdam: Elsevier B.V.
   Google Scholar
• Bar-Eli, M., Azar, O. H., Ritov, I., Keidar-Levin, Y., & Schein, G. (2007). Action bias among elite soccer goalkeepers: The case of penalty kicks. Journal of Economic Psychology, 28(5), 606–621. doi:10.1016/j.joep.2006.12.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baumann, F., Friehe, T., & Wedow, M. (2011). General ability and specialization: Evidence from penalty kicks in soccer. Journal of Sports Economics, 12(1), 81–105. doi:10.1177/1527002510371194
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beilock, S. L., & Carr, T. H. (2001). On the fragility of skilled performance: What governs choking under pressure? Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 130(4), 701–725. doi:10.1037/0096-3445.130.4.701
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beilock, S. L., Carr, T. H., MacMahon, C., & Starkes, J. L. (2002). When paying attention becomes counterproductive: Impact of divided versus skill-focused attention on novice and experienced performance of sensorimotor skills. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied, 8(1), 6–16. doi:10.1037/1076-898X.8.1.6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berger, R. (2009). Should I stay or should I go? Optimal decision making in penalty kicks. Comment on Bar-Eli et al. Arbeitsbericht des Instituts für Soziologie, 47.
   Google Scholar
• Berger, R., & Hammer, R. (2007). Links oder rechts: das ist hier die Frage [Left or right: That is the question]. Arbeitsbericht des Instituts für Soziologie. [Work-report of the Institute of Sociology.] Retrieved from http://ecomerce.mit.edu/forum/papers/ERF140.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Binsch, O., Oudejans, R. R. D., Bakker, F. C., Hoozemans, M. M., & Savelsbergh, G. J. P. (2010). Ironic effects in a simulated penalty shooting task: Is the negative wording in the instruction essential? International Journal of Sport Psychology, 41(2), 118–133.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Binsch, O., Oudejans, R. R. D., Bakker, F. C., & Savelsbergh, G. J. P. (2010). Ironic effects and final target fixation in a penalty shooting task. Human Movement Science, 29(2), 277–288. doi:10.1016/j.humov.2009.12.002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bowtell, M., King, M. A., & Pain, M. T. G. (2009). Analysis of the keeper-dependent strategy in the soccer penalty kick. International Journal of Sports Science and Engineering, 3, 93–102. Retrieved from http://www.worldacademicunion.com/journal/SSCI/sscivol03no02paper05.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Brown, J. M., Miller, W. R., & Lawendowski, L. A. (1999). The self-regulation questionnaire. In L. VandeCreek, & T. L. Jackson (Eds.), Innovations in clinical practice: A sourcebook (pp. 281–292). Sarasota, FL: Professional Resource Press.
   Google Scholar
• Carey, D. P., Smith, G., Smith, D. T., Shepherd, J. W., Skriver, J., Ord, L., & Rutland, A. (2001). Footedness in world soccer: An analysis of France ‘98. Journal of Sports Sciences, 19(11), 855–864. doi:10.1080/026404101753113804
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chiappori, P.-A., Levitt, S., & Groseclose, T. (2002). Testing mixed-strategy equilibria when players are heterogeneous: The case of penalty kicks in soccer. The American Economic Review, 92(4), 1138–1151. doi:10.1257/00028280260344678
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coloma, G. (2007). Penalty kicks in soccer: An alternative methodology for testing mixed-strategy equilibria. Journal of Sports Economics, 8(5), 530–545. doi:10.1177/1527002506289648
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Diaz, G. J., Fajen, B. R., & Phillips, F. (2012). Anticipation from biological motion: The goalkeeper problem. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 38(4), 848–864. doi:10.1037/a0026962
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dicks, M., Button, C., & Davids, K. (2010a). Availability of advance visual information constrains association-football goalkeeping performance during penalty kicks. Perception, 39(8), 1111–1124. doi:10.1068/p6442
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dicks, M., Button, C., & Davids, K. (2010b). Examination of gaze behaviors under in situ and video simulation task constraints reveals differences in information pickup for perception and action. Attention, Perception, and Psychophysics, 72(3), 706–720.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dicks, M., Davids, K., & Button, C. (2009). Representative task designs for the study of perception and action in sport. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 40(4), 506–524. Retrieved from http://eprints.port.ac.uk/id/eprint/10727
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dicks, M., Davids, K., & Button, C. (2010). Individual differences in the visual control of intercepting a penalty kick in association football. Human Movement Science, 29(3), 401–411. doi:10.1016/j.humov.2010.02.008
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dicks, M., Uehara, L., & Lima, C. (2011). Deception, individual differences and penalty kicks: Implications for goalkeeping in association football. International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching, 6(4), 515–521. doi:10.1260/1747-9541.6.4.515
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dohmen, T. J. (2008). Do professionals choke under pressure? Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 65(3–4), 636–653. doi:10.1016/j.jebo.2005.12.004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elliot, A. J., & Maier, M. A. (2012). Color-in-context theory. Advannces in Experimental Social Psychology, 45, 61–125. doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-394286-9.00002-0
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Franks, I. M., & Harvey, T. (1997). Cues for goalkeepers: High-tech methods used to measure penalty shot response. Soccer Journal, 42, 30–38. Retrieved from https://www.nscaa.com/user_images/soccer-journal/1997MarAprV42N2.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Furley, P., Dicks, M., & Memmert, D. (2012). Nonverbal behavior in soccer: The influence of dominant and submissive body language on the impression formation and expectancy of success of soccer players. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 34(1), 61–82. Retrieved from http://ac.els-cdn.com/S1469029212000118/1-s2.0-S1469029212000118-main.pdf?_tid=e323aede-de80-11e2-8e38-00000aacb360&acdnat=1372265772_1a3201a1b26480555e11372426db664e
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Furley, P., Dicks, M., Stendtke, F., & Memmert, D. (2012). “Get it out the way. The wait's killing me.” Hastening and hiding during soccer penalty kicks. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 13(4), 454–465. doi:10.1016/j.psychsport.2012.01.009
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Geisler, G. W. W., & Leith, L. M. (1997). The effects of self-esteem, self-efficacy, and audience presence on soccer penalty shot performance. Journal of Sport Behavior, 20, 322–337. Retrieved from http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-20151740.html
   Google Scholar
• Greenlees, I., Leyland, A., Thelwell, R., & Filby, W. (2008). Soccer penalty takers’ uniform colour and pre-penalty kick gaze affect the impressions formed of them by opposing goalkeepers. Journal of Sports Sciences, 26(6), 569–576. doi:10.1080/02640410701744446
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hagemann, N. (2009). The advantage of being left-handed in interactive sports. Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics, 71(7), 1641–1648. doi:10.3758/App.71.7.1641
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hagemann, N., Strauss, B., & Leißing, J. (2008). When the referee sees red. Psychological Science, 19(8), 769–771. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.2008.02155.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harari, M. (2009). The impact of social pressures on referee's sanctions in professional soccer: A case study of penalty kicks in the MLS. Richmond, VA: Economics University of Richmond.
   Google Scholar
• Higgins, E. T. (1997). Beyond pleasure and pain. American Psychologist, 52(12), 1280–1300. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.52.12.1280
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Higgins, E. T. (2000). Making a good decision: Value from fit. American Psychologist, 55(11), 1217–1230. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.55.11.1217
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hill, R. A., & Barton, R. A. (2005). Red enhances human performance in contests. Nature, 435(7040), 293. doi:10.1038/435293a
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Horikawa, M., & Yagi, A. (2012). The relationships among trait anxiety, state anxiety and the goal performance of penalty shoot-out by university soccer players. PLoS ONE, 7(4)10.1371/journal.pone.0035727
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jackson, R. C., & Baker, J. S. (2001). Routines, rituals, and rugby: Case study of a world class goal kicker. Sport Psychologist, 15(1), 48–65. Retrieved from http://journals.humankinetics.com/AcuCustom/SiteName/Documents/DocumentItem/1886.pdf
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jordet, G. (2009a). When superstars flop: Public status and choking under pressure in international soccer penalty shootouts. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 21(2), 125–130. doi:10.1080/10413200902777263
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jordet, G. (2009b). Why do English players fail in soccer penalty shootouts? A study of team status, self-regulation, and choking under pressure. Journal of Sports Sciences, 27(2), 97–106. doi:10.1080/02640410802509144
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jordet, G., & Hartman, E. (2008). Avoidance motivation and choking under pressure in soccer penalty shootouts. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 30(4), 450–457. Retrieved from http://brage.bibsys.no/nih/bitstream/URN:NBN:no-bibsys_brage_8780/1/Jordet%20JSportExerPsych%202008.pdf
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jordet, G., Hartman, E., & Jelle Vuijk, P. (2012). Team history and choking under pressure in major soccer penalty shootouts. British Journal of Psychology, 103(2), 268–283. doi:10.1111/j.2044-8295.2011.02071.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jordet, G., Hartman, E., & Sigmundstad, E. (2009). Temporal links to performing under pressure in international soccer penalty shootouts. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 10(6), 621–627. doi:10.1016/j.psychsport.2009.03.004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jordet, G., Hartman, E., Visscher, C., & Lemmink, K. A. P. M. (2007). Kicks from the penalty mark in soccer: The roles of stress, skill, and fatigue for kick outcomes. Journal of Sports Sciences, 25(2), 121–129. doi:10.1080/02640410600624020
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kocher, M. G., Lenz, M. V., & Sutter, M. (2004). Performance under pressure: The case of penalty shootouts in football. In A. P. P. Ayton & C. Schmidt (Eds.), Myths and facts about football (Vol. 25, pp. 61–72). Newcaste: Cambridge Scholars Publishing.
   Google Scholar
• Kuhn, W. (1988). Penalty-kick strategies for shooters and goalkeepers. In T. Reilly, A. Lees, K. Davids, & W. J. Murphy (Eds.), Science and football (pp. 489–492). London: E & FN Spon.
   Google Scholar
• Lees, A., Asai, T., Andersen, T. B., Nunome, H., & Sterzing, T. (2010). The biomechanics of kicking in soccer: A review. Journal of Sports Sciences, 28(8), 805–817. doi:10.1080/02640414.2010.481305
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lees, A., & Owens, L. (2011). Early visual cues associated with a directional place kick in soccer. Sports Biomechanics, 10(2), 125–134. doi:10.1080/14763141.2011.569565
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leininger, W., & Ockenfels, A. (2008). The penalty-duel and institutional design: Is there a Neeskens-effect? In P. Andersson, P. Ayton, & C. Schmidt (Eds.), Myths and Facts about Football: The Economics and Psychology of the world's greatest sport (pp. 73–92). Cambridge: Cambridge Scholars Press.
   Google Scholar
• Lewis, B., & Linder, D. (1997). Thinking about choking? Attentional processes and paradoxical performance. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 23(9), 937–944. doi:10.1177/0146167297239003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lidor, R., Ziv, G., & Gershon, T. (2012). Psychological preparation of goalkeepers for the 11-m penalty kick in soccer – A review. The Sport Psychologist, 26, 375–389. Retrieved from http://journals.humankinetics.com/AcuCustom/SiteName/Documents/DocumentItem/04_TSP%2026-3_Ziv%20375-389.pdf
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lockwood, P., Jordan, C. H., & Kunda, Z. (2002). Motivation by positive or negative role models: Regulatory focus determines who will best inspire us. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 83(4), 854–864. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.83.4.854
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Loffing, F., Burmeister, T., & Hagemann, N. (2010). Zum Einfluss des Anlaufwinkels und des Schussfußes eines Schützen auf die Vorhersage der Ballflugrichtung beim Elfmeter [The influence of the run-up angle and kicking foot of a shooter on the prediction of ball direction during soccer penalties]. In G. Amesberger, T. Finkenzeller, & S. Würth (Eds.), Psychophysiologie im Sport – zwischen Experiment und Handlungsoptimierung [Psychophysiology in sport – between experiment and action improvement] (p. 132). Hamburg: Czwalina.
   Google Scholar
• Masters, R. S. W., van der Kamp, J., & Jackson, R. C. (2007). Imperceptibly off-center goalkeepers influence penalty-kick direction in soccer. Psychological Science, 18, 222–223. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.2007.01878.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McGarry, T., & Franks, I. M. (2000). On winning the penalty shoot-out in soccer. Journal of Sports Sciences, 18(6), 401–409. doi:10.1080/02640410050074331
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McMorris, T., & Colenso, S. (1996). Anticipation of professional soccer goalkeepers when facing right- and left-footed penalty kicks. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 82(3), 931–934. doi:10.2466/pms.1996.82.3.931
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McMorris, T., Copeman, R., Corcoran, D., Saunders, G., & Potter, S. (1993). Anticipation of soccer goalkeepers facing penalty kicks. In T. Reilly, J. Clarys, & A. Stibbe (Eds.), Science and football II (pp. 250–253). London: E & FN Spon.
   Google Scholar
• McMorris, T., & Hauxwell, B. (1997). Improving anticipation of soccer goalkeepers using video observation. In T. Reilly, J. Bangsbo, & M. Hughes (Eds.), Science and football III (pp. 290–294). London: E & FN Spon.
   Google Scholar
• McMorris, T., Hauxwell, B., & Holder, T. (1995). Anticipation of soccer goalkeepers when facing penalty kicks to the right and left of the goal using different kicking techniques. Applied Research in Coaching and Athletics Annual, 11, 32–43.
   Google Scholar
• Moll, T., Jordet, G., & Pepping, G. J. (2010). Emotional contagion in soccer penalty shootouts: Celebration of individual success is associated with ultimate team success. Journal of Sports Sciences, 28(9), 983–992. doi:10.1080/02640414.2010.484068
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morya, E., Ranvaud, R., & Pinheiro, W. M. (2003). Dynamics of visual feedback in a laboratory simulation of a penalty kick. Journal of Sports Sciences, 21(2), 87–95. doi:10.1080/0264041031000070840
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Navarro, M., Miyamoto, N., van der Kamp, J., Morya, E., Ranvaud, R., & Savelsbergh, G. J. P. (2012). The effects of high pressure on the point of no return in simulated penalty kicks. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 34(1), 83–101. Retrieved from http://www.researchgate.net/publication/221853567_The_effects_of_high_pressure_on_the_point_of_no_return_in_simulated_penalty_kicks/file/79e4150dd848da11d8.pdf
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neumaier, A., te Poel, H.-D., & Standtke, V. (1987). Zur Antizipation des Elfmetertorschusses aus der Sicht des Torwarts [The anticipation of the penalty kick from the perspective of the goalkeeper]. Leistungssport, 17(5), 23–32.
   Google Scholar
• Noël, B., & van der Kamp, J. (2012). Gaze behaviour during the soccer penalty kick: An investigation of the effects of strategy and anxiety. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 43(4), 326–345. Retrieved from http://www.dshs-koeln.de/static/wps/wcm/connect/b313ae804d2a496bbb1fbbcbda64a795/gaze+behaviour+during+the+soccer+penalty+kick+an+investigation+of+the+effects+of+strategy+and+anxiet0835dc954c.pdf
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Palacios-Huerta, I. (2003). Professionals play minimax. Review of Economic Studies, 70(2), 395–415. doi:10.1111/1467-937X.00249
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Plessner, H., Unkelbach, C., Memmert, D., Baltes, A., & Kolb, A. (2009). Regulatory fit as a determinant of sport performance: How to succeed in a soccer penalty-shooting. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 10(1), 108–115. doi:10.1016/j.psychsport.2008.02.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Savelsbergh, G. J. P., van der Kamp, J., Williams, A. M., & Ward, P. (2005). Anticipation and visual search behaviour in expert soccer goalkeepers. Ergonomics, 48(11–14), 1686–1697. doi:10.1080/00140130500101346
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Savelsbergh, G. J. P., Van Gastel, P. J., & Van Kampen, P. M. (2010). Anticipation of penalty kicking direction can be improved by directing attention through perceptual learning. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 41(1), 24–41. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2173/109063
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Savelsbergh, G. J. P., Versloot, O., Masters, R. S. W., & van der Kamp, J. (2010). Saving penalties, scoring penalties. In I. Renshaw, K. Davids, & G. J. P. Savelsbergh (Eds.), Motor learning in practice: A constraints-led approach (pp. 57–68). London: Taylor & Francis, Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Savelsbergh, G. J. P., Williams, A. M., Van der Kamp, J., & Ward, P. (2002). Visual search, anticipation and expertise in soccer goalkeepers. Journal of Sports Sciences, 20(3), 279–287. doi:10.1080/026404102317284826
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shim, J., Lutz, R., van der Kamp, J., & Rigby, B. R. (2011). The perceived height of a goalkeeper adopting Müller-Lyer postures. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 33, 113–114. Retrieved from http://journals.humankinetics.com/AcuCustom/SiteName/Documents/DocumentItem/S47-S125.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Shim, J., Masters, R. S. W., Poolton, J. M., & van der Kamp, J. (2010). The effect of goalkeepers adopting Müller-Lyer postures. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 32, 128. Retrieved from http://journals.humankinetics.com/AcuCustom/SiteName/Documents/DocumentItem/18124.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Smeeton, N. J., & Williams, A. M. (2012). The role of movement exaggeration in the anticipation of deceptive soccer penalty kicks. British Journal of Psychology, 103(4), 539–555. doi:10.1111/j.2044-8295.2011.02092.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sutter, M., & Kocher, M. G. (2004). Favoritism of agents-The case of referees’ home bias. Journal of Economic Psychology, 25(4), 461–469. doi:10.1016/S0167-4870(03)00013-8
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tyldesley, D. A., Bootsma, R. J., & Bomhoff, G. T. (1982). Skill level and eye movement patterns in a sport orientated reaction time task. In H. Rieder, H. Mechling, & K. Reischle (Eds.), Proceedings of an international symposium on motor behaviour: Contribution to learning in sport (pp. 290–296). Cologne: Hofmann.
   Google Scholar
• van der Kamp, J.. (2006). A field simulation study of the effectiveness of penalty kick strategies in soccer: Late alterations of kick direction increase errors and reduce accuracy. Journal of Sports Sciences, 24(5), 467–477. doi:10.1080/02640410500190841
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van der Kamp, J. (2011). Exploring the merits of perceptual anticipation in the soccer penalty kick. Motor Control, 15, 342–358. Retrieved from http://journals.humankinetics.com/AcuCustom/SiteName/Documents/DocumentItem/02_vander_MC_20090065.pdf
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van der Kamp, J., & Masters, R. S. W. (2008). The human Müller-Lyer illusion in goalkeeping. Perception, 37(6), 951–954. doi:10.1068/p6010
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weigelt, M., & Memmert, D. (2012). Goal-side selection in soccer penalty kicking when viewing natural scenes. Frontiers in Psychology, 3(SEP), Article 312, 1–7. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3434713/pdf/fpsyg-03-00312.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Weigelt, M., Memmert, D., & Schack, T. (2012). Kick it like Ballack: The effects of goalkeeping gestures on goal-side selection in experienced soccer players and soccer novices. Journal of Cognitive Psychology, 24(8), 1–15. doi:10.1080/20445911.2012.719494
   Google Scholar
• Williams, A. M. (2000). Perceptual skill in soccer: Implications for talent identification and development. Journal of Sports Sciences, 18, 737–750. doi:10.1080/02640410050120113
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams, A. M., & Burwitz, L. (1993). Advance cue utilization in soccer. In T. Reilly, J. Clarys, & A. Stibbe (Eds.), Science and football II (pp. 239–243). London: E & FN Spon.
   Google Scholar
• Wilson, M. R., Chattington, M., Marple-Horvat, D. E., & Smith, N. C. (2007). A comparison of self-focus versus attentional explanations of choking. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 29, 439–456. Retrieved from http://journals.humankinetics.com/AcuCustom/SiteName/Documents/DocumentItem/9837.pdf
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilson, M. R., Wood, G., & Vine, S. J. (2009). Anxiety, attentional control, and performance impairment in penalty kicks. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 31(6), 761–775. Retrieved from http://journals.humankinetics.com/AcuCustom/SiteName/Documents/DocumentItem/17680.pdf
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wood, G., & Wilson, M. R. (2010). A moving goalkeeper distracts penalty takers and impairs shooting accuracy. Journal of Sports Sciences, 28(9), 937–946. doi:10.1080/02640414.2010.495995
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wood, G., & Wilson, M. R. (2011). Quiet-eye training for soccer penalty kicks. Cognitive Processing, 12(3), 257–266. doi:10.1007/s10339-011-0393-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wood, G., & Wilson, M. R. (2012). Quiet-eye training, perceived control and performing under pressure. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 13(6), 721–728. doi:10.1016/j.psychsport.2012.05.003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar