Thriving together: conceptual and methodological considerations for examining thriving in interdependent sport

References

• Barsade, S. G. (2002). The ripple effect: Emotional contagion and its influence on group behaviour. Administrative Science Quarterly, 47(4), 644–675. https://doi.org/10.2307/3094912
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benjamins, M. R., Hummer, R. A., Eberstein, I. W., & Nam, C. B. (2004). Self-reported health and adult mortality risk: An analysis of cause-specific mortality. Social Science & Medicine, 59(6), 1297–1306. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2003.01.001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benson, P. L., & Scales, C. (2009). The definition and preliminary measurement of thriving in adolescence. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 4(1), 85–104. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760802399240
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bird, G. A., Quinton, M. L., & Cumming, J. (2021). Promoting athlete mental health: The role of emotion regulation. Journal of Clinical Sport Psychology, 1(aop), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1123/jcsp.2021-0022
   Google Scholar
• Bissett, J. E., Kroshus, E., & Hebard, S. (2020). Determining the role of sport coaches in promoting athlete mental health: A narrative review and Delphi approach. BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine, 6(1), e000676. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjsem-2019-000676
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bonito, J. A., & Keyton, J. (2019). Multilevel measurement models for group collective constructs. Group Dynamics: Theory, Research, and Practice, 23(1), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1037/gdn0000096
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown, D. J. (2021). Thriving in athletic development environments. In C. Heaney, N. Kentzer, & B. Oakley (Eds.), Athletic development (1st ed., pp. 214–229). Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Brown, D. J., & Arnold, R. (2019). Sports performers’ perspectives on facilitating thriving in professional rugby contexts. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 40(1), 71–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2018.09.008
   Google Scholar
• Brown, D. J., Arnold, R., Fletcher, D., & Standage, M. (2017a). Human thriving: A conceptual debate and literature review. European Psychologist, 22(3), 167–179. https://doi.org/10.1027/1016-9040/a000294
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown, D. J., Arnold, R., Reid, T., & Roberts, G. (2018). A qualitative exploration of thriving in elite sport. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 30(2), 129–149. https://doi.org/10.1080/10413200.2017.1354339
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown, D. J., Arnold, R., Standage, M., & Fletcher, D. (2017b). Thriving on pressure: A factor mixture analysis of sport performers’ responses to competitive encounters. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 39(6), 423–437. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsep.2016-0293
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown, D. J., Arnold, R., Standage, M., & Fletcher, D. (2021a). A longitudinal examination of thriving in sport performers. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 55(1), 101934. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2021.101934
   Google Scholar
• Brown, D. J., Arnold, R., Standage, M., Turner, J. E., & Fletcher, D. (2021b). The prediction of thriving in elite sport: A prospective examination of the role of psychological need satisfaction, challenge appraisal, and salivary biomarkers. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 24(4), 373–379. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2020.09.019
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown, D. J., Passaportis, M., & Hays, K. (2021c). Thriving. In R. Arnold, & D. Fletcher (Eds.), Stress, well-being, and performance in sport (pp. 297–312). Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Brown, D. J., Sarkar, M., & Howells, K. (2020). Growth, resilience, and thriving: A jangle fallacy?. In R. Wadey, M. Day, & K. Howells (Eds.), Growth following adversity in sport (1 st ed., pp. 59–72). Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Campbell, D. T. (1958). Common fate, similarity, and other indices of the status of aggregates of persons as social entities. Behavioural Science, 3(1), 14–25. https://doi.org/10.1002/bs.3830030103
   Google Scholar
• Cantril, H. (1965). Pattern of human concerns. Rutgers University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Chan, D. (1998). Functional relations among constructs in the same content domain at different levels of analysis: A typology of composition models. Journal of Applied Psychology, 83(2), 234–246. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.83.2.234
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clarkson, B. G., Wagstaff, C. R., Arthur, C. A., & Thelwell, R. C. (2020). Leadership and the contagion of affective phenomena: A systematic review and mini meta-analysis. European Journal of Social Psychology, 50(1), 61–80. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.2615
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Côté, J, Turnnidge, J, Murata, A, Mcguire, C S, & Martin, L J. (2020). Youth sport research: Describing the integrated dynamic elements of the personal assets framework. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 51(6), 562–578. https://doi.org/10.7352/IJSP.2020.51.562
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cross, R., Baker, W., & Parker, A. (2003). What creates energy in organisations? MIT Sloan Management Review, 44(4), 51–56.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davis, L., Brown, D. J., Arnold, R., & Gustafsson, H. (2021). Thriving through relationships in sport: The role of the parent–athlete and coach–athlete attachment relationship. Frontiers in Psychology, 12(1), 694599. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.694599
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dawkins, S., Martin, A., Scott, J., & Sanderson, K. (2015). Advancing conceptualisation and measurement of psychological capital as a collective construct. Human Relations, 68(6), 925–949. https://doi.org/10.1177/0018726714549645
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2000). The “what” and “why” of goal pursuits: Human needs and the self-determination of behavior. Psychological Inquiry, 11(4), 227–268. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327965PLI1104_01
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ebesutani, C., Regan, J., Smith, A., Reise, S., Higa-McMillan, C., & Chorpita, B. F. (2012). The 10-item positive and negative affect schedule for children, child and parent shortened versions: Application of item response theory for more efficient assessment. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 34(2), 191–203. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10862-011-9273-2
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Epel, E. S., McEwen, B. S., & Ickovics, J. R. (1998). Embodying psychological thriving: Physical thriving in response to stress. Journal of Social Issues, 54(2), 301–322. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4560.1998.tb01220.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Evans, M. B., Eys, M. A., & Bruner, M. W. (2012). Seeing the “we” in “me” sports: The need to consider individual sport team environments. Canadian Psychology/Psychologie Canadienne, 53(4), 301–308. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0030202
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eys, M., Bruner, M. W., & Martin, L. J. (2019). The dynamic group environment in sport and exercise. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 42(1), 40–47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2018.11.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eys, M., Evans, M. B., & Benson, A. (2020). Group dynamics in sport (5th ed.). Fit Publishing.
   Google Scholar
• Eys, M. A., & Brawley, L. R. (2018). Reflections on cohesion research with sport and exercise groups. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 12(4), e12379. https://doi.org/10.1111/spc3.12379
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feeney, B. C., & Collins, N. L. (2015). A new look at social support: A theoretical perspective on thriving through relationships. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 19(2), 113–147. https://doi.org/10.1177/1088868314544222
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Forsyth, D. R. (2014). Group dynamics. Pacific Grove.
   Google Scholar
• Fredrickson, B. L. (1998). What good are positive emotions? Review of General Psychology, 2(1), 300–319. https://doi.org/10.1037/1089-2680.2.3.300
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Freeman, P., & Rees, T. (2009). How does perceived support lead to better performance? An examination of potential mechanisms. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 21(4), 429–441. https://doi.org/10.1080/10413200903222913
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giles, S., Fletcher, D., Arnold, R., Ashfield, A., & Harrison, J. (2020). Measuring well-being in sport performers: Where are we now and how do we progress? Sports Medicine, 50(1), 1255–1270. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-020-01274-z
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Goh, Z., Eva, N., Kiazad, K., Jack, G. A., De Cieri, H., & Spreitzer, G. M. (2022). An integrative multilevel review of thriving at work: Assessing progress and promise. Journal of Organisational Behaviour, 43(2), 197–213. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.2571
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Graupensperger, S., Turrisi, R., Jones, D., & Evans, M. B. (2020). Longitudinal associations between perceptions of peer group drinking norms and students’ alcohol use frequency within college sport teams. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 44(2), 541–552. https://doi.org/10.1111/acer.14270
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gucciardi, D. F., Stamatis, A., & Ntoumanis, N. (2017). Controlling coaching and athlete thriving in elite adolescent netballers: The buffering effect of athletes’ mental toughness. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 20(8), 718–722. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2017.02.007
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Henriksen, K., Schinke, R., Moesch, K., McCann, S., Parham, W. D., Larsen, C. H., & Terry, P. (2020). Consensus statement on improving the mental health of high-performance athletes. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 18(5), 553–560. https://doi.org/10.1080/1612197X.2019.1570473
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hilbert, S., Stadler, M., Lindl, A., Naumann, F., & Bühner, M. (2019). Analysing longitudinal intervention studies with linear mixed models. TPM: Testing, Psychometrics, Methodology in Applied Psychology, 26(1), 101–119. https://doi.org/10.4473/TPM26.1.6
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• James, L. R., Demaree, R. G., & Wolf, G. (1984). Estimating within-group interrater reliability with and without response bias. Journal of Applied Psychology, 69(1), 85–98.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jenkins, P. K. (2010). A case study of collective thriving at work [Doctoral dissertation]. Capella University. ProQuest Dissertations Publishing.
   Google Scholar
• Keister, A. C. C. (2014). Thriving teams and change agility: Leveraging a collective state to create organisation agility. In A. B. Shani, & D. A. Noumair (Eds.), Research in organisational change and development (pp. 299–333). Emerald Group Publishing Limited.
   Google Scholar
• Kinoshita, K., MacIntosh, E., & Sato, S. (2022). Thriving in youth sport: The antecedents and consequences. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 20(2), 356–376. https://doi.org/10.1080/1612197X.2021.1877327
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kipp, L. E., & Weiss, M. R. (2013). Social influences, psychological need satisfaction, and well- being among female adolescent gymnasts. Sport, Exercise, and Performance Psychology, 2(1), 62–75. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0030236
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klein, K. J., & Kozlowski, S. W. (2000). From micro to meso: Critical steps in conceptualising and conducting multilevel research. Organisational Research Methods, 3(3), 211–236. https://doi.org/10.1177/109442810033001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kozlowski, S. W., Chao, G. T., Grand, J. A., Braun, M. T., & Kuljanin, G. (2013). Advancing multilevel research design: Capturing the dynamics of emergence. Organisational Research Methods, 16(4), 581–615. https://doi.org/10.1177/1094428113493119
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kozlowski, S. W. J., & Klein, K. J. (2000). A multilevel approach to theory and research in organisations: Contextual, temporal, and emergent processes. In K. J. Klein, & S. W. J. Kozlowski (Eds.), Multilevel theory, research, and methods in organisations: Foundations, extensions, and new directions (pp. 3–90). Jossey-Bass.
   Google Scholar
• Lang, J. W., Bliese, P. D., & de Voogt, A. (2018). Modeling consensus emergence in groups using longitudinal multilevel methods. Personnel Psychology, 71(2), 255–281. https://doi.org/10.1111/peps.12260
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maninger, N., Wolkowitz, O. M., Reus, V. I., Epel, E. S., & Mellon, S. H. (2009). Neurobiological and neuropsychiatric effects of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and DHEA sulfate (DHEAS). Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology, 30(1), 65–91. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yfrne.2008.11.002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martin, L., Eys, M., & Spink, K. (2017). The social environment in sport organisations. In C. Wagstaff (Ed.), The organisational psychology of sport (1st ed., pp. 235–252). Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• McHenry, L. K., Cochran, J. L., Zakrajsek, R. A., Fisher, L. A., Couch, S. R., & Hill, B. S. (2022). Elite figure Skaters’ experiences of thriving in the coach-athlete relationship: A person-centred theory perspective. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 34(2), 436–456. https://doi.org/10.1080/10413200.2020.1800862
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morgan, P. B., Fletcher, D., & Sarkar, M. (2017). Recent developments in team resilience research in elite sport. Current Opinion in Psychology, 16(1), 159–164. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2017.05.013
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Morgeson, F. P., & Hofmann, D. A. (1999). The structure and function of collective constructs: Implications for multilevel research and theory development. Academy of Management Review, 24(2), 249–265. https://doi.org/10.2307/259081. https://www.jstor.org/stable/259081
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Myers, N. D., & Feltz, D. L. (2007). From self-efficacy to collective efficacy in sport: Transitional methodological issues. In G. Tenenbaum, & R. C. Eklund (Eds.), Handbook of sport psychology (pp. 799–819). Wiley.
   Google Scholar
• Passaportis, M. J., Brown, D. J., Wagstaff, C. R., Arnold, R., & Hays, K. (2022). Creating an environment for thriving: An ethnographic exploration of a British decentralised Olympic and Paralympic Sport Organisation. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 62(1), 102247. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2022.102247
   Google Scholar
• Porath, C., Spreitzer, G., Gibson, C., & Garnett, F. G. (2012). Thriving at work: Toward its measurement, construct validation, and theoretical refinement. Journal of Organisational Behaviour, 33(2), 250–275. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.756
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Poucher, Z. A., Tamminen, K. A., & Wagstaff, C. R. (2021). Organisational systems in British sport and their impact on athlete development and mental health. The Sport Psychologist, 35(4), 270–280. https://doi.org/10.1123/tsp.2020-0146
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Purcell, R., Gwyther, K., & Rice, S. M. (2019). Mental health in elite athletes: Increased awareness requires an early intervention framework to respond to athlete needs. Sports Medicine-Open, 5(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40798-019-0220-1
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rouquette, O. Y., Knight, C. J., Lovett, V. E., Barrell, D., & Heuzé, J. P. (2021). The positive association between perceived parental responsiveness and self-esteem, anxiety, and thriving among youth rugby players: A multigroup analysis. Journal of Sports Sciences, 39(13), 1537–1547. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2021.1883311
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rumbold, J. L., Newman, J. A., Foster, D., Rhind, D. J., Phoenix, J., & Hickey, L. (2022). Assessing post-game emotions in soccer teams: The role of distinct emotional dynamics. European Journal of Sport Science, 22(6), 888–896. https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2021.1916079
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2017). Self-determination theory: Basic psychological needs in motivation, development, and wellness. Guilford.
   Google Scholar
• Ryan, R. M., & Frederick, C. (1997). On energy, personality, and health: Subjective vitality as a dynamic reflection of well-being. Journal of Personality, 65(1), 529–565. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.1997.tb00326.x
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sapolsky, R. M., Romero, L. M., & Munck, A. U. (2000). How do glucocorticoids influence stress responses? Integrating permissive, suppressive, stimulatory, and preparative actions. Endocrine Reviews, 21(1), 55–89.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sarkar, M., & Fletcher, D. (2014). Psychological resilience in sport performers: A review of stressors and protective factors. Journal of Sports Sciences, 32(15), 1419–1434. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2014.901551
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spreitzer, G., Sutcliffe, K., Dutton, J., Sonenshein, S., & Grant, A. M. (2005). A social embedded model of thriving at work. Organisation Science, 16(5), 537–549. https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.1050.0153
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spreitzer, G. M., & Sutcliffe, K. M. (2007). Thriving in organisations. In D. L. Nelson, & C. L. Cooper (Eds.), Positive organisational behaviour (pp. 74–85). SAGE.
   Google Scholar
• Tamminen, K. A., & Bennett, E. V. (2017). No emotion is an island: An overview of theoretical perspectives and narrative research on emotions in sport and physical activity. Qualitative Research in Sport, Exercise and Health, 9(2), 183–199. https://doi.org/10.1080/2159676X.2016.1254109
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thompson, B., & Ravlin, E. (2017). Protective factors and risk factors: Shaping the emergence of dyadic resilience at work. Organisational Psychology Review, 7(2), 143–170. https://doi.org/10.1177/2041386616652673
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thompson, E. R. (2007). Development and validation of an internationally reliable short-form of the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS). Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 38(1), 227–242. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022022106297301
   Google Scholar
• Vella, S. A., Mayland, E., Schweickle, M. J., Sutcliffe, J. T., McEwan, D., & Swann, C. (2022). Psychological safety in sport: A systematic review and concept analysis. International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 1–24. https://doi.org/10.1080/1750984X.2022.2028306
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walumbwa, F. O., Muchiri, M. K., Misati, E., Wu, C., & Meiliani, M. (2018). Inspired to perform: A multilevel investigation of antecedents and consequences of thriving at work. Journal of Organisational Behaviour, 39(3), 249–261. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.2216
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Watson, D., Clark, L. A., & Tellegen, A. (1988). Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: The PANAS scales. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54(6), 1063–1070. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.54.6.1063
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wolf, S. A., Harenberg, S., Tamminen, K., & Schmitz, H. (2018). “Cause you can't play this by yourself”: Athletes’ perceptions of team influence on their precompetitive psychological states. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 30(2), 185–203. https://doi.org/10.1080/10413200.2017.1347965
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu, C. M., & Chen, T. J. (2019). Inspiring prosociality in hotel workplaces: Roles of authentic leadership, collective mindfulness, and collective thriving. Tourism Management Perspectives, 31(1), 123–135. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2019.04.002
   Google Scholar
• Xu, A. J., & Wang, L. (2020). How and when servant leaders enable collective thriving: The role of team-member exchange and political climate. British Journal of Management, 31(2), 274–288. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8551.12358
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar