The Prevalence of Bladder and Bowel Dysfunction in Children with Cerebral Palsy and its Association with Motor, Cognitive, and Autonomic Function

References

• Bax M, Goldstein M, Rosenbaum P, Leviton A, Paneth N, Dan B, Jacobsson B, Damiano D. Executive committee for the definition of cerebral palsy. Proposed definition and classification of cerebral palsy 2005. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2005;47:571–76.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jacobsson B, Hagberg G. Antenatal risk factors for cerebral palsy. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol. 2004;18:425–36.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Austin PF, Bauer SB, Bower W, Chase J, Franco I, Hoebeke P, Rittig S, Walle JV, von Gontard A, Wright A, et al. The standardization of terminology of lower urinary tract function in children and adolescents: update report from the standardization committee of the international children’s continence society. Neurourol Urodyn. 2016;35(4):471–81.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ozturk M, Oktem F, Kisioglu N, Demirci M, Altuntas I, Kutluhan S, Dogan M, Yang SS. Bladder and bowel control in children with cerebral palsy: case-control study. Croat Med J. 2006;47:264–70.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Loening-Baucke V. Prevalence rates for constipation and fecal and urinary incontinence. Arch Dis Child. 2007;92:486–89.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schaeffer A, Diamond D. Pediatric urinary incontinence: classification, evaluation, and management. African J Urology. 2014;20:1–13.
   Google Scholar
• Samijn B, Van den Broeck C, Deschepper E, Renson C, Hoebeke P, Plasschaert F, Vande Walle J, Van Laecke E. Risk factors for daytime or combined incontinence in children with cerebral palsy. J Urol. 2017;198:937–43.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wright AJ, Fletcher O, Scrutton D, Baird G. Bladder and bowel continence in bilateral cerebral palsy: a population study. J Pediatr Urol. 2016;12:.e383.1–38.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marciniak CM, Lee J, Jesselson M, Gaebler-Spira D. Cross-sectional study of bowel symptoms in adults with cerebral palsy: prevalence and impact on quality of life. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2015;96:2176–83.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maternik M, Krzeminska K, Zurowska A. The management of childhood urinary incontinence. Pediatr Nephrol. 2015;30:41–50.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Samijn B, Van Laecke E, Renson C, Hoebeke P, Plasschaert F, Vande Walle J, Van den Broeck C. Lower urinary tract symptoms and urodynamic findings in children and adults with cerebral palsy: a systematic review. Neurourol Urodyn. 2017;36:541–49.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singh BK, Masey H, Morton R. Levels of continence in children with cerebral palsy. Paediatr Nurs. 2006;18:23–26.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bross S, Honeck P, Kwon ST, Badawi JK, Trojan L, Alken P. Correlation between motor function and lower urinary tract dysfunction in patients with infantile cerebral palsy. Neurourol Urodyn. 2007;26:222–27.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thibodeau BA, Metcalfe P, Koop P, Moore K. Urinary incontinence and quality of life in children. J Pediatr Urol. 2013;9:78–83.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Engelenburg-van Lonkhuyzen ML, Bols EM, Benninga MA, Verwijs WA, de Bie RA. Effectiveness of pelvic physiotherapy in children with functional constipation compared with standard medical care. Gastroenterology. 2017;152(1):82–91. doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2016.09.015.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chang SJ, Van Laecke E, Bauer SB, von Gontard A, Bagli D, Bower WF, Renson C, Kawauchi A, Yang SS. Treatment of daytime urinary incontinence: a standardization document from the international children’s continence society. Neurourol Urodyn. 2017;36:43–50.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Svedberg LE, Englund E, Malker H, Stener-Victorin E. Parental perception of cold extremities and other accompanying symptoms in children with cerebral palsy. Eur J Paediatr Neurol. 2008;12:89–96.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kholod H, Jamil A, Katz-Leurer M, Krebs HI. The associations between motor ability, walking activity and heart rate and heart rate variability parameters among children with cerebral palsy and typically developed controls. Neuro Rehabilitation. 2013;33:113–19.
   Google Scholar
• Tur BS, Küçükdeveci AA, Kutlay S, Yavuzer G, Elhan AH, Tennant A. Psychometric properties of the WeeFIM in children with cerebral palsy in Turkey. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2009;51:732–38.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gunel MK, Mutlu A, Tarsuslu T, Livanelioglu A. Relationship among the manual ability classification system (MACS), the gross motor function classification system (GMFCS), and the functional status (WeeFIM) in children with spastic cerebral palsy. Eur J Pediatr. 2009;168(4):477–85.‏. doi:10.1007/s00431-008-0775-1.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Niemczyk J, Schäfer S, Becker N, Equit M, von Gontard A. Psychometric properties of the “parental questionnaire: enuresis/urinary incontinence. (PQ-Enu) Neurourol Urodyn. 2018;37:2209–19.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ko J, Kim M. Reliability and responsiveness of the gross motor function measure-88 in children with cerebral palsy. Phys Ther. 2013;93:393–400.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bodkin Amy Winter AW, Robinson C, Perales FP. Reliability and validity of the gross motor function classification system for cerebral palsy. Pediatric Phys Therapy: Winter. 2003;15(Issue 4):247–52. doi:10.1097/01.PEP.0000096384.19136.0.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bugler KE, Gaston MS, Robb JE. Distribution and motor ability of children with cerebral palsy in Scotland: a registry analysis. Scott Med J. 2019;64:16–21.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vande Velde S, Van Renterghem K, Van Winkel M, De Bruyne R, Van Biervliet S. Constipation and fecal incontinence in children with cerebral palsy. Overview of literature and flowchart for a stepwise approach. Acta Gastroenterol Belg. 2018;81:415–18.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Orhan C, Kaya Kara O, Kaya S, Akbayrak T, Kerem Gunel M, Baltaci G. The effects of connective tissue manipulation and kinesio taping on chronic constipation in children with cerebral palsy: a randomized controlled trial. Disabil Rehabil. 2018;40:10–20.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eisenberg S, Zuk L, Carmeli E, Katz-Leurer M. Contribution of stepping while standing to function and secondary conditions among children with cerebral palsy. Pediatr Phys Ther. 2009;21:79–85.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Landgraf JM, Abidari J, Cilento BG, Cooper CS, Schulman SL, Ortenberg J. Coping, commitment, and attitude: quantifying the everyday burden of enuresis on children and their families. Pediatrics. 2004;113(2):334–44. doi:10.1542/peds.113.2.334.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ischer N, Church P, Lyons J, McPherson AC. A qualitative exploration of the experiences of children with spina bifida and their parents around incontinence and social participation. Child Care Health Dev. 2015;41:954–62.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blanco Díaz M, Bousoño García C, Segura Ramírez DK, Rodríguez Rodriguez ÁM. Manual physical therapy in the treatment of functional constipation in children: a pilot randomized controlled trial. J Altern Complement Med. 2020;26:620–27.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar