825
Views
8
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
ARTICLES

“I Did What I Do” Versus “I Cover Football”

Boundary work, in-house media and athlete protest

REFERENCES

  • Abbott, Andrew. 1988. The System of Professions: An Essay on the Division of Expert Labor. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
  • Agyemang, Kwame, John N. Singer, and Joshua DeLorme. 2010. “An Exploratory Study of Black Male College Athletes’ Perceptions on Race and Athlete Activism.” International Review for the Sociology of Sport 45: 419–435. doi:10.1177/1012690210374691.
  • Bellamy, Robert V. 2012. “Reflections on Communication and Sport: On Institutions and Strategies.” Communication and Sport 1 (1–2): 43–54. doi:10.1177/2167479512468870.
  • Betts, John Rickards. 1953. “Sporting Journalism in Nineteenth-Century America.” American Quarterly 5 (1): 39–56. doi: 10.2307/3031289
  • Bishop, Ronald. 2009. “It Hurts the Team Even More: Differences in Coverage by Sports Journalists of White and African-American Athletes Who Engage in Contract Holdouts.” Journal of Sports Media 4 (1): 55–84. doi: 10.1353/jsm.0.0029
  • Bolen, Erin. 2012. “Rich Hammond And The Evolving Role Of Official Team Website Reporter.” Defending Big D. http://www.defendingbigd.com/2012/10/16/3509784/rich-hammond-los-angeles-kings-official-team-website-nhl-lockout-resigned.
  • Burroughs, Benjamin, and Travis Vogan. 2015. “Media Industries and Sport Scandals: Deadspin, Sports Illustrated, ESPN, and the Manti Te’o Hoax.” International Journal of Sport Communication 8 (1): 87–102. doi:10.1123/IJSC.2014-0060.
  • Carlson, Matt. 2015. “The Many Boundaries of Journalism.” In Boundaries of Journalism, edited by Matt Carlson and Seth C. Lewis, 1–18. Abingdon: Oxford University Press.
  • Carlson, Matt. 2016. “Metajournalistic Discourse and the Meanings of Journalism: Definitional Control, Boundary Work, and Legitimation.” Communication Theory 26 (4): 349–368. doi:10.1111/comt.12088.
  • Culver, Kathleen Bartzen, and Michael Mirer. 2015. “Constrained Independence: Digital Brand Content in Sports through the Lens of Journalism Ethics.” In Ethics for a Digital Age, edited by Bastiaan Vanacker and Don Heider, 19–40. New York: Peter Lang.
  • Cunningham, G. B., and M. R. Regan. 2012. “Political Activism, Racial Identity and the Commercial Endorsement of Athletes.” International Review for the Sociology of Sport 47 (6): 657–669. doi:10.1177/1012690211416358.
  • Edwards, Harry. 1969. The Revolt of the Black Athlete. New York: Free Press.
  • Evensen, B. J. 1993. “Jazz Age Journalism’s Battle over Professionalism, Circulation, and the Sports Page.” Journal of Sport History 20 (3): 229–246. http://library.la84.org/SportsLibrary/JSH/JSH1993/JSH2003/jsh2003b.pdf.
  • Ferrise, Adam. 2014. “Cleveland Browns Receiver Andrew Hawkins Delivers Emotional Response to Cleveland Police Union’s Reaction to ‘Justice for Tamir Rice’ Shirt.” Cleveland.com, December 15. http://www.cleveland.com/metro/index.ssf/2014/12/hawkins_delivers_emotional_res.html.
  • Foss, Sonja K. 2004. “Ideological Criticism.” In Rhetorical Criticism: Exploration and Practice, 4th ed., edited by Sonja K. Foss, 209–266. Long Grove, IL: Waveland Press.
  • Frey, James H., and D. Stanley Eitzen. 1991. “Sport and Society.” Annual Review of Sociology 17 (1991): 503–522. http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/2083352. doi: 10.1146/annurev.so.17.080191.002443
  • Friedland, L., D. V. Shah, N.-J. Lee, M. a. Rademacher, L. Atkinson, and T. Hove. 2007. “Capital, Consumption, Communication, and Citizenship: The Social Positioning of Taste and Civic Culture in the United States.” The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 611 (1): 31–50. doi:10.1177/0002716206298694.
  • Fry, Jason. 2011. “Rules of the Game Change as Sports Journalists Compete against Teams They Cover | Poynter.” Poynter.org. http://www.poynter.org/latest-news/top-stories/146069/rules-of-the-game-change-as-sports-journalists-compete-against-teams-they-cover/.
  • Gieryn, Thomas F. 1983. “Boundary-Work and the Demarcation of Science from Non-Science: Strains and Interests in Professional Ideologies of Scientists.” American Sociological Review 48 (6): 781–795. http://www.jstor.org/stable/2095325. doi: 10.2307/2095325
  • Gieryn, Thomas F. 1999. Cultural Boundaries of Science. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
  • Gillmor, Dan. 2006. We the Media: Grassroots Journalism by the People, for the People. Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly.
  • Graef, Jon. 2014. “Derrick Rose Wears ‘I Can’t Breathe’ Shirt in Solidarity with Police Violence Protestors during Bulls Warm-Up.” Chicagoist, December 7. http://chicagoist.com/2014/12/07/derrick_rose_wears_i_cant_breathe_s.php.
  • Hammond, Rich. 2009. “Hammond Says Goodbye to LA Daily News.” LAkings.com. http://kings.nhl.com/club/news.htm?id=499527.
  • Hardin, Marie. 2005. “Survey Finds Boosterism, Freebies Remain Problem for Newspaper Sports Departments.” Newspaper Research Journal 26 (1): 66–72. doi: 10.1177/073953290502600108
  • Hartmann, Douglas. 2007. “Rush Limbaugh, Donovan McNabb, And ‘a Little Social Concern’: Reflections on the Problems of Whiteness in Contemporary American Sport.” Journal of Sport and Social Issues 31 (1): 45–60. doi:10.1177/0193723506296831.
  • Holtzman, Jerome. 1973. No Cheering in the Press Box. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.
  • Horne, John. 2006. Sport in Consumer Culture. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Jenkins, Chris. 2000. “League’s Web Site Links Teams Internet to Be Just like TV.” USA Today, August 9.
  • Kahn, Roger. 2004. Memories of Summer: When Baseball Was an Art, and Writing about It a Game. Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press.
  • Kaniss, Phyllis. 1991. Making Local News. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
  • Kaufman, Peter. 2008. “Boos, Bans, and Other Backlash: The Consequences of Being an Activist Athlete.” Humanity and Society 32 (3). doi:10.1177/016059760803200302.
  • Kaufman, Peter, and Eli A. Wolff. 2010. “Playing and Protesting: Sport as a Vehicle for Social Change.” Journal of Sport and Social Issues 34 (2): 154–175. doi:10.1177/0193723509360218.
  • Kian, Edward M, and Ray Murray. 2014. “Curmudgeons but yet Adapters: Impact of Web 2.0 and Twitter on Newspaper Sports Journalists’ Jobs, Responsibilities, and Routines.” International Symposium on Online Journalism 4 (1): 61–77.
  • Knoppers, Annelies, and Agnes Elling. 2004. “‘We Do Not Engage in Promotional Journalism’: Discursive Strategies Used by Sport Journalists to Describe the Selection Process.” International Review for the Sociology of Sport 39 (1): 57–73. doi:10.1177/1012690204040523.
  • Korr, Charles P. 2002. The End of Baseball as We Knew It: The Players Union, 1960-81. Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press.
  • Lewis, Seth C. 2012. “The Tension between Professional Control and Open Participation: Journalism and Its Boundaries.” Information, Communication and Society 15 (6): 836–866. doi: 10.1080/1369118X.2012.674150
  • Lindlof, Thomas R., and Bryan C. Taylor. 2011. “Producing Data II: Qualitative Interviewing.” In Qualitative Communication Research Methods, 3rd ed., edited by Thomas R. Lindlof and Bryan C. Taylor, 170–216. Thousand Oaks: Sage.
  • Lipsyte, Robert. 1975. SportsWorld. New York: Quadrangle.
  • McCracken, Grant. 1988. The Long Interview. Newbury Park: Sage.
  • McLeod, Doug M., and Jack K. Hertog. 1999. “Social Control and the Mass Media’s Role in the Regulation of Protest Groups: The Communicative Acts Perspective.” In Mass Media, Social Control and Social Change, edited by K. Demers and D. Viswanath, 305–330. Ames, Iowa: Iowa State University Press.
  • Mirer, Michael. 2016. “Stealing Signs: In-house Sports Reporters and Journalistic Boundary Work.” PhD diss., University of Wisconsin-Madison.
  • Moore, Joseph H., and Anne Carlson. 2013. “Reaching the Audience: New Communication Technology Practices in College Sports Public Relations.” Journal Of Global Scholars Of Marketing Science 23 (1): 109–123. doi: 10.1080/21639159.2012.744515
  • Oates, Thomas P., and John Pauly. 2007. “Sports Journalism as Moral and Ethical Discourse.” Journal of Mass Media Ethics 22 (4): 332–347. doi:10.1080/08900520701583628.
  • Pells, Eddie, and Paul Newberry. 2009. “For Tweet’s Sake: Sports World Adjusts to New Media.” The Associated Press, October 3.
  • Peterson, Jason. 2009. “A ‘Race’ for Equality: Print Media Coverage of the 1968 Olympic Protest by Tommie Smith and John Carlos.” American Journalism 26 (2): 99–121.
  • Reed, Sada. 2011. “Sports Journalists’ Use of Social Media and Its Effects on Professionalism.” Journal of Sports Media 6 (2): 43–64. http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/journal_of_sports_media/v006/6.2.reed.html. doi: 10.1353/jsm.2011.0007
  • Robinson, Sue. 2011. “‘Journalism as Process’: The Organizational Implications of Participatory Online News.” Journalism and Communication Monographs 13 (3): 138–210. doi: 10.1177/152263791101300302
  • Rosenstiel, Tom, Amy Mitchell, Dante Chinni, and David Vaina. 2005. “Box Scores and Bylines: A Snapshot of the Newspaper Sports Page.” http://www.journalism.org/node/50.
  • Rowe, David. 2007. “Sports Journalism: Still the ‘Toy Department’ of the News Media?” Journalism 8 (4): 385–405. doi:10.1177/1464884907078657.
  • Schiff, Andrew J. 2008. The Father of Baseball: A Biography of Henry Chadwick. Jefferson, NC: McFarland and Company.
  • Schmittel, Annelie, and Jimmy Sanderson. 2015. “Talking about Trayvon in 140 Characters: Exploring NFL Players’ Tweets about the George Zimmerman Verdict.” Journal of Sport and Social Issues 39 (4): 332–345. doi:10.1177/0193723514557821.
  • Schudson, Michael. 1978. Discovering the News: A Social History of American Newspapers. New York: Basic Books.
  • Schudson, Michael. 2001. “The Objectivity Norm in American Journalism.” Journalism 2 (2): 149–170. doi:10.1177/146488490100200201.
  • Seidel, Jeff. 2014. “Seidel: Reggie Bush Says a Lot with ‘I Can’t Breathe’.” Detroit Free Press, December 8. http://www.freep.com/story/sports/columnists/jeff-seidel/2014/12/08/seidel-reggie-bush-makes-statement-breath-shirt/20078225/.
  • Singer, Jane B. 2003. “Who Are These Guys?: The Online Challenge to the Notion of Journalistic Professionalism.” Journalism 4 (2): 139–163. doi:10.1177/146488490342001.
  • Stake, Robert E. 1998. “Case Studies.” In Strategies of Qualitative Inquiry, edited by Norman K. Denzin and Yvonna S. Lincoln, 86–109. Thousand Oaks: Sage.
  • Strenk, Andrew. 1979. “What Price Victory? The World of International Sports and Politics.” The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 445: 128–140. doi:10.1177/000271627944500114.
  • Turow, Joseph. 1994. “Hidden Conflicts and Journalistic Norms: The Case of Self-Coverage.” Journal of Communication 44 (2): 29–46. doi:10.1111/j.1460-2466.1994.tb00675.x.
  • Voigt, David Quentin. 1966. American Baseball: From Gentleman’s Sport to the Commissoner System. Norman, Oklahoma: University of Oklahoma Press.
  • Wagoner, Nick. 2014. “The Five St. Louis Rams Players Who Saluted Slain Teenager Michael Brown before Sunday’s Game Will Not Be Fined.” ESPN.com, December 1. http://espn.go.com/blog/st-louis-rams/post/_/id/14238/jeff-fisher-chooses-to-stick-to-football.
  • Walker, Stanley. 1934. City Editor. Baltimore: JHU Press.
  • Wiik, Jenny. 2015. “Internal Boundaries: The Stratification of the Journalistic Collective.” In Boundaries of Journalism: Professionalism, Practices and Participation, edited by Matt Carlson and Seth C. Lewis, 119–133. New York: Routledge.
  • Woodward, Stanley. 1949. Sports Page. New York: Simon and Schuster.
  • Wulfemeyer, K. Tim. 1985. “Ethics in Sports Journalism: Tightening up the Code.” Journal of Mass Media Ethics 1 (1): 57–67. doi:10.1080/08900528509358256.
  • Yanity, Molly. 2013. “Publishing for Paydirt: A Case Study of an Athletic Department Writer.” International Journal of Sport Communication 6 (4): 478–489. doi: 10.1123/ijsc.6.4.478

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.