BMI but not age and sex negatively impact on the outcome of pharmacotherapy in fibromyalgia: a systematic review

References

• El-Shewy KM, Kunbaz A, Gad MM, et al. Hyperbaric oxygen and aerobic exercise in the long-term treatment of fibromyalgia: a narrative review. Biomed Pharmacother. 2019 Jan;109:629–638.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walitt B, Urrutia G, Nishishinya MB, et al. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors for fibromyalgia syndrome. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015 Jun;5(6):CD011735.
   Google Scholar
• Fitzcharles MA, Ste-Marie PA, Goldenberg DL, et al. Canadian pain society and canadian rheumatology association recommendations for rational care of persons with fibromyalgia: a summary report. J Rheumatol. 2013 Aug;40(8):1388–1393.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bair MJ, Krebs EE. Fibromyalgia. Ann Intern Med. 2020 Mar 3;172(5):ITC33–ITC48.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tzellos TG, Toulis KA, Goulis DG, et al. Gabapentin and pregabalin in the treatment of fibromyalgia: a systematic review and a meta-analysis. J Clin Pharm Ther. 2010 Dec;35(6):639–656.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Derry S, Cording M, Wiffen PJ, et al. Pregabalin for pain in fibromyalgia in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016 Sep 29;9:CD011790.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hauser W, Bernardy K, Uceyler N, et al. Treatment of fibromyalgia syndrome with gabapentin and pregabalin–a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Pain. 2009 Sep;145(1–2):69–81.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bellato E, Marini E, Castoldi F, et al. Fibromyalgia syndrome: etiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment. Pain Res Treat. 2012;2012:426130.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Waylonis GW, Perkins RH. Post-traumatic fibromyalgia. A long-term follow-up. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 1994 Nov-Dec;73(6):403–412.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• D’Agnelli S, Arendt-Nielsen L, Gerra MC, et al. Fibromyalgia: genetics and epigenetics insights may provide the basis for the development of diagnostic biomarkers. Mol Pain. 2019 Jan-Dec;15:1744806918819944.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wolfe F, Smythe HA, Yunus MB, et al. The American College of Rheumatology 1990 Criteria for the Classification of Fibromyalgia. Report of the Multicenter Criteria Committee. Arthritis Rheum. 1990 Feb;33(2):160–172.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wolfe F, Clauw DJ, Fitzcharles MA, et al. The American College of Rheumatology preliminary diagnostic criteria for fibromyalgia and measurement of symptom severity. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2010 May;62(5):600–610.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wolfe F, Clauw DJ, Fitzcharles M-A, et al. Revisions to the 2010/2011 fibromyalgia diagnostic criteria. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2016 Dec;46(3):319–329.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Choy E, Perrot S, Leon T, et al. A patient survey of the impact of fibromyalgia and the journey to diagnosis. BMC Health Serv Res. 2010 Apr 26;10(1):102.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Yunus MB. The role of gender in fibromyalgia syndrome. Curr Rheumatol Rep. 2001 Apr 3;3(2):128–134.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Arranz L, Canela MA, Rafecas M. Relationship between body mass index, fat mass and lean mass with SF-36 quality of life scores in a group of fibromyalgia patients. Rheumatol Int. 2012 Nov;32(11):3605–3611.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yunus MB, Celiker R, Aldag JC. Fibromyalgia in men: comparison of psychological features with women. J Rheumatol. 2004 Dec;31(12):2464–2467.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chesterton LS, Barlas P, Foster NE, et al. Gender differences in pressure pain threshold in healthy humans. Pain. 2003 Feb;101(3):259–266.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Hecke O, Torrance N, Smith BH. Chronic pain epidemiology and its clinical relevance. Br J Anaesth. 2013 Jul;111(1):13–18.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fillingim RB. Sex, gender, and pain: women and men really are different. Curr Rev Pain. 2000;4(1):24–30.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wiesenfeld-Hallin Z. Sex differences in pain perception. Gend Med. 2005 Sep 2;2(3):137–145.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Thomas E, Wilkie R, Peat G, et al. The North Staffordshire Osteoarthritis Project–NorStOP: prospective, 3-year study of the epidemiology and management of clinical osteoarthritis in a general population of older adults. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2004 Jan 13;5(1):2.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Thomas E, Peat G, Harris L, et al. The prevalence of pain and pain interference in a general population of older adults: cross-sectional findings from the North Staffordshire Osteoarthritis Project (NorStOP). Pain. 2004 Jul;110(1–2):361–368.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thomas E, Mottram S, Peat G, et al. The effect of age on the onset of pain interference in a general population of older adults: prospective findings from the North Staffordshire Osteoarthritis Project (NorStOP). Pain. 2007 May;129(1–2):21–27.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fitzcharles MA, Ste-Marie PA, Shir Y, et al. Management of fibromyalgia in older adults. Drugs Aging. 2014 Oct;31(10):711–719.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Castel A, Castro S, Fontova R, et al. Body mass index and response to a multidisciplinary treatment of fibromyalgia. Rheumatol Int. 2015 Feb;35(2):303–314.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Okifuji A, Hare BD. The association between chronic pain and obesity. J Pain Res. 2015;8:399–408.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ursini F, Naty S, Grembiale RD. Fibromyalgia and obesity: the hidden link. Rheumatol Int. 2011 Nov;31(11):1403–1408.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shapiro JR, Anderson DA, Danoff-Burg S. A pilot study of the effects of behavioral weight loss treatment on fibromyalgia symptoms. J Psychosom Res. 2005 Nov;59(5):275–282.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, et al. Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement. BMJ. 2009 Jul 21;339:b2535.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Howick JCI, Glasziou P, Greenhalgh T, et al. The 2011 oxford levels of evidence. Oxford centre for evidence-based medicine; [cited January 2021]. Available from: https://wwwcebmnet/indexaspx?o=5653
   Google Scholar
• Ben-Yosef M, Tanai G, Buskila D, et al. Fibromyalgia and its consequent disability. Isr Med Assoc J. 2020 Jul;22(7):446–450.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schweiger V, Del Balzo G, Raniero D, et al. Current trends in disability claims due to fibromyalgia syndrome. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2017 May-Jun;35 Suppl 105(3):119–126.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hauser W, Ablin J, Fitzcharles MA, et al. Fibromyalgia. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2015 Aug 13;1(1):15022.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Reisine S, Fifield J, Walsh S, et al. Employment and health status changes among women with fibromyalgia: a five-year study. Arthritis Rheum. 2008 Dec 15;59(12):1735–1741.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mork PJ, Vasseljen O, Nilsen TI. Association between physical exercise, body mass index, and risk of fibromyalgia: longitudinal data from the Norwegian Nord-trondelag health study. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2010 May;62(5):611–617.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bennett R, Russell IJ, Choy E, et al. Evaluation of patient-rated stiffness associated with fibromyalgia: a post-hoc analysis of 4 pooled, randomized clinical trials of duloxetine. Clin Ther. 2012 Apr;34(4):824–837.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gota CE, Kaouk S, Wilke WS. Fibromyalgia and obesity: the association between body mass index and disability, depression, history of abuse, medications, and comorbidities. J Clin Rheumatol. 2015 Sep;21(6):289–295.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Okifuji A, Donaldson GW, Barck L, et al. Relationship between fibromyalgia and obesity in pain, function, mood, and sleep. J Pain. 2010 Dec;11(12):1329–1337.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Upadhyaya HP, Arnold LM, Alaka K, et al. Efficacy and safety of duloxetine versus placebo in adolescents with juvenile fibromyalgia: results from a randomized controlled trial. Pediatr Rheumatol Online J. 2019 May 28;17(1):27.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zareba G. New treatment options in the management of fibromyalgia: role of pregabalin. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2008 Dec 4;(6):1193–1201. DOI:10.2147/NDT.S3257
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wolfe F, Ross K, Anderson J, et al. Aspects of fibromyalgia in the general population: sex, pain threshold, and fibromyalgia symptoms. J Rheumatol. 1995 Jan;22(1):151–156.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arnold LM, Lu Y, Crofford LJ, et al. A double-blind, multicenter trial comparing duloxetine with placebo in the treatment of fibromyalgia patients with or without major depressive disorder. Arthritis Rheum. 2004 Sep;50(9):2974–2984.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Russell IJ, Mease PJ, Smith TR, et al. Efficacy and safety of duloxetine for treatment of fibromyalgia in patients with or without major depressive disorder: results from a 6-month, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, fixed-dose trial. Pain. 2008 Jun;136(3):432–444.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Acet G, Kaya A, Akturk S, et al. A comparison of the effectiveness of amitriptilin and pregabalin treatment in fibromyalgia patients. North Clin Istanb. 2017;4(2):151–159.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Argoff CE, Emir B, Whalen E, et al. Pregabalin improves pain scores in patients with fibromyalgia irrespective of comorbid osteoarthritis. Pain Med. 2016 Nov;17(11):2100–2108.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arnold LM, Hess EV, Hudson JI, et al. A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, flexible-dose study of fluoxetine in the treatment of women with fibromyalgia. Am J Med. 2002 Feb 15;112(3):191–197.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arnold LM, Rosen A, Pritchett YL, et al. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of duloxetine in the treatment of women with fibromyalgia with or without major depressive disorder. Pain. 2005 Dec 15;119(1–3):5–15.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arnold LM, Goldenberg DL, Stanford SB, et al. Gabapentin in the treatment of fibromyalgia: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial. Arthritis Rheum. 2007 Apr;56(4):1336–1344.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arnold LM, Russell IJ, Diri EW, et al. A 14-week, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled monotherapy trial of pregabalin in patients with fibromyalgia. J Pain. 2008 Sep 9;9(9):792–805.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arnold LM, Clauw D, Wang F, et al. Flexible dosed duloxetine in the treatment of fibromyalgia: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J Rheumatol. 2010 Dec;37(12):2578–2586.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arnold LM, Zhang S, Pangallo BA. Efficacy and safety of duloxetine 30 mg/d in patients with fibromyalgia: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Clin J Pain. 2012 Nov-Dec;28(9):775–781.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arnold LM, Arsenault P, Huffman C, et al. Once daily controlled-release pregabalin in the treatment of patients with fibromyalgia: a phase III, double-blind, randomized withdrawal, placebo-controlled study. Curr Med Res Opin. 2014 Oct;30(10):2069–2083.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arnold LM, Sarzi-Puttini P, Arsenault P, et al. Efficacy and safety of pregabalin in patients with fibromyalgia and comorbid depression taking concurrent antidepressant medication: a randomized, placebo-controlled study. J Rheumatol. 2015 Jul;42(7):1237–1244.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arnold LM, Schikler KN, Bateman L, et al. Safety and efficacy of pregabalin in adolescents with fibromyalgia: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial and a 6-month open-label extension study. Pediatr Rheumatol Online J. 2016 Jul 30;14(1):46.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bateman L, Palmer RH, Trugman JM, et al. Results of switching to milnacipran in fibromyalgia patients with an inadequate response to duloxetine: a phase IV pilot study. J Pain Res. 2013;6:311–318.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bennett R, Clark S, Walczyk J. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of growth hormone in the treatment of fibromyalgia. Am J Med. 1998;104(3):227–231.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bidari A, Moazen-Zadeh E, Ghavidel-Parsa B, et al. Comparing duloxetine and pregabalin for treatment of pain and depression in women with fibromyalgia: an open-label randomized clinical trial. Daru. 2019 Jun;27(1):149–158.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boomershine CS, Koch TA, Morris D. A blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled study to investigate the efficacy and safety of ferric carboxymaltose in iron-deficient patients with fibromyalgia. Rheumatol Ther. 2018 Jun 5;5(1):271–281.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Braz AS, Morais LC, Paula AP, et al. Effects of Panax ginseng extract in patients with fibromyalgia: a 12-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Braz J Psychiatry. 2013 Mar;35(1):21–28.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Clair A, Emir B. The safety and efficacy of pregabalin for treating subjects with fibromyalgia and moderate or severe baseline widespread pain. Curr Med Res Opin. 2016;32(3):601–609.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crofford LJ, Rowbotham MC, Mease PJ, et al. Pregabalin for the treatment of fibromyalgia syndrome: results of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Arthritis Rheum. 2005 Apr;52(4):1264–1273.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crofford LJ, Mease PJ, Simpson SL, et al. Fibromyalgia relapse evaluation and efficacy for durability of meaningful relief (FREEDOM): a 6-month, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial with pregabalin. Pain. 2008 Jun;136(3):419–431.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fors EA, Sexton H, Gotestam KG. The effect of guided imagery and amitriptyline on daily fibromyalgia pain: a prospective, randomized, controlled trial. J Psychiatr Res. 2002 May-Jun;36(3):179–187.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gilron I, Chaparro LE, Tu D, et al. Combination of pregabalin with duloxetine for fibromyalgia: a randomized controlled trial. Pain. 2016 Jul;157(7):1532–1540.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goldenberg DL, Felson DT, Dinerman H. A randomized, controlled trial of amitriptyline and naproxen in the treatment of patients with fibromyalgia. Arthritis Rheum. 1986 Nov;29(11):1371–1377.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goldenberg D, Mayskiy M, Mossey C, et al. A randomized, double-blind crossover trial of fluoxetine and amitriptyline in the treatment of fibromyalgia. Arthritis Rheum. 1996 Nov;39(11):1852–1859.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hadianfard MJ, Hosseinzadeh Parizi M. A randomized clinical trial of fibromyalgia treatment with acupuncture compared with fluoxetine. Iran Red Crescent Med J. 2012 Oct;14(10):631–640.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heymann RE, Helfenstein M, Feldman D. A double-blind, randomized, controlled study of amitriptyline, nortriptyline and placebo in patients with fibromyalgia. An analysis of outcome measures. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2001 Nov-Dec;19(6):697–702.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mease PJ, Russell IJ, Arnold LM, et al. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase III trial of pregabalin in the treatment of patients with fibromyalgia. J Rheumatol. 2008 Mar;35(3):502–514.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mease PJ, Farmer MV, Palmer RH, et al. Milnacipran combined with pregabalin in fibromyalgia: a randomized, open-label study evaluating the safety and efficacy of adding milnacipran in patients with incomplete response to pregabalin. Ther Adv Musculoskelet Dis. 2013 Jun 5;5(3):113–126.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mohs R, Mease P, Arnold LM, et al. The effect of duloxetine treatment on cognition in patients with fibromyalgia. Psychosom Med. 2012 Jul-Aug;74(6):628–634.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murakami M, Osada K, Mizuno H, et al. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase III trial of duloxetine in Japanese fibromyalgia patients. Arthritis Res Ther. 2015 Aug 22;17(1):224.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Nasser K, Kivitz AJ, Maricic MJ, et al. Twice daily versus once nightly dosing of pregabalin for fibromyalgia: a double-blind randomized clinical trial of efficacy and safety. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2014 Feb;66(2):293–300.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Natelson BH, Vu D, Mao X, et al. Effect of milnacipran treatment on ventricular lactate in fibromyalgia: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J Pain. 2015 Nov;16(11):1211–1219.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Noppers I, Niesters M, Swartjes M, et al. Absence of long-term analgesic effect from a short-term S-ketamine infusion on fibromyalgia pain: a randomized, prospective, double blind, active placebo-controlled trial. Eur J Pain. 2011 Oct;15(9):942–949.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Norregaard J, Volkmann H, Danneskiold-Samsoe B. A randomized controlled trial of citalopram in the treatment of fibromyalgia. Pain. 1995 Jun;61(3):445–449.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ohta H, Oka H, Usui C, et al. A randomized, double-blind, multicenter, placebo-controlled phase III trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pregabalin in Japanese patients with fibromyalgia. Arthritis Res Ther. 2012 Oct 12;14(5):R217.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pauer L, Winkelmann A, Arsenault P, et al. An international, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase III trial of pregabalin monotherapy in treatment of patients with fibromyalgia. J Rheumatol. 2011 Dec;38(12):2643–2652.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Posner I. Treatment of fibromyalgia syndrome with intravenous lidocaine: a prospective, randomized pilot study. J Musculoskelet Pain. 1994;2(4):55–65.
   Google Scholar
• Roman P, Estevez AF, Miras A, et al. A pilot randomized controlled trial to explore cognitive and emotional effects of probiotics in fibromyalgia. Sci Rep. 2018 Jul 19;8(1):10965.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Roth T, Lankford DA, Bhadra P, et al. Effect of pregabalin on sleep in patients with fibromyalgia and sleep maintenance disturbance: a randomized, placebo-controlled, 2-way crossover polysomnography study. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2012 Apr;64(4):597–606.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shakiba M, Moazan-Zadeh E, Ali Noorbala A, et al. Saffron (Crocus sativus) versus duloxetine for treatment of patients with fibromyalgia: a randomized double-blind clinical trial. Avicenna J Phytomed. 2018;8(6):513–523.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vergne-Salle P, Dufauret-Lombard C, Bonnet C, et al. A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of dolasetron, a 5-hydroxytryptamine 3 receptor antagonist, in patients with fibromyalgia. Eur J Pain. 2011 May;15(5):509–514.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ware MA, Fitzcharles MA, Joseph L, et al. The effects of nabilone on sleep in fibromyalgia: results of a randomized controlled trial. Anesth Analg. 2010 Feb 1;110(2):604–610.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wepner F, Scheuer R, Schuetz-Wieser B, et al. Effects of vitamin D on patients with fibromyalgia syndrome: a randomized placebo-controlled trial. Pain. 2014 Feb;155(2):261–268.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wolfe F, Cathey MA, Hawley DJ. A double-blind placebo controlled trial of fluoxetine in fibromyalgia. Scand J Rheumatol. 1994;23(5):255–259.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang X, Xu H, Zhang Z, et al. Effcacy and safety of pregabalin for fibromyalgia in a population of chinese patients: a phase 3, randomized, double-blind, placebo- controlled trial. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2017;69:NR.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar