Apishapa rock art and Great Basin shamanism: power, souls, and pilgrims

References

• Arkush, B. S. 1986. “Aboriginal Exploitation of Pronghorn in the Great Basin.” Journal of Ethnobiology 6 (2): 239–255.
   Google Scholar
• Blyth, J. 2008. “Our Footprints are There:” Report of Native American Consultation to Identify Traditional Cultural Properties and Sacred Sites on Land Administered by Fort Carson, Colorado. Loveland, CO: Gene Stout and Associates.
   Google Scholar
• Echo-Hawk, R. 2000. “Ancient History in the New World: Integrating Oral Traditions and the Archaeological Record in Deep Time.” American Antiquity 65 (2): 267–290. doi:10.2307/2694059.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fowler, C. 1992. In the Shadow of Fox Peak: An Ethnography of the Cattail-Eater Northern Paiute People of Stillwater Marsh. Fallon, Nevada: Cultural Resource Series 5. U.S. Department of the Interior. Fish and Wildlife Service, Region 1. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
   Google Scholar
• Fowler, C., and S. Liljeblad. 1986. “Northern Paiute.” In Handbook of North American Indians: Volume 11 Great Basin, edited by W. L. d’Azevedo, 435–465. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution.
   Google Scholar
• Gayton, A. H. 1948. “Yokuts and Western Mono Ethnography.” Anthropological Records 10: 1, 2. Berkeley: University of California Press.
   Google Scholar
• Goddard, P. E., ed. 1907. “Navaho Myths, Prayers, and Songs with Text and Translations by Washington Matthews.” University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 5 (2):21–63.
   Google Scholar
• Gunnerson, J. H. 1987. “Archaeology of the High Plains.” Cultural Resource Series Number 19. Denver: Bureau of Land Management Colorado State Office.
   Google Scholar
• Gunnerson, J. H. 1989. Apishapa Canyon Archaeology: Excavations at the Cramer, Snake Blakeslee and Nearby Sites. Reprints in Anthropology 41. Lincoln, NE: J & L Reprint Company.
   Google Scholar
• Hedges, K. E. 1976. “Southern California Rock Art as Shamanic Art.” American Indian Rock Art 2: 126–138.
   Google Scholar
• Hedges, K. E. 1982. “Phosphenes in the Context of Numic American Rock Art.” American Indian Rock Art 7-8: 1–10.
   Google Scholar
• Hillyard, P. 1994. The Book of the Spider: From Arachnophobia to the Love of Spiders. London: Hutchinson.
   Google Scholar
• Huffman, T. N., and F. L. Earley. 2014. “Caddoan Archaeology on the High Plains: A Conceptual Nexus of Bison, Lodges, Maize, and Rock Art.” American Antiquity 79: 655–678. doi:10.7183/0002-7316.79.4.655.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huffman, T. N., and F. L. Earley 2016. “Apishapa and the Great Basin Desert Culture.” Paper read at the 74th Annual Plains Anthropology Conference, Lincoln, Nebraska.
   Google Scholar
• Hultkrantz, Å. 1986. “Mythology and Religious Concepts.” In Handbook of North American Indians: Volume 11 Great Basin, edited by W. L. d’Azevedo, 630–640. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution.
   Google Scholar
• Katz, R. 1982. Boiling Energy: Community Healing among the Kalahari Kung. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Laird, C. 1973. “Chemehuevi Shamanism, Sorcery, and Charms.” Journal of California and Great Basin Anthropology 2 (1): 80–87.
   Google Scholar
• Laird, C. 1974. “Chemehuevi Religious Beliefs and Practices.” Journal of California Anthropology 1 (1): 19–25.
   Google Scholar
• Lewis-Williams, J. D., and T. A. Dowson. 1988. “The Signs of All Times: Entoptic Phenomena in Upper Palaeolithic Art.” Current Anthropology 29: 201–245. doi:10.1086/203629.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liljeblad, S. 1986. “Oral Tradition: Content and Style of Verbal Arts.” In Handbook of North American Indians: Volume 11 Great Basin, edited by W. L. d’Azevedo, 641–659. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution.
   Google Scholar
• Liljeblad, S., and C. Fowler. 1986. “Owens Valley Paiute.” In Handbook of North American Indians: Volume 11 Great Basin, edited by W. L. d’Azevedo, 412–434. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution.
   Google Scholar
• Loendorf, L. L. 2008. Thunder & Herds: Rock Art of the High Plains. Walnut Creek, CA: Left Coast Press.
   Google Scholar
• Loubser, J. H. N. 2006. “Rock Art, Physical Setting, and Ethnographic Context: A Comparative Perspective.” In Talking with the Past: The Ethnography of Rock Art, edited by J. D. Keyser, G. Poetschat, and M. W. Taylor, 225–253. Portland: Oregon Archaeological Society Publication.
   Google Scholar
• Miller, J. 1983. “Basin Religion and Theology: A Comparative Study of Power (Puha).” Journal of California and Great Basin Anthropology 5 (1–2): 66–86.
   Google Scholar
• Mooney, J. 1900. “Myths of the Cherokee.” Nineteenth Annual Report of the Bureau of American Ethnology, 1897-98 Part 1. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office.
   Google Scholar
• Parks, W. Z. 1934. “Paviotso Shamanism.” American Anthropologist New Series 36 (1): 98–113. doi:10.1525/aa.1934.36.issue-1.
   Google Scholar
• Patterson, A. 1992. A Field Guide to Rock Art Symbols of the Greater Southwest. Boulder, CO: Johnson Books.
   Google Scholar
• Patterson-Rudolph, C. 1997. On the Trail of Spider Woman: Petroglyphs, Pictographs, and Myths of the Southwest. Santa Fe: Ancient City Press.
   Google Scholar
• Schaafsma, P. 1986. “Rock Art.” In Handbook of North American Indians: Volume 11 Great Basin, edited by W. L. d’Azevedo, 215–226. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution.
   Google Scholar
• Shimkin, D. B. 1986. “Eastern Shoshone.” In Handbook of North American Indians: Volume 11 Great Basin, edited by W. L. d’Azevedo, 308–335. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution.
   Google Scholar
• Stoffle, R. W., L. Loendorf, D. E. Austin, D. B. Halmo, and A. Bulletts. 2000. “Ghost Dancing the Grand Canyon: Southern Paiute Rock Art, Ceremony, and Cultural Landscapes.” Current Anthropology 41 (1): 11–38.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stoffle, R. W., and M. N. Zedeño. 2002. “The Concept of Power in Numic and Yuman Epistemology.” High Plain Applied Anthropologist 22 (2): 172–193.
   Google Scholar
• Van Vlack, K. A. 2012. “Puaxant Tuvip: Powerlands Southern Paiute Cultural Landscapes and Pilgrimage Trails.” Unpublished PhD dissertation. Tucson: University of Arizona.
   Google Scholar
• Whitley, D. S. 1992. “Shamanism and Rock Art in Far Western North America.” Cambridge Archaeological Journal 2 (1): 89–113. doi:10.1017/S0959774300000494.
   Google Scholar
• Whitley, D. S. 1994. “By the Hunter, for the Gatherer: Art, Social Relations and Subsistence Change in the Prehistoric Great Basin.” World Archaeology 25 (3): 356–373. doi:10.1080/00438243.1994.9980251.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Whitley, D. S. 1998a. “Finding Rain in the Desert: Landscape, Gender and Far Western North American Rock Art.” In The Archaeology of Rock Art, edited by C. Chippindale and P. S. C. Taçon, 11–29. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Whitley, D. S. 1998b. “Meaning and Metaphor in the Coso Petroglyphs: Understanding Great Basin Rock Art.” In Coso Rock Art: A New Perspective, edited by E. Younkin, 109–174. Ridgecrest, CA: Maturango Press.
   Google Scholar
• Whitley, D. S. 2000. The Art of the Shaman: Rock Art of California. Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press.
   Google Scholar
• Whitley, D. S. 2010. “Art and Belief: The Ever-Changing and the Never-Changing in the Far West.” In Seeing and Knowing: Understanding Rock Art with and without Ethnography, edited by G. Blundell, C. Chippindale, and B. Smith, 117–137. Johannesburg: Wits University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Withers, A. M. 1954. “University of Denver Archaeological Fieldwork 1952 – 1953.” Southwestern Lore 19 (4): 1–3.
   Google Scholar
• Zedeño, M. N., F. Chmara-Huff, A. K. Carroll, and R. Toupal. 2006. From Red Spring to Cane Spring: Landscapes of Movement along the Greater Belted Range. Tucson: Bureau of Applied American Indian Research, University of Arizona.
   Google Scholar