The role of asymptomatic class, quarantine and isolation in the transmission of COVID-19

References

• H.I. Aslan, M. Demir, M.M. Wise, and S. Lenhart, Modeling COVID-19: Forecasting and analyzing the dynamics of the outbreak in Hubei and Turkey, preprint. doi:10.1101/2020.04.11.20061952.
   Google Scholar
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), 2020. Available at https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/ (accessed 25 April 2020).
   Google Scholar
• T. Chen, J. Rui, Q. Wang, Z. Zhao, J. Cui, and L. Yin, A mathematical model for simulating the phase-based transmissibility of a novel coronavirus, Infect. Dis. Poverty 9(1) (2020). doi:10.1186/s40249-020-00640-3.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• A. Cintrón-Arias, C. Castillo-Cháivez, L.M.A. Bettencourt, A.L. Lloyd, and H.T. Banks, The estimation of the effective reproductive number from disease outbreak data, Math. Biosci. Eng. 6 (2009), pp. 261–282. doi:10.3934/mbe.2009.6.261.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Data.humdata.org, Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) Cases Data – Humanitarian Data Exchange, 2020. Available at https://data.humdata.org/dataset/novel-coronavirus-2019-ncov-cases (accessed 7 April 2020).
   Google Scholar
• B. Efron and R.J. Tibshirani, An Introduction to the Bootstrap, Chapman & Hall/CRC, Boca Raton, FL, 1993.
   Google Scholar
• S. Eikenberry, M. Mancuso, E. Iboi, T. Phan, K. Eikenberry, Y. Kuang, E. Kostelich, and A. Gumel, To mask or not to mask: Modeling the potential for face mask use by the general public to curtail the COVID-19 pandemic, Infect. Dis. Model. 5 (2020), pp. 293–308.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• N. Ferguson, D. Laydon, G. Nedjati Gilani, N. Imai, K. Ainslie, M. Baguelin, S. Bhatia, A. Boonyasiri, Z. Cucunuba Perez, G. Cuomo-Dannenburg, A. Dighe, I. Dorigatti, H. Fu, K. Gaythorpe, W. Green, A. Hamlet, W. Hinsley, L. Okell, S. Van Elsland, H. Thompson, R. Verity, E. Volz, H. Wang, Y.Wang, P. Walker, C. Walters, P. Winskill, C. Whittaker, C. Donnelly, S. Riley, and A. Ghani, Report 9: Impact of non-pharmaceutical interventions (Npis) to reduce COVID19 mortality and healthcare demand, 2020. [online] Hdl.handle.net. Available at http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/77482 (accessed 2 May 2020).
   Google Scholar
• W. Fleming and R. Rishel, Deterministic and Stochastic Optimal Control, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1975.
   Google Scholar
• B. Hu, X. Fi, L. Fa, Bat Origin of human coronaviruses. Virol J 12, 221 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12985-015-0422-1.
   Google Scholar
• C. Huang, Y. Wang, X. Li, and L. Ren, Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China Lancet 395 (2020), pp. 497–506. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30183-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• M. Imran, A. Khan, A. Ansari, and S. Shah, Modeling transmission dynamics of Ebola virus disease, Int. J. Biomath. 10(04) (2017), p. 1750057. doi: 10.1142/S1793524517500577
   Google Scholar
• D. Kirschner, S. Lenhart, and S. Serbin, Optimal control of the chemotherapy of HIV, J. Math. Biol.35(7) (1997), pp. 775–792. doi: 10.1007/s002850050076
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• A.J. Kucharski, T.W. Russell, C. Diamond, Y. Liu, J. Edmunds, S. Funk, R.M. Eggo, F. Sun, M. Jit, J.D. Munday, and N. Davies, Early dynamics of transmission and control of COVID-19: A mathematical modelling study, Lancet Infect. Dis. 20 (2020), pp. 30144–4. doi:10.1016/s1473-3099. doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30144-4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Q. Lin, S. Zhao, D. Gao, Y. Lou, S. Yang, S.S. Musa, M.H. Wang, Y. Cai, W. Wang, L. Yang, and D. He, A conceptual model for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in Wuhan, China with individual reaction and governmental action, Int. J. Infect. Dis. 93 (2020), pp. 211–216. doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2020.02.058.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• S. Mandal, T. Bhatnagar, N. Arinaminpathy, A. Agarwal, A. Chowdhury, M. Murhekar, R.R.Gangakhedkar, and S. Sarkar, Prudent public health intervention strategies to control the coronavirus disease 2019 transmission in India: A mathematical model-based approach, Indian J. Med. Res. 151(2) (2020), pp. 190–199. doi:10.4103/ijmr.ijmr_504_20.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• S. Marino, I.B. Hogue, C.J. Ray, and D.E. Kirschner, A methodology for performing global uncertainty and sensitivity analysis in systems biology, J. Theor. Biol 254 (2008), pp. 178–196. doi:10.1016/j.jtbi.2008.04.011.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oie.int., Questions and answers on the COVID-19: OIE – world organisation for animal health, 2020. Available at https://www.oie.int/scientific-expertise/specific-information-and-recommendations/questions-and-answers-on-2019novel-coronavirus (accessed 25 April 2020).
   Google Scholar
• L. Pang, S. Liu, X. Zhang, Transission dynamics and control strategies of COVID-19 in Wihan China. J. Biol. Syst. XX (2020), pp. 1–18. doi: 10.1142/S0218339020500096
   Google Scholar
• A. Perkins and G. Espana, Optimal control of the COVID-19 pandemic with non-pharmaceutical interventions, preprint. doi:10.1101/2020.04.22.20076018.
   Google Scholar
• L.S. Pontryagin, V.G. Boltyanskii, The Mathematical Theory of Optimal Processes, John Wiley & Sons New York/London1962.
   Google Scholar
• P. van den Driessche and J. Watmough, Reproduction numbers and sub-threshold endemic equilibria for compartmental models of disease transmission, Math. Biosci. 180 (2002), pp. 29–48. doi: 10.1016/S0025-5564(02)00108-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Who.int., Coronavirus, 2020. Available at https://www.who.int/health-topics/coronavirus (accessed 25 April 2020).
   Google Scholar
• Worldometers. info., Coronavirus update (Live): 2,874,022 cases and 200,790 deaths from COVID-19 virus pandemic – worldometer, 2020. Available at https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/ (accessed 25 April 2020).
   Google Scholar
• Worldometers.info., Coronavirus mortality rate (COVID-19) – worldometer, 2020. Available at https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/coronavirus-death-rate/#who-03-03-20 (accessed 19 April 2020).
   Google Scholar
• J. Yang, Y. Zheng, X. Gou, K. Pu, Z. Chen, Q. Guo, R. Ji, H. Wang, Y. Wang, and Y. Zhou, Prevalence of comorbidities and its effects in coronavirus disease 2019 patient: A systematic review and meta-analysis, Int. J. Infect. Dis. 94 (2020), pp. 91–95. doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.03.017
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• S. Zhao, Q. Lin, J. Ran, S.S. Musa, G. Yang, W. Wangh, Y. Loue, D. Gao, L. Yang, D. He, and M.H.Wang, Preliminary estimation of the basic reproduction number of novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in China, from 2019 to 2020: A data-driven analysis in the early phase of the outbreak, Int. J. Infect. Dis.92 (2020), pp. 214–217. doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2020.01.050.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar