Journalism Civic Self-Efficacy: Predicting Political Participation Among Secondary-School Journalism Students

References

• Amster, Sara-Ellen. 2006. Seeds of Cynicism: The Undermining of Journalistic Education. New York: University Press of America.
   Google Scholar
• Andolina, Molly W., Krista Jenkins, Cliff Zukin, and Scott Keeter. 2003. “Habits from Home, Lessons from School: Influences on Youth Civic Engagement.” PS: Political Science & Politics 36 (2): 275–280. doi:10.1017/s104909650300221x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Balch, George I. 1974. “Multiple Indicators in Survey Research: The Concept ‘Sense of Political Efficacy.” Political Methodology 1 (2): 1–43. Stable URL: https://www.jstor.org/stable/25791375.
   Google Scholar
• Bandura, Albert. 1982. “Self-Efficacy Mechanism in Human Agency.” American Psychologist 37 (2): 122–147. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.37.2.122.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bandura, Albert. 1991. “Social Cognitive Theory of Self-Regulation.” Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 50 (2): 248–287. doi:10.1016/0749-5978(91)90022-L.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bandura, Albert. 1997. Self-Efficacy: The Exercise of Control. New York: W. H. Freeman.
   Google Scholar
• Bandura, Albert. 2006. “Guide for Creating Self-Efficacy Scales.” In Self-Efficacy Beliefs of Adolescents, edited by Frank Pajares, and Timothy C. Urdan, 307–338. Greenwich, CT: Information Age.
   Google Scholar
• Bobkowski, Piotr S., and Genelle I. Belmas. 2017. “Mixed Message Media: Girls’ Voices and Civic Engagement in Student Journalism.” Girlhood Studies 10 (1): 89–106. doi:10.3167/ghs.2017.100107.
   Google Scholar
• Bobkowski, Piotr S., Sara B. Cavanah, and Patrick R. Miller. 2017. “Who Are the ‘Journalism Kids’? Academic Predictors of Journalism Participation in Secondary Schools.” Journalism & Mass Communication Educator 72 (1): 68–82. doi:10.1177/1077695815622770.
   Google Scholar
• Bobkowski, Piotr S., Mark Goodman, and Candace Perkins Bowen. 2012. “Student Media in U.S. Secondary Schools: Associations with School Demographic Characteristics.” Journalism & Mass Communication Educator 67 (3): 252–266. doi:10.1177/1077695812444699.
   Google Scholar
• Bobkowski, Piotr S., and Patrick R. Miller. 2016. “Civic Implications of Secondary School Journalism: Associations with Voting Propensity and Community Volunteering.” Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly 93 (3): 530–550. doi:10.1177/1077699016628821.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boulianne, Shelley, and Yannis Theocharis. 2018. “Young People, Digital Media, and Engagement: A Meta-Analysis of Research.” Social Science Computer Review 38 (2): 111–127. doi:10.1177/0894439318814190.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brookhover, Wilbur, Charles Beady, Patricia Flood, John Schweitzer, and Joe Wisenbaker. 1979. School Social Systems and Student Achievement: Schools Can Make a Difference. Brooklyn, NY: Praeger.
   Google Scholar
• Bruch, Sarah K., and Joe Soss. 2018. “Schooling as a Formative Political Experience: Authority Relations and the Education of Citizens.” Perspectives on Politics 16 (1): 36–57. doi:10.1017/S1537592717002195.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Campbell, David E. 2006. Why We Vote: How Schools and Communities Shape Our Civic Life. New York: Princeton.
   Google Scholar
• Campbell, Angus, Gerald Gurin, and Warren E. Miller. 1954. The Voter Decides. Evanston, IL: Row, Peterson. and Co.
   Google Scholar
• Clark, Lynn Schofield, and Regina Marchi. 2017. Young People and the Future of News. New York: Cambridge.
   Google Scholar
• Clark, Lynn Schofield, and Rachel Monserrate. 2011. “High School Journalism and the Making of Young Citizens.” Journalism: Theory, Practice & Criticism 12 (4): 417–432. doi:10.1093/pa/gsl004.
   Google Scholar
• Cybart-Persenaire, Alena, and Ioana Literat. 2018. “Writing Stories, Rewriting Identities: Using Journalism Education and Mobile Technologies to Empower Marginalized High School Students.” Learning, Media and Technology 43 (2): 181–196. doi:10.1080/17439884.2018.1458736.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deuze, Mark. 2005. “What Is Journalism? Professional Identity and Ideology of Journalists Reconsidered.” Journalism: Theory, Practice & Criticism 6 (4): 442–464. doi:10.1177/1464884905056815.
   Google Scholar
• Dickson, Thomas V. 1994. “Self-Censorship and Freedom of the Public High School Press.” Journalism Educator 49 (3): 56–63. doi:10.1177/107769589404900308.
   Google Scholar
• Donsbach, Wolfgang. 2010. “Journalists and Their Professional Identities.” In The Routledge Companion to News and Journalism, edited by Stuart Allen, 38–48. New York: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Dworznik, Gretchen, and Adrienne Garvey. 2019. “Are We Teaching Trauma? A Survey of Accredited Journalism Schools in the United States.” Journalism Practice 13 (3): 367–382. doi:10.1080/17512786.2018.1423630.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ekström, Mats, Tobias Olsson, and Adam Shehata. 2014. “Spaces for Public Orientation? Longitudinal Effects of Internet Use in Adolescence.” Information, Communication & Society 17 (2): 168–183. doi:10.1080/1369118X.2013.862288.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ekström, Mats, and Johan Östman. 2015. “Information, Interaction, and Creative Production: The Effects of Three Forms of Internet Use on Youth Democratic Engagement.” Communication Research 42 (6): 796–818. doi:10.1177/0093650213476295.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Engberg, Mark E., and Gregory C. Wolniak. 2010. “Examining the Effects of High School Contexts on Postsecondary Enrollment.” Research in Higher Education 51 (2): 132–153. doi:10.1007/s11162-009-9150-y.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Erentaitė, Rasa, Rita Žukauskienė, Wim Beyers, and Rasa Pilkauskaitė-Valickienė. 2012. “Is News Media Related to Civic Engagement? The Effects of Interest In and Discussions About the News Media on Current and Future Civic Engagement of Adolescents.” Journal of Adolescence 35 (3): 587–597. doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2011.12.008.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Falkowski, Melissa, and Eric Garner. 2018. We Say #NeverAgain: Reporting by the Parkland Student Journalists. New York: Penguin Random House.
   Google Scholar
• Ferrucci, Patrick. 2018. “‘We’ve Lost the Basics’: Perceptions of Education from Veterans in the Field.” Journalism & Mass Communication Educator 73 (10): 410–420. doi:10.1177/1077695817731870.
   Google Scholar
• Flanagan, Constance A., Patricio Cumsille, Sukhdeep Gill, and Leslie S. Gallay. 2007a. “School and Community Climates and Civic Commitments: Patterns for Ethnic Minority and Majority Students.” Journal of Educational Psychology 99 (2): 421–431. doi:10.1037/0022-0663.99.2.421.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Flanagan, Constance A., Amy K. Syvertsen, and Michael D. Stout. 2007b. “Civic Measurement Models: Tapping Adolescents’ Civic Engagement.” CIRCLE Working Paper 55. Medford, MA: The Center for Information & Research on Civic Learning & Engagement. Accessed Dec. 20 2020. https://circle.tufts.edu/sites/default/files/2019-12/WP55_CivicMeasurementModelsTappingAdolescents_2007.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Gibson, Cynthia, and Peter Levine. 2003. The Civic Mission of Schools. New York: Carnegie Corporation and CIRCLE: The Center for Information and Research on Civic Learning and Engagement.
   Google Scholar
• Gillmor, Dan. 2016. “Towards a New Model for Journalism Education.” Journalism Practice 10 (7): 815–819. doi:10.1080/17512786.2016.1164998.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goodenow, Carol. 1993. “Classroom Belonging Among Early Adolescent Students: Relationships to Motivation and Achievement.” The Journal of Early Adolescence 13 (1): 21–43. doi:10.1177/0272431693013001002.
   Google Scholar
• Gotlieb, Melissa R., Kyurim Kyoung, Itay Gabay, Karyn Riddle, and Dhavan V. Shah. 2015. “Socialization of Lifestyle and Conventional Politics Among Early and Late Adolescents.” Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology 41: 60–70. doi:10.1016/j.appdev.2015.06.004.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Graybeal, Geoffrey, and Amy Sindik. 2012. “Journalism Students and Civic Engagement: Is There Still a Connection?” Community Journalism 1 (1): 29–46. http://journal.community-journalism.com/journalism-students-and-civic-engagement-is-there-still-a-connection/.
   Google Scholar
• Hayes, Andrew F. 2017. Introduction to Mediation, Moderation, and Conditional Process Analysis: A Regression-Based Approach. 2nd ed. New York: Guilford Press.
   Google Scholar
• Heravi, Bahareh R. 2018. “3Ws of Data Journalism Education: What, Where and Who?” Journalism Practice 13 (3): 349–366. doi:10.1080/17512786.2018.1463167.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hess, Diana E. 2009. Controversy in the Classroom: The Democratic Power of Discussion. New York: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Hess, Diana E., and Paula McAvoy. 2014. The Political Classroom: Evidence and Ethics in Democratic Education. New York: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Journalism Education Association. 2020. “JEA Curriculum Initiative: About the Curriculum Initiative.” Journalism Education Association. Accessed Dec. 20 2020. https://curriculum.jea.org/wp/about-the-curriculum-initiative/.
   Google Scholar
• Kahne, Joseph, and Benjamin Bowyer. 2018. “The Political Significance of Social Media Activity and Social Networks.” Political Communication 35 (3): 470–493. doi:10.1080/10584609.2018.1426662.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kahne, Joseph, Nam-Jin Lee, and Jessica T. Feezell. 2012. “Digital Media Literacy Education and Online Civic and Political Participation.” International Journal of Communication 6: 1–24. https://ijoc.org/index.php/ijoc/article/view/999.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kahne, Joseph, and Ellen Middaugh. 2009. “Democracy for Some: The Civic Opportunity Gap in High School.” In Engaging Young People in Civic Life, edited by James Youniss, and Peter Levine, 29–58. Nashville, TN: Vanderbilt.
   Google Scholar
• Kartveit, Kate. 2020. “How Do They Do It? Multimedia Journalism and Perceptions of the Practice.” Journalism 21 (10): 1468–1485. doi:10.1177/1464884917726420.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keating, Avril, and Gabriella Melis. 2017. “Social Media and Youth Political Engagement: Preaching to the Converted or Providing a New Voice for Youth?” British Journal of Politics and International Relations 19 (4): 877–894. doi:10.1177/1369148117718461.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim, Yunhwan, and Håkan Stattin. 2019. “Parent-Youth Discussions About Politics from Age 13 to 28.” Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology 62: 249–259. doi:10.1016/j.appdev.2019.04.001.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kopenhaver, Lillian Lodge, and J. William Click. 2001. “High School Newspapers Still Censored Thirty Years After Tinker.” Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly 78 (2): 321–339. doi:10.1177/107769900107800208.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee, Nam-Jin, Dhavan V. Shah, and Jack M. McLeod. 2013. “Processes of Political Socialization: A Communication Mediation Approach to Youth Civic Engagement.” Communication Research 40 (5): 669–697.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lewis, Seth C. 2012. “From Journalism to Information: The Transformation of the Knight Foundation and News Innovation.” Mass Communication and Society 15 (3): 309–334. doi:10.1080/15205436.2011.611607.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lo, Jane C. 2015. “Developing Participation Through Simulations: A Multi-Level Analysis of Situational Interest on Students’ Commitment to Vote.” The Journal of Social Studies Research 39 (4): 243–254. doi:10.1016/j.jssr.2015.06.008.
   Google Scholar
• LoMonte, Frank D. 2013. “Hazelwood at 25” [In Print: “A Muzzled Generation”]. Education Week 32 (20): 31. https://www.edweek.org/policy-politics/opinion-hazelwood-at-25/2013/02.
   Google Scholar
• Lucas, Samuel R. 2014. “An Inconvenient Dataset: Bias and Inappropriate Inference with the Multilevel Model.” Quality & Quantity 48 (3): 1619–1649. doi:10.1007/s11135-013-9865-x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marchi, Regina. 2012. “From Disillusion to Engagement: Minority Teen Journalists and the News Media.” Journalism: Theory, Practice & Criticism 13 (6): 750–765. doi:10.1177/1464884911431379.
   Google Scholar
• McLaughlin, Bryan, Melissa R. Gotlieb, and R. Glenn Cummins. 2020. “2018 Survey of Journalism & Mass Communication Enrollments.” Journalism & Mass Communication Educator 75 (1): 131–143. doi:10.1177/1077695819900724.
   Google Scholar
• McLeod, Jack M., Dhavan V. Shah, Diana E. Hess, and Nam-Jin Lee. 2010. “Communication and Education: Creating Competence for Socialization into Public Life.” In Handbook of Research on Civic Engagement in Youth, edited by Lonnie R. Sherrod, Judith Torney-Purta, and Constance A. Flanagan, 363–391. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. doi:10.1002/9780470767603.ch14.
   Google Scholar
• Mele, Christopher. 2017. “High School Journalists Land a Scoop, and the Principal Resigns.” The New York Times, Dec. 22. https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/05/us/high-school-journalists-principal-quits.html.
   Google Scholar
• Mihailidis, Paul. 2018. “Civic Media Literacies: Re-Imagining Engagement for Civic Intentionality.” Learning, Media and Technology 43 (2): 152–164. doi:10.1080/17439884.2018.1428623.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mihailidis, Paul, and Benjamin Thevenin. 2013. “Media Literacy as a Core Competency for Engaged Citizenship in Participatory Democracy.” American Behavioral Scientist 57 (11): 1611–1622. doi:10.1177/0002764213489015.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moeller, Judith, Adam Shehata, and Sanne Kruikemeier. 2018. “Internet Use and Political Interest: Growth Curves, Reinforcing Spirals, and Causal Effects During Adolescence.” Journal of Communication 68 (6): 1052–1078. doi:10.1093/joc/jqy062.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morrell, Michael E. 2005. “Deliberation, Democratic Decision-Making and Internal Political Efficacy.” Political Behavior 27 (1): 49–69. doi:10.1007/s11109-005-3076-7.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moscowitz, Leigh, and Micah Blaise Carpenter. 2014. “Girl Zines at Work: Feminist Media Literacy Education with Underserved Girls.” Girlhood Studies 7 (2): 25–43. doi:10.3167/ghs.2014.070203.
   Google Scholar
• National Center for Education Statistics. 2019. “Search for Public Schools.” National Center for Education Statistics. https://nces.ed.gov/ccd/schoolsearch/.
   Google Scholar
• Pasek, Josh, Lauren Feldman, Daniel Romer, and Kathleen Hall Jamieson. 2008. “Schools as Incubators of Democratic Participation: Building Long-Term Political Efficacy with Civic Education.” Applied Developmental Science 12 (1): 26–37. doi:10.1080/10888690801910526.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perreault, Gregory P., and Patrick Ferrucci. 2020. “What Is Digital Journalism? Defining the Practice and Role of the Digital Journalist.” Digital Journalism 8 (10): 1298–1316. doi:10.1080/21670811.2020.1848442.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prior, Markus. 2010. “You’ve Either Got It or You Don’t? The Stability of Political Interest Over the Life Cycle.” The Journal of Politics 72 (3): 747–766. doi:10.1017/s0022381610000149.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roeser, Robert W., Carol Midgley, and Timothy C. Urdan. 1996. “Perceptions of the School Psychological Environment and Early Adolescents’ Psychological and Behavioral Functioning in School: The Mediating Role of Goals and Belonging.” Journal of Educational Psychology 88 (3): 408–422. doi:10.1037/0022-0663.88.3.408.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shah, Dhavan V., Jack M. McLeod, and Nam-Jin Lee. 2009. “Communication Competence as a Foundation for Civic Competence: Processes of Socialization Into Citizenship.” Political Communication 26 (1): 102–117. doi:10.1080/10584600802710384.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shah, Dhavan V., Kjerstin Thorson, Chris Wells, Nam-Jin Lee, and Jack McLeod. 2017. “Civic Norms and Communication Competence: Pathways to Socialization and Citizenship.” In The Oxford Handbook of Political Communication, edited by Kate Kenski, and Kathleen Hall Jamieson, 467–481. New York: Oxford.
   Google Scholar
• Shehata, Adam, and Erik Amnå. 2019. “The Development of Political Interest Among Adolescents: A Communication Mediation Approach Using Five Waves of Panel Data.” Communication Research 46 (8): 1055–1077. doi:10.1177/0093650217714360.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smirnov, Natalia, Gulnaz Saiyed, Matthew W. Easterday, and Wan Shun Eva Lam. 2018. “Journalism as a Model for Civic and Information Literacies.” Cognition and Instruction 36 (1): 1–29. doi:10.1080/07370008.2017.1392964.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thorson, Kjerstin, Yu Xu, and Stephanie Edgerly. 2018. “Political Inequalities Start at Home: Parents, Children, and the Socialization of Civic Infrastructure Online.” Political Communication 35 (2): 178–195. doi:10.1080/10584609.2017.1333550.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Velasquez, Alcides, and Robert LaRose. 2015a. “Social Media for Social Change: Social Media Political Efficacy and Activism in Student Activist Groups.” Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media 59 (3): 456–474. doi:10.1080/08838151.2015.1054998.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Velasquez, Alcides, and Robert LaRose. 2015b. “Youth Collective Activism Through Social Media: The Role of Collective Efficacy.” New Media & Society 17 (6): 899–918. doi:10.1177/1461444813518391.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wentzel, Kathryn R. 1997. “Student Motivation in Middle School: The Role of Perceived Pedagogical Caring.” Journal of Educational Psychology 89 (3): 411–419. doi:10.1037/0022-0663.89.3.411.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wicks, Robert H., Jan LeBlanc Wicks, Shauna A. Morimoto, Angie Maxwell, and Stephanie Ricker Schulte. 2013. “Correlates of Political and Civic Engagement Among Youth During the 2012 Presidential Campaign.” American Behavioral Scientist 58 (5): 622–644. doi:10.1177/0002764213515226.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wiley, David. 2013. “What Is Open Pedagogy?” Iterating Toward Openness. https://opencontent.org/blog/archives/2975.
   Google Scholar
• Williams, Mará Rose. 2017. “Pittsburg, Kan., Student Journalists Proud of Story that Led to New Principal’s Resignation.” The Kansas City Star, April 5. https://www.kansascity.com/news/local/article142989509.html.
   Google Scholar
• Wray-Lake, Laura, and Jennifer Shubert. 2019. “Understanding Stability and Change in Civic Engagement Across Adolescence: A Typology Approach.” Developmental Psychology 55 (10): 2169–2180. doi:10.1037/dev0000772.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zeldin, Shepherd, Brian D. Christens, and Jane L. Powers. 2013. “The Psychology and Practice of Youth-Adult Partnership: Bridging Generations for Youth Development and Community Change.” American Journal of Community Psychology 51 (3–4): 385–397. doi:10.1007/s10464-012-9558-y.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zeldin, Shepherd, Josset Gauley, Steven Eric Krauss, Mariah Kornbluh, and Jessica Collura. 2017. “Youth-Adult Partnership and Youth Civic Development: Cross-National Analyses for Scholars and Field Professionals.” Youth & Society 49 (7): 851–878. doi:10.1177/0044118X15595153.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhu, Alex Yue Feng, Alex Lih Shing Chan, and Kee Lee Chou. 2019. “Creative Social Media Use and Political Participation in Young People: The Moderation and Mediation Role of Online Political Expression.” Journal of Adolescence 77: 108–117. doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2019.10.010.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ziegele, Marc, Teresa K. Naab, and Pablo Jost. 2019. “Lonely Together? Identifying the Determinants of Collective Corrective Action Against Uncivil Comments.” New Media & Society 22 (5): 731–751. doi:10.1177/1461444819870130n.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zukin, Cliff, Scott Keeter, Molly Andolina, Krista Jenkins, and Michael X. Delli Carpini. 2006. A New Engagement? Political Participation, Civic Life, and the Changing American Citizen. New York: Oxford.
   Google Scholar