887
Views
8
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
ARTICLES

CRISIS JOURNALISM AT A CROSSROADS?

Finnish journalists’ reflections on their profession after two school shooting cases

Pages 719-734 | Published online: 25 May 2011

REFERENCES

  • Alasuutari , Pertti 1995 Researching Culture: qualitative method and cultural studies , London : Sage .
  • Altheide , David L. 2009 The Columbine Shootings and the Discourse of Fear , American Behavioral Scientists 52 10 , pp. 1354 – 70 .
  • Becker , Karin , Ekecrantz , Jan and Olsson , Tom 2000 “ Introduction: picturing politics in 20th century Sweden ”, in : Karin , Becker , Jan , Ekecrantz and Tom Olsson Picturing Politics: visual and textual formations of modernity in the Swedish press , Stockholm : The Department of Journalism, Media and Communication (JMK), Stockholm University , pp. 8 – 25 .
  • Berkowitz , Dan 2000 Doing Double Duty: paradigm repair and the Princess Diana what-a-story , Journalism 1 2 , pp. 125 – 43 .
  • Boud , David and Feletti , Grahame 1991 The Challenge of Problem Based Learning , London : Kogan Page .
  • Brayne , Mark 2007 Trauma & Journalism: a guide for journalists, editors and managers , Seattle : Dart Center for Journalism & Trauma .
  • Deuze , Mark 2005 What Is Journalism? Professional identity and ideology of journalists reconsidered , Journalism 6 4 , pp. 442 – 64 .
  • Deuze , Mark 2007 Media Work , Cambridge : Polity Press .
  • Dewey , John 1960 How We Think: a restatement of the relation of reflective thinking to the educative process , 2nd edn , Lexington, MA : D. C. Heath and Company .
  • Englund , Liselotte 2008 Katastrofens öga: en studie av journalisters arbete på olycksplats [The Eye of Disaster: a study of journalists working at accident scene] , Gothenburg : The Department of Journalism, Media and Communication (JMG), University of Gothenburg .
  • Ettema , James S. and Glasser , Theodore L. 1998 Custodians of Conscience: investigative journalism and public virtue , New York : Columbia University Press .
  • Frymer , Benjamin 2009 The Media Spectacle of Columbine: alienated youth as an object of fear , American Behavioral Scientists 52 10 , pp. 1387 – 404 .
  • Glasser , Theodore and Gunther , Marc 2005 “ The Legacy of Autonomy in American Journalism ”, in : Geneva Overholser and Kathleen Hall Jamieson The Press , New York : Oxford University Press , pp. 384 – 99 .
  • Gravengaard , Gitte 2009 “ That's a Good News Story ”, paper presented to the Nordic Conference for Media and Communication Research, Karlstad, Sweden, August .
  • Hakala , Salli 2009 Koulusurmat verkostoyhteiskunnassa: analyysi Jokelan ja Kauhajoen kriisien viestinnästä [School Shootings in Network Society: analysis of communication in Jokela and Kauhajoki crisis] , Helsinki : Communication Research Center (CRC), University of Helsinki .
  • Hallin , Daniel C. 1992 The Passing of the ‘High Modernism’ of American Journalism , Journal of Communication 42 3 , pp. 14 – 25 .
  • Hallin , Daniel C. and Mancini , Paolo 2004 Comparing Media Systems: three models of media and politics , Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
  • Haravuori , Henna , Suomalainen , Laura , Turunen , Tuija , Helin , Janne , Berg , Noora , Murtonen , Kalle , Kajak , Kristi , Kiviruusu , Olli and Marttunen , Mauri 2009 Kauhajoen ampumissurmille altistuneiden oppilaiden selviytyminen, tuki ja hoito: Kahden vuoden prospektiivisen seurantatutkimuksen väliraportti [Students Exposed to a School Shooting in Kauhajoki—recovering and received support and care: an interim report of a controlled two year follow-up study] , Helsinki : National Institute for Health and Welfare , http://www.thl.fi/thl-client/pdfs/6dc51eec-081d-4c05-848c-11a7f41e8c4c, accessed 21 September 2010.
  • Heinonen , Ari 1998 “ The Finnish Journalist: watchdog with a conscience ”, in : David H. Weaver The Global Journalist: news people around the world , Cresskill, NJ : Hampton Press , pp. 161 – 90 .
  • Heinonen , Ari 2008 Yleisön sanansijat sanomalehdistössä [Letting the Audience Have a Say in Newspapers] , Tampere : Department of Journalism and Mass Communication, University of Tampere .
  • Henry , Stuart 2009 School Violence Beyond Columbine: a complex problem in need of an interdisciplinary analysis , American Behavioral Scientists 52 9 , pp. 1246 – 65 .
  • Hight , Joe and Smyth , Frank 2003 Tragedies & Journalists: a guide for more effective coverage , Seattle : Dart Center for Journalism & Trauma .
  • Jaakkonen , Pasi 2007 “Kriisipsykologi julkisuuden portinvartijana” [“Crisis Psychologist as a Publicity Gatekeeper”] , in : Marko Hamilo Älkää säätäkö päätänne—häiriö on todellisuudessa: suomalaisen psykokulttuurin kritiikki , Helsinki : Ajatus , pp. 139 – 53 .
  • Jääsaari , Johanna 2009 “Restoring Consensus After the Blame Game: the reception of Finnish tsunami crisis management coverage” , in : Ullamaija Kivikuru and Lars Nord After the Tsunami: crisis communication in Finland and Sweden , Gothenburg : Nordicom , pp. 57 – 81 .
  • Juntunen , Laura 2010 “Explaining the Need for Speed: speed and competition as challenges to journalism ethics” , in : Stephen Cushion and Justin Lewis Has 24 Hour News Changed the World: the global impact of rolling news , New York : Peter Lang , pp. 167 – 81 .
  • Jyrkiäinen , Jyrki 2008 Journalistit muuttuvassa mediassa [Journalists in the Changing Media] , Tampere : Department of Journalism and Mass Communication, University of Tampere .
  • Kay , Linda , Reilly , Rosemary C. , Connolly , Kate and Cohen , Stephen 2010 Help or Harm? Symbolic violence, secondary trauma and the impact of press coverage on a community , Journalism Practice 4 4 , pp. 421 – 38 .
  • Kellner , Douglas 2007 “Media Spectacle and the ‘Massacre at Virginia Tech’” , Fast Capitalism , 3.1, http://fastcapitalism.com/, accessed 31 May 2010 .
  • Kiilakoski , Tomi 2009 Viiltoja: analyysi kouluväkivallasta Jokelassa [Cuts: an analysis of school violence in Jokela] , Helsinki : Finnish Youth Research Network , http://www.nuorisotutkimusseura.fi/julkaisuja/viiltoja.pdf, accessed 13 September 2010 .
  • Koljonen , Kari and Kunelius , Risto 2005 On vain yhteinen suru: onnettomuusjournalismin muutossuuntia Kuurilasta Konginkankaalle 1957–2004” [“Only One Sorrow: changes in crisis journalism from Kuurila to Konginkangas between 1957 and 2004 ], Tiedotustutkimus 28 1 , pp. 34 – 59 .
  • Konttinen , Esa 1997 “Professionaalinen asiantuntijatyö ja sen haasteet myöhäismodernissa” [“Professional Expert Work and Its Challenges in Late-modernity”] , in : Juhani Kirjonen , Pirkko Remes and Anneli Eteläpelto Muuttuva asiantuntijuus , Jyväskylä : Finnish Institute for Educational Research, University of Jyväskylä , pp. 48 – 61 .
  • Kuhn , Thomas S. 1970 The Structure of Scientific Revolutions , 2nd edn , Chicago : University of Chicago Press .
  • Kunelius , Risto and Ruusunoksa , Laura 2008 Mapping Professional Imagination: on the potential of professional culture in the newspapers of the future , Journalism Studies 9 5 , pp. 662 – 78 .
  • Larkin , Ralph W. 2009 The Columbine Legacy: rampage shootings as political acts , American Behavioral Scientists 52 9 , pp. 1309 – 26 .
  • Lundälv , Jörgen 1999 Det talande offret: journalistik vid olyckor och katastrofer [The Attractive Victim: journalism in accidents and disasters] , Gävle : Meyer .
  • Mclellan , Trina 1999 Fair Game or Fair Go? Impact of news reporting on victims and survivors of traumatic events , Asia Pacific Media Educator 1 7 , pp. 53 – 72 .
  • Merrill , John C. 1997 Journalism Ethics: philosophical foundations for news media , New York : Saint Martin's Press .
  • Mezirow , Jack 1990 “How Critical Reflection Triggers Transformative Learning” , in : Jack Mezirow Fostering Critical Reflection in Adulthood: a guide to transformative and emancipatory learning , San Francisco : Jossey-Bass Publishers , pp. 1 – 20 .
  • Miller , Jody and Glassner , Barry 1997 “The ‘Inside’ and the ‘Outside’: finding realities in interviews” , in : David Silverman Qualitative Research: theory, method and practice , London : Sage , pp. 99 – 112 .
  • Nerone , John and Barnhurst , Kevin 2003 US Newspaper Types, the Newsroom, and the Division of Labor, 1750–2000 , Journalism Studies 4 4 , pp. 435 – 49 .
  • Niblock , Sarah 2007 From ‘Knowing How’ to ‘Being Able’: negotiating the meanings of reflective practice and reflexive research , Journalism Practice 1 1 , pp. 20 – 32 .
  • Nord , Lars and Strömbäck , Jesper 2009 “When a Natural Disaster Becomes a Political Crisis: a study of the 2004 tsunami and Swedish political communication” , in : Ullamaija Kivikuru and Lars Nord After the Tsunami: crisis communication in Finland and Sweden , Gothenburg : Nordicom , pp. 17 – 40 .
  • Pantti , Mervi and Sumiala , Johanna 2009 Till Death Do Us Join: media, mourning rituals and the sacred centre of the society , Media, Culture and Society 31 1 , pp. 119 – 35 .
  • Pantti , Mervi and Wahl-jorgensen , Karin 2007 “On the Political Possibilities of Therapy News: media responsibility and the limits of objectivity in disaster coverage” , Estudos em Comunicação/Communication Studies , http://www.ec.ubi.pt/ec/01/textos_site/pantti-jorgensen-political-possibilities.html, accessed 28 December 2010 .
  • Raittila , Pentti and Koljonen , Kari 2009 Kriisijournalismia ennen ja nyt” [“Crisis Journalism Past and Present] , Media & Viestintä 32 2 , pp. 48 – 66 .
  • Raittila , Pentti , Johansson , Katja , Juntunen , Laura , Kangasluoma , Laura , Koljonen , Kari , Kumpu , Ville , Pernu , Ilkka and Väliverronen , Jari 2008 Jokelan koulusurmat mediassa [Jokela School Shootings in the Media] , Tampere : Department of Journalism and Mass Communication, University of Tampere .
  • Raittila , Pentti , Haara , Paula , Kangasluoma , Laura , Koljonen , Kari , Kumpu , Ville and Väliverronen , Jari 2009 Kauhajoen koulusurmat mediassa[Kauhajoki School Shootings in the Media] , Tampere : Department of Journalism and Mass Communication, University of Tampere .
  • Raittila , Pentti , Koljonen , Kari and Väliverronen , Jari 2010 Journalism and School Shootings in Finland 2007–2008 , Tampere : Tampere University Press , http://tampub.uta.fi/tup/978-951-44-8257-1.pdf, accessed 5 May 2011.
  • Reese , Stephen D. 1990 The News Paradigm and the Ideology of Objectivity: a socialist at the Wall Street Journal , Critical Studies in Mass Communication 7 4 , pp. 390 – 409 .
  • Saari , Salli 2005 A Bolt from the Blue: coping with disasters and acute traumas , Philadelphia : Jessica Kingsley Publishers .
  • Schön , Donald A. 1983 The Reflective Practioner: how professionals think in action , New York : Basic Books .
  • Sheridan Burns , Lynette 2002 Understanding Journalism , London : Sage .
  • Simpson , Roger and Coté , William E. 2006 Covering Violence: a guide to ethical reporting about victims and trauma , 2nd edn , New York : Columbia University Press .
  • Suomalainen , Laura , Haravuori , Henna , Berg , Noora , Kiviruusu , Olli and Marttunen , Mauri 2009 Jokelan koulukeskuksen ampumissurmille altistuneiden oppilaiden selviytyminen, tuki ja hoito: kahden vuoden prospektiivisen seurantatutkimuksen väliraportti [Students Exposed to a School Shooting at Jokela High School—recovering and received support and care: an interim report of a controlled two year follow-up study] , Helsinki : National Institute for Health and Welfare , http://www.thl.fi/thl-client/pdfs/cd9a8a77-c606-4d33-afc1-19de3206e334, accessed 21 September 2010 .
  • Taylor , Tony 2003 Bringing ‘Complex Terrorism’ and ‘Corporate Malfeasance’ into a Classification Schema for Disasters , Australian Journal of Emergency Management (ASEM) 18 1 , pp. 27 – 34 .
  • Väliverronen , Esa 2009 “Journalismi kriisissä?” [“Journalism in Crisis?”] , in : Esa Väliverronen Journalismi murroksessa , Helsinki : Gaudeamus , pp. 13 – 31 .
  • Zelizer , Barbie 2004 Taking Journalism Seriously: news and the academy , Thousand Oaks, CA : Sage .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.