Beyond superconductivity towards novel biomedical, energy, ecology, and heritage applications of MgB₂

References

• Chowdhury, M.S.; Rahman, K.S.; Chowdhury, T.; Nuthammachot, N.; Techato, K.; Akhtaruzzaman, M.; Tiong, S.K.; Sopian, K.; Amin, N. An Overview of Solar Photovoltaic Panels’ End-of-Life Material Recycling. Energy Strategy Rev. 2020, 27, 100431.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Winkler, C. On the Reduction of Oxygen Compounds Through Magnesium. Ber. Dtsch. Chem. Ges. 1890, 23, 772–791.
   Google Scholar
• Ray, R.C. Magnesium Boride and Amorphous Boron. J. Chem. Soc. 1914, 105, 2162–2168.
   Google Scholar
• Russell, V.; Hirst, R.; Kanda, F.A.; King, A.J. An X-Ray Study on Magnesium Borides. Acta Cryst 1953, 6, 870.
   Google Scholar
• Nagamatsu, J.; Nakagawa, N.; Muranaka, T.; Zenitani, Y.; Akimitsu, J. Superconductivity at 39 K in Magnesium Diboride. Nature 2001, 410, 63–64.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Durell, J.H.; Ainslie, M.D.; Zhou, D.; Vanderbemden, P.; Bradshaw, T.; Speller, S.; Filipenko, M.; Cardwell, D.A. Bulk Superconductors: A Road map to Applications. Supercond. Sci. Technol. 2018, 31, 103501.
   Google Scholar
• Gozzelino, L.; Gerbaldo, R.; Ghigo, G.; Torsello, D.; Bonino, V.; Truccato, M.; Grigoroscuta, M.A.; Burdusel, M.; Aldica, G.V.; Sandu, V.; et al. High Magnetic Shielding Properties of an MgB2 Cup Obtained by Machining a Spark-Plasma-Sintered Bulk Cylinder. Supercond. Sci. Technol. 2020, 33, 044018.
   Google Scholar
• Haynes, W.M., Ed. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics; CRC Press: Boca Raton, 2014.
   Google Scholar
• Liang, D.; Xiao, R.; Li, H.; Liu, J. Heterogeneous Decomposition and Oxidation During Composition of Magnesium Diboride Particles. Acta Astronaut. 2018, 153, 159–165.
   Google Scholar
• Rosenband, V.; Gany, A. Thermal Explosion Synthesis of a Magnesium Diboride Powder. Combust. Explosion Shock Waves 2014, 50, 653–657.
   Google Scholar
• Gunda, H.; Ghoroi, C.; Jasuja, K. Layered Magnesium Diboride and its Derivatives as Potential Catalytic and Energetic Additives for Tuning the Exothermicity of Ammonium Perchlorate. Thermochim. Acta 2020, 690, 178674.
   Google Scholar
• Lebedeva, E.A.; Astaf'eva, S.A.; Istomina, T.S.; Badica, P. Combustion Products Agglomeration of Propellant Containing Boron with Fluorinated Coatings. Combust. Flame 2022, 238, #111749.
   Google Scholar
• Jeyavani, V.; Kumar, R.; Joy, P.A.; Mukherjee, S.P. MgB2/NaNO2–PVA free-standing polymer composite film as a green firework: a step towards environmental sustainability. Bulletin of Materials Science. 2022, 45 (4), 175.
   Google Scholar
• Severa, G.; Rönnebro, E.; Jensen, C.M. Direct Hydrogenation of Magnesium Boride to Magnesium Borohydride: Demonstration of >11 Weight Percent Reversible Hydrogen Storage. ChemComm 2010, 46, 421–423.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Liu, Y.-S.; Ray, K.G.; Jørgensen, M.; Mattox, T.M.; Cowgill, D.F.; Eshelman, H.V.; Sawvel, A.M.; Snider, J.L.; Wijeratne, P.; Pham, A.L.; et al. Nanoscale Mg-B Via Surfactant Ball Milling of MgB2: Morphology, Composition and Improved Hydrogen Storage Properties. J. Phys. Chem. 2020, 124, 21761–21771.
   Google Scholar
• Garapati, M.S.; Sundara, R. Synergy Between Interconnected Porous Carbon-Sulfur Cathode and Metallic MgB2 Interlayer as a Lithium Polysulfide Immobilizer for High-Performance Lithium-Sulfur Batteries. ACS Omega 2020, 5, 22379–22388.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pang, Q.; Kwok, C.Y.; Kundu, D.; Liang, X.; Nazar, L.F. Lightweight Metallic MgB2 Mediates Polysulfide Redox and Promises High-Energy-Density Lithium-Sulfur Batteries. Joule 2019, 3, 136–148.
   Google Scholar
• Kravets, V.G.; Grigorenko, A.N. New Class of Photocatalytic Materials and a Novel Principle for Efficient Water Splitting Under Infrared and Visible Light: MgB2 as Unexpected Example. Opt. Express 2015, 23, A1651–A1663.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sadeghi, E.; Peighambardoust, N.S.; Khatamian, M.; Unal, U.; Aydemir, U. Metal Doped Layered MgB2 Nanoparticles as Novel Electrocatalysts for Water Splitting. Sci. Rep. 2021, 11, 3337.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Aswal, D.K.; Muthe, K.P.; Singh, A.; Sen, S.; Shah, K.; Gupta, L.C.; Gupta, S.K.; Sahni, V.C. Degradation Behavior of MgB2 Superconductor. Phys. C 2001, 363, 208–214.
   Google Scholar
• Chen, Y.K.; An, Z.; Chen, M. Competition Mechanism Study of Mg+H2O and MgO+H2O. IOP Conf. Ser. Mater. Sci. Eng 2018, 394, 022015.
   Google Scholar
• Nishino, H.; Fujita, T.; Yamamoto, A.; Fujimori, T.; Fujino, A.; Ito, S.; Nakamura, J.; Hosono, H.; Kondo, T. Formation Mechanism of Boron-Based Nanosheet Through the Reaction of MgB2 with Water. J. Phys. Chem. C 2017, 121, 10587–10593.
   Google Scholar
• Poinern, G.E.J.; Brundavanam, S.; Fawcett, D. Biomedical Magnesium Alloys: A Review of Material Properties,: Surface Modifications and Potential as a Biodegradable Orthopaedic Implant. Am. J. Biomed. Eng 2012, 2, 218–240.
   Google Scholar
• Batalu, D.; Bojin, D.; Ghiban, B.; Aldica, G.; Badica, P. Corrosion Behavior of Pristine and Added MgB2 in Phosphate Buffered Saline Solution. IOP Conf. Ser. Mater. Sci. Eng 2012, 40, 012032.
   Google Scholar
• Agudo, V.L.; Calderon, M.C.F.; Olivenza, M.A.P.; Giraldo, C.P.; Moreno, A.M.G.; Martin, M.L.G. The Role of Magnesium in Biomaterials Related Infections. Colloids Surf. B 2020, 191, 110996.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wetteland, C.L.; Sanchez, J.J.; Silken, C.A.; Nguyen, N.T.; Mahmood, O.; Liu, H. Dissociation of Magnesium Oxide and Magnesium Hydroxide Nanoparticles in Physiologically Relevant Fluids. J. Nanopart. Res. 2018, 20, 215.
   Google Scholar
• Tie, D.; Feyerabend, F.; Hort, N.; Willumeit, R.; Hoeche, D. XPS Studies of Magnesium Surfaces After Exposure to Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium, Hank’s Buffered Salt Solution, and Simulated Body Fluid. Adv. Eng. Mater. 2010, 12, B699–B704.
   Google Scholar
• Badica, P.; Batalu, N.D.; Chifiriuc, M.C.; Burdusel, M.; Grigoroscuta, M.A.; Aldica, G.; Pasuk, I.; Kuncser, A.; Enculescu, M.; Popa, M.; et al. MgB2 Powders and Bioevaluation of Their Interaction with Planktonic Microbes, Biofilms, and Tumor Cells. J. Mater. Res. Technol. 2021, 12, 2168–2184.
   Google Scholar
• Das, S.K.; Bedar, A.; Kannan, A.; Jasuja, K. Aqueous Dispersions of few Layer-Thick Chemically Modified Magnesium Diboride Nanosheets by Ultrasonication Assisted Exfoliation. Sci. Rep. 2015, 5, 10522.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Nishino, H.; Fujita, T.; Cuong, N.T.; Tominaka, S.; Miyauchi, M.; Iimura, S.; Hirata, A.; Umezawa, N.; Okada, S.; Nishibori, E.; et al. Formation and Characterization of Hydrogen Boride Sheets Derived from MgB2 by Cation Exchange. J. Am. Chem. Soc 2017, 139, 13761–13769.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tominaka, S.; Ishibiki, R.; Fujino, A.; Kawakami, K.; Ohara, K.; Masuda, T.; Matsuda, I.; Hosono, H.; Kondo, T. Geometrical Frustration of B-H Bonds in Layered Hydrogen Borides Accessible by Soft Chemistry. Chem 2020, 6, 406–418.
   Google Scholar
• Fujino, A.; Ito, S.; Goto, T.; Ishibiki, R.; Kondo, J.N.; Fujitani, T.; Nakamura, J.; Hosono, H.; Kondo, T. Hydrogenated Borophene Shows Catalytic Activity as Solid Acid. ACS Omega 2019, 4, 14100–141004.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kawamura, R.; Cuong, N.T.; Fujita, T.; Ishibiki, R.; Hirabayashi, T.; Yamaguchi, A.; Matsuda, I.; Okada, S.; Kondo, T.; Miyauchi, M. Photoinduced Hydrogen Release from Hydrogen Boride Sheets. Nat. Commun. 2019, 10, 4880.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ito, S.; Hirabayashi, T.; Ishibiki, R.; Kawamura, R.; Goto, T.; Fujita, T.; Yamaguchi, A.; Hosono, H.; Miyauchi, M.; Kondo, T. Hydrogen Boride Sheets as Reductants and the Formation of Nanocomposites with Metal Nanoparticles. Chem. Lett. 2020, 49, 789–793.
   Google Scholar
• Kawamura, R.; Yamaguchi, A.; Shimada, C.; Ishibiki, R.; Fujita, T.; Kondo, T.; Miyauchi, M. Acid Assisted Synthesis of HB Sheets Through Exfoliation of MgB2 Bulk in Organic Media. Chem. Lett. 2020, 49, 1194–1196.
   Google Scholar
• Lim, J.Y.; Ahn, J.H.; Ranot, M.; Oh, Y.S.; Kang, S.H.; Jang, S.H.; Hwang, D.Y.; Chung, K.C. Effects of Surface-Treated Boron Powder Using Chemical Solvents on MgB2 Bulk Superconductors. Prog. Supercond. Cryog. 2018, 20, 11–14.
   Google Scholar
• Stock, A.; Massenez, C. Borwasserstoffe. Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft. 1912, 45 (3), 3539–3568.
   Google Scholar
• Stock, A. Fünfundzwanzig Jahre Borchemie-Forschung. Die Naturwissenschaften. 1937, 25 (26-27), 417–420.
   Google Scholar
• Batalu, D.; Stanciuc, A.M.; Moldovan, L.; Aldica, G.; Badica, P. Evaluation of Pristine and Eu2O3 Added MgB2 Ceramics for Medical Applications: Hardness, Corrosion Resistance, Cytotoxicity and Antibacterial Activity. Mater. Sci. Eng. C 2014, 42, 350–361.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ochiai, E.I. General Principles of Biochemistry of the Elements; Plenum Press: New York and London, 1987.
   Google Scholar
• Staiger, M.P.; Pietak, A.M.; Huadmai, J.; Dias, G. Magnesium and its Alloys as Orthopedic Biomaterials: A Review. Biomaterials 2006, 27, 1728–1734.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peuster, M.; Hesse, C.; Schloo, T.; Fink, C.; Beerbaum, P.; Schnakenburg, C. Long-term Biocompatibility of a Corrodible Peripheral Iron Stent in the Porcine Descending Aorta. Biomaterials 2006, 27, 4955–4962.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, H.; Zheng, Y.; Qin, L. Progress of Biodegradable Metals. Prog. Nat. Sci. Mater. Int. 2014, 24, 414–422.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zartner, P.; Cesnjevar, R.; Singer, H.; Weyand, M. First Successful Implantation of a Biodegradable Metal Stent Into the Left Pulmonary Artery of a Preterm Baby. Catheter. Cardiovasc. Interv. 2005, 66, 590–594.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mario, C.; Griffiths, H.; Goktekin, O.; Peeters, N.; Verbist, J.; Bosiers, M.; Deloose, K.; Heublein, B.; Rohde, R.; Kasese, V.; et al. Drug-eluting Bioabsorbable Magnesium Stent. J. Interv. Cardiol. 2004, 17, 391–395.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Peeters, P.; Bosiers, M.; Verbist, J.; Deloose, K.; Heublein, B. Preliminary Results After Application of Absorbable Metal Stents in Patients with Critical Limb Ischemia. J. Endovasc. Ther. 2005, 12, 1–5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Erbel, R.; Mario, C.; Bartunek, J.; Bonnier, J.; Bruyne, B.; Eberli, F.R.; Erne, P.; Haude, M.; Heublein, B.; Horrigan, M.; et al. Temporary Scaffolding of Coronary Arteries with Bioabsorbable Magnesium Stents: A Prospective, Non-Randomised Multicentre Trial. Lancet 2007, 369, 1869–1875.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen, Y.; Xu, Z.; Smith, C.; Sankar, J. Recent Advances on the Development of Magnesium Alloys for Biodegradable Implants. Acta Biomater. 2014, 10, 4561–4573.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Uluisik, I.; Karakaya, H.C.; Koc, A. The Importance of Boron in Biological Systems. J. Trace Elem. Med. Biol. 2018, 45, 156–162.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clarke, W.B.; Webber, C.E.; Koekebakker, M.; Barr, R.D. Lithium and Boron in Human Blood. J. Lab. Clin. Med. 1987, 109, 155–158.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hunt, C.D. Regulation of Enzymatic Activity − One Possible Role of Dietary Boron in Higher Animals and Humans. Biol. Trace Elem. Res. 1998, 66, 205–225.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tanaka, M.; Fujiwara, T. Physiological Roles and Transport Mechanisms of Boron: Perspectives from Plants. Pflugers Arch. Eur. J. Physiol. 2008, 456, 671–677.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cui, Y.; Winton, M.I.; Zhang, Z.F.; Rainey, C.; Marshall, J.; Kernion, J.B.; Eckhert, C.D. Dietary Boron Intake and Prostate Cancer Risk. Oncol. Rep. 2004, 11, 887–892.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kot, F.S. Boron Sources, Speciation and Its Potential Impact on Health. Rev. Environ. Sci. Biotechnol. 2009, 8, 328.
   Google Scholar
• Nielsen, F.H. Boron in Human and Animal Nutrition. Plant Soil. 1997, 193, 199–208.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Badica, P.; Batalu, N.D.; Burdusel, M.; Grigoroscuta, M.A.; Aldica, G.; Enculescu, M.; Gradisteanu Pircalabioru, G.; Popa, M.; Marutescu, L.G.; Dumitriu, B.G.; et al. Antibacterial Composite Coatings of MgB2 Powders Embedded in PVP Matrix. Sci. Rep. 2021, 11, 9591.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gheorghe, I.; Avram, I.; Corbu, V.M.; Marutescu, L.; Popa, M.; Balotescu, I.; Blajan, I.; Mateescu, V.; Zaharia, D.; Dumbrava, A.S.; et al. In Vitro Evaluation of MgB2 Powders as Novel Tools to Fight Fungal Biodeterioration of Heritage Buildings and Objects. Front. Mater. 2021, 7, 601059.
   Google Scholar
• Fan, M.; Wen, Y.; Ye, D.; Jin, Z.; Zhao, P.; Chen, D.; Lu, X.; He, Q. Acid-Responsive H2-Releasing 2D MgB2 Nanosheet for Therapeutic Synergy and Side Effect Attenuation of Gastric Cancer Chemotherapy. Adv. Healthcare Mater. 2019, 8, 1900157.
   Google Scholar
• Honjo, T. Serendipities of acquired immunity. Nobel Lecture, 2018. https://www.nobelprize.org/uploads/2018/10/honjo-slides.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Kawamoto, S.; Tran, T.H.; Maruya, M.; Suzuki, K.; Doi, Y.; Tsutsui, Y.; Kato, L.M.; Fagarasan, S. The Inhibitory Receptor PD-1 Regulates IgA Selection and Bacterial Composition in the Gut. Science 2012, 336, 485–489.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rinninella, E.; Raoul, P.; Cintoni, M.; Franceschi, F.; Miggiano, G.A.D.; Gasbarrini, A.; Mele, M.C. What is the Healthy gut Microbiota Composition? A Changing Ecosystem Across Age, Environment, Diet, and Diseases. Microorganisms. 2019, 7, 14.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abhinandan, R.; Adithya, S.P.; Sidharthan, D.S.; Balagangadharan, K.; Selvamurugan, N. Synthesis and Characterization of Magnesium Diboride Nanosheets in Alginate/Polyvinyl Alcohol Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering. Colloids Surf., B 2021, 203, 111771.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Badica, P.; Batalu, N.D.; Balint, E.F.; Niculae, T.; Burdusel, M.; Grigoroscuta, M.A.; Aldica, G.V.; Trancau, I.O.; Chifiriuc, M.C.; Barbuceanu, F.; et al. Bicomponent Composite Biodegradable System for Osteosynthesis Materials With Biomechanical Control. Patent RO135301A0 2021.
   Google Scholar
• Badica, P.; Batalu, N.D.; Balint, E.; Tudor, N.; Barbuceanu, F.; Peteoaca, A.; Micsa, C.; Eremia, A.D.; Trancau, O.I.; Burdusel, M.; et al. MgB2-based biodegradable materials for orthopedic implants. Journal of Materials Research and Technology. 2022, 20, 1399–1413.
   Google Scholar
• Davies, D. Understanding Biofilm Resistance to Antibacterial Agents. Nat. Rev. Drug Discov. 2003, 2, 114–122.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hall-Stoodley, L.; Costerton, J.W.; Stoodley, P. Bacterial Biofilms: From the Natural Environment to Infectious Diseases. Nat. Rev. Microbiol. 2004, 2, 95–108.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• EU Action on Antimicrobial Resistance. https://ec.europa.eu/health/antimicrobialresistance/eu-action-on-antimicrobial-resistance_en.
   Google Scholar
• Boucher, H.W.; Talbot, G.H.; Bradley, J.S.; Edwards, J.E.; Gilbert, D.; Rice, L.B.; Scheld, M.; Spellberg, B.; Bartlett, J. Bad Bugs, No Drugs: No ESKAPE! An Update from the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin. Infect Dis. 2009, 48, 1–12.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walsh, P. Where Will New Antibiotics Come From? Nat. Rev. Microbiol. 2003, 1, 65–70.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lewis, K. Platforms for Antibiotic Discovery. Nat. Rev. Drug Discov. 2013, 12, 371–387.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Batalu, N.D.; Dobre, N.; Trancau, I.O.; Dumitriu, B.G.; Olariu, L.; Grigoroscuta, M.A.; Burdusel, M.; Aldica, G.V.; Badica, P.; Gaidau, C. Porous Orthotic Structures Functionalized With Antimicrobial Powders, Polypeptidic Fragments and Vegetal Extractions Used in Orthopedics and Traumatology. Patent RO135565A0 2021.
   Google Scholar
• Badica, P.; Batalu, N.D.; Chifiriuc, M.C.; Burdusel, M.; Grigoroscuta, M.A.; Aldica, G.V.; Pasuk, I.; Kuncser, A.; Popa, M.; Agostino, A.; et al. Sintered and 3D-Printed Bulks of MgB2-Based Materials with Antimicrobial Properties. Molecules 2021, 26, 6045.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kumar-Padhi, S.; Baglieri, N.; Bonino, V.; Agostino, A.; Operti, L.; Batalu, N.D.; Chifiriuc, M.C.; Popa, M.; Burdusel, M.; Grigoroscuta, M.A.; et al. Antimicrobial Activity of MgB2 Powders Produced via Reactive Liquid Infiltration Method. Molecules 2021, 26, 4966.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Madalina, L.; Popa, M.; Chifiriuc, M.C.; Marutescu, L.G.; Badica, P.; Batalu, N.D.; Grigoroscuta, M.A.; Burdusel, M.; Aldica, G.V. Mouthwash Based on Chlorhexidine and MgB2 as Active Ingredients, With Synergistic Effect Against Microbial Colonization and Dental Plaque Formation. Patent RO134808A0 2021.
   Google Scholar
• Abate, D.; Abate, K.H.; Abay, S.M.; Abbafati, C.; Abbasi, N.; Abbastabar, H.; Abd-Allah, F.; Abdela, J.; Abdelalim, A.; Abdollahpour, I. Global, Regional, and National Incidence, Prevalence, and Years Lived with Disability for 354 Diseases and Injuries for 195 Countries and Territories, 1990–2017: A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. Lancet 2018, 392, 1789–8583.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nielsen, F.H. Magnesium Deficiency and Increased Inflammation: Current Perspectives. J. Inflamm. Res. 2018, 11, 25–34.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar