2,691
Views
43
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Commentary

The motivational antecedents of the development of mental toughness: a self-determination theory perspective

, , &
Pages 184-197 | Received 24 Oct 2013, Accepted 17 Apr 2014, Published online: 25 Jun 2014

References

  • Andersen, M. B. (2011). Who's mental, who's tough and who's both? Mutton constructs dressed up as lamb. In D. F. Gucciardi & S. Gordon (Eds.), Mental toughness in sport: Developments in theory and research (pp. 69–88). Abingdon: Routledge.
  • Bartholomew, K. J., Ntoumanis, N., & Thogersen-Ntoumani, C. (2009). A review of controlling motivational strategies from a self-determination theory perspective: Implications for sports coaches. International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 2, 215–233. doi:10.1080/17509840903235330
  • Bell, J. J., Hardy, L., & Beattie, S. (2013). Enhancing mental toughness and performance under pressure in elite young cricketers: A 2-year longitudinal intervention. Advance online publication. Sport, Exercise, and Performance Psychology. doi:10.1037/a0033129
  • Benson, P., & Scakesm, P. (2009). The definition and preliminary measurement of thriving in adolescence. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 4, 85–104. doi:10.1080/17439760802399240
  • Bronfenbrenner, U., & Morris, P. A. (2006). The bioecological model of human development. In R. M. Lerner (Ed.), Handbook of child development: Theoretical models of human development (6th ed., Vol. 1, pp. 793–828). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.
  • Bull, S. J., Shambrook, C. J., James, W., & Brooks, J., E. (2005). Towards an understanding of mental toughness in elite English cricketers. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 17, 209–227. doi:10.1080/10413200591010085
  • Butt, J., Weinberg, R., & Culp, B. (2010). Exploring mental toughness in NCAA athletes. Journal of Intercollegiate Sport, 3, 316–332.
  • Clough, P., Earle, K., & Sewell, D. (2002). Mental toughness: The concept and its measurement. In I. Cockeril (Ed.), Solutions in sport psychology (pp. 32–45). London: Thomson.
  • Colbert, S. D., Scott, J., Dale, T., & Brennan, P. A. (2012). Performing to a world class standard under pressure: Can we learn lessons from the Olympians? British Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 50, 291–297. doi:10.1016/j.bjoms.2012.04.263
  • Connaughton, D., Hanton, S., & Jones, G. (2010). The development and maintenance of mental toughness in the world's best performers. The Sport Psychologist, 24, 168–193.
  • Coulter, T. J., Mallett, C. J., & Gucciardi, D. F. (2010). Understanding mental toughness in Australian soccer: Perceptions of players, parents, and coaches. Journal of Sport Sciences, 28, 699–716. doi:10.1080/02640411003734085
  • Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1985). Intrinsic motivation and self-determination in human behavior. New York, NY: Plenum.
  • Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2000). The ‘what’ and ‘why’ of goal pursuits: Human needs and the self-determination of behavior. Psychological Inquiry, 11, 227–268. doi:10.1207/S15327965PLI1104_01
  • Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2012). Self-determination theory in health care and its relations to motivational interviewing: A few comments. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 9(1), 24. doi:10.1186/1479-5868-9-24
  • Fletcher, D., & Sarkar, M. (2013). Psychological resilience: A review and critique of defintions, concepts and theory. European Psychologist, 18, 12–23. doi:10.1027/1016-9040/a000124
  • Folkman, S., & Lazarus, R. S. (1985). If it changes it must be a process: A study of emotion and coping during three stages of a college examination. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 48, 150–170. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.48.1.150
  • Gagné, M., Ryan, R. M., & Bargmann, K. (2003). Autonomy support and need satisfaction in the motivation and well-being of gymnasts. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 15, 372–390. doi:10.1080/714044203
  • Galli, N., & Vealey, R. S. (2008). ‘Bouncing back’ from adversity: Athletes' experiences of resilience. The Sport Psychologist, 22, 316–335.
  • Gucciardi, D. F., & Gordon, S. (2009). Development and preliminary validation of the Cricket Mental Toughness Inventory. Journal of Sports Sciences, 27, 1293–1310. doi:10.1080/02640410903242306
  • Gucciardi, D. F., & Gordon, S. (2011). Mental toughness in sport: Developments in theory and research. Abingdon: Routledge.
  • Gucciardi, D. F., Gordon, S., & Dimmock, J. (2008). Towards an understanding of mental toughness in Australian football. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 20, 261–281. doi:10.1080/10413200801998556
  • Gucciardi, D. F., Gordon, S., & Dimmock, J. (2009). Advancing mental toughness research and theory using personal construct psychology. International Review of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 2, 54–77. doi:10.1080/17509840802705938
  • Gucciardi, D. F., Gordon, S., Dimmock, J., & Mallett, C. J. (2009). Understanding the coach's role in the development of mental toughness: Perspectives of elite Australian football coaches. Journal of Sport Sciences, 27, 1483–1496. doi:10.1080/02640410903150475
  • Gucciardi, D. F., & Mallett, C. J. (2010). Understanding and developing mental toughness in sport. In S. J. Hanrahan & M. B. Andersen (Eds.), Handbook of applied sport psychology (pp. 547–556). London: Routledge.
  • Gucciardi, D. F., Mallett, C. J., Hanrahan, S. J., & Gordon, S. (2011). Measuring mental toughness in sport: Current status and future directions. In D. F. Gucciardi & S. Gordon (Eds.), Mental toughness in sport: Developments in theory and research (pp. 108–132). Abingdon: Routledge.
  • Hjemdal, O. (2007). Measuring protective factors: The development of two resilience scales in Norway. Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 16, 303–321. doi:10.1016/j.chc.2006.12.003
  • Jones, G., Hanton, S., & Connaughton, D. (2002). What is this thing called mental toughness? An investigation of elite sport performers. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 14, 205–218. doi:10.1080/10413200290103509
  • Jones, G., Hanton, S., & Connaughton, D. (2007). A framework of mental toughness in the world's best performers. The Sport Psychologist, 21, 243–264.
  • Lazarus, R. S., & Folkman, S. (1984). Stress, appraisal and coping. New York, NY: Springer.
  • Lepore, S. J., & Revenson, T. A. (2006). Resilience and posttraumatic growth: Recovery, resistance, & reconfiguration. In L. Calhoun & R. G. Tedeschi (Eds.), The handbook of posttraumatic growth: Research and practice (pp. 24–46). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
  • Levy, A. R., Nicholls, A. R., & Polman, R. C. J. (2011). Pre-competitive confidence, coping, and subjective performance in sport. Scandinavian Journal of Medice and Science in Sport, 21, 721–729. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0838.2009.01075.x
  • Luthar, S. S., & Cicchetti, D. (2000). The construction of resilience: Implications for interventions and social policies. Development and Psychopathology, 12, 857–885. doi:10.1017/S0954579400004156
  • Mageau, G. A., & Vallerand, R. J. (2003). The coach-athlete relationship: A motivational model. Journal of Sports Sciences, 21, 883–904. doi:10.1080/0264041031000140374
  • Mallett, C. J., & Coulter, T. J. (2011). Understanding and developing the will to win: Perceptions of parents, coaches, and players. In D. F. Gucciardi & S. Gordon (Eds.), Mental toughness in sport: Developments in research and theory (pp. 187–211). Abingdon: Routledge.
  • Maslow, A. (1943). A theory of human motivation. Psychological Review, 50, 370–396. doi:10.1037/h0054346
  • Nix, G. A., Ryan, R. M., Manly, J. B., & Deci, E. L. (1999). Revitalization through self-regulation: The effects of autonomous and controlled motivation on happiness and vitality. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 35, 266–284. doi:10.1006/jesp.1999.1382
  • Ntoumanis, N. (2001). A self-determination approach to the understanding of motivation in physical education. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 71, 225–242. doi:10.1348/000709901158497
  • Ntoumanis, N., Edmunds, J., & Duda, J. L. (2009). Understanding the coping process from a self-determination theory perspective. British Journal of Health Psychology, 14, 249–260. doi:10.1348/135910708X349352
  • Oettingen, G., & Gollwitzer, P. M. (2001). Goal setting and goal striving. In A. Tesser & N. Schwarz (Eds.), Blackwell handbook of social psychology: Intraindividual processes. (pp. 329–248). Oxford: Blackwell.
  • Pelletier, L. G., Fortier, M. S., Vallerand, R. J., & Brière, N. M. (2001). Associations among perceived autonomy support forms of self-regulation and persistence: A prospective study. Motivation and Emotion, 25, 279–306. doi:10.1023/A:1014805132406
  • Porath, C., Spreitzer, G. M., Gibson, C., & Garnett, F. G. (2012). Thriving at work: Toward its measurement, construct validation, and theoretical refinement. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 33, 250–275. doi:10.1002/job.756
  • Ryan, R. M., Bernstein, J. H., & Brown, K. W. (2010). Weekends, work, and well-being: Psychological need satisfactions and day of the week effects on mood, vitality, and physical symptoms. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 29, 95–122. doi:10.1521/jscp.2010.29.1.95
  • Ryan, R. M., Curren, R., & Deci, E. L. (2013). What humans need: Flourishing in Aristotelian philosophy and self-determination theory. In A. S. Waterman (Ed.), The best within us: Positive psychology perspectives on eudaimonia (pp. 57–75). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
  • Ryan, R. M., Koestner, R., & Deci, E. L. (1991). Ego-involved persistence: When free-choice behavior is not intrinsically motivated. Motivation and Emotion, 15, 185–205. doi:10.1007/BF00995170
  • Ryan, R. M., Sheldon, K. M., Kasser, T., & Deci, E. L. (1996). All goals are not created equal: An organismic perspective on the nature of goals and their regulation. In P. M. Gollwitzer & J. A. Bargh (Eds.), The psychology of action: Linking cognition and motivation to behavior (pp. 7–26). New York, NY: Guilford.
  • Seligman, M. E. P., Nolen-Hoeksema, S., Thornton, N., & Moe Thornoton, K. (1990). Explanatory style as a mechanism of disappointing athletic performance. Psychological Science, 1, 143–146. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.1990.tb00084.x
  • Sheldon, K. M., & Elliot, A. J. (1999). Goal striving, need satisfaction, and logitudinal well-being: The self-concordance model. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 76, 482–297. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.76.3.482
  • Silvia, P. J., McCord, D. M., & Gendolla, G. H. E. (2010). Self-focused attention, performance expectancies, and the intensity of effort: Do people try harder for harder goals? Motivation and Emotion, 34, 363–370. doi:10.1007/s11031-010-9192-7
  • Smith, A., Ntoumanis, N., & Duda, J. L. (2007). Goal striving, goal attainment, and well-being: Adapting and testing the self-concordance model in sport. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 29, 763–782.
  • Smith, A., Ntoumanis, N., Duda, J. L., & Vansteenkiste, M. (2011). Goal striving, coping, and well-being in sport: A prospective investigation of the self-concordance model. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 33, 124–145.
  • Spreitzer, G. M., & Porath, C. (2013). Self-determination as nutriment for thriving: Building an integrative model of human growth at work. In M. Gagné (Ed.), Oxford handbook of work engagement, motivation, and self-determination theory. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
  • Spreitzer, G. M., & Sutcliffe, K. M. (2007). Thriving in organizations. In D. Nelson & C. L. Copper (Eds.), Positive Organizational Behavior (pp. 74–85). London: Sage.
  • Spreitzer, G. M., Sutcliffe, K. M., Dutton, J., Sonenshein, J., & Grant, A. M. (2005). A socially embedded model of thriving at work. Organizational Science, 16, 537–549. doi:10.1287/orsc.1050.0153
  • Thelwell, R. C., Weston, N. J. V., & Greenlees, I. A. (2005). Defining and understanding mental toughness within soccer. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 17, 326–332. doi:10.1080/10413200500313636
  • Vallerand, R. J. (1997). Toward a hierarchical model of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. In M. P. Zanna (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (pp. 271–360). San Diego: Academic Press.
  • Vansteenkiste, M., Simons, J., Lens, W., Sheldon, K. M., & Deci, E. L. (2004). Motivating learning, performance, and persistence: The synergistic effects of intrinsic goal contents and autonomy-supportive contexts. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 87, 246–260. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.87.2.246
  • Weinberg, R., Butt, J., & Culp, B. (2011). Coaches' views of mental toughness and how it is built. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 9, 156–172. doi:10.1080/1612197X.2011.567106
  • Yeo, G. B., & Neal, A. (2004). A multilevel analysis of effort, practice, and performance: Effects of ability, conscientiousness, and goal orientation. Journal of Applied Psychology, 89, 231–247. doi:10.1037/0021-9010.89.2.231

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.