References
- Alaggia, R. (2005). Disclosing the trauma of child sexual abuse: A gender analysis. Journal of Loss and Trauma, 10(5), 453–470. https://doi.org/10.1080/15325020500193895
- Al-saffar, S., Borgå, P., Lawoko, S., Edman, G., & Hällström, T. (2004). The significance of addressing trauma in outpatient psychiatry. Nordic Journal of Psychiatry, 58(4), 305–312. https://doi.org/10.1080/08039480410005828
- American Psychological Association. (2013). DSM‐ 5 diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders.
- Anderson, F., Howard, L., Dean, K., Moran, P., & Khalifeh, H. (2016). Childhood maltreatment and adulthood domestic and sexual violence victimisation among people with severe mental illness. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 51(7), 961–970. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-016-1244-1
- Brady, K. T., & Randall, C. L. (1999). Gender differences in substance use disorders. Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 22(2), 241–252. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0193-953x
- Brock, S. E. (2002c). Identifying individuals at risk for psychological trauma. In S. E. Brock, P. J. Lazarus, & S. R. Jimerson (Eds.), Best practices in school crisis prevention and intervention (pp. 367–383). National Association of School Psychologists.
- Brunette, M. F., & Drake, R. E. (1997). Gender differences in patients with schizophrenia and substance abuse. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 38(2), 109–116. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0010-440X
- Brunette, M. F., Mueser, K. T., & Drake, R. E. (2004). A review of research on residential programs for people with severe mental illness and co‐occurring substance use disorders. Drug and Alcohol Review, 23(4), 471–481. https://doi.org/10.1080/09595230412331324590
- Carlson, E. B. (1997). Trauma assessments: A clinician’s guide. Guilford Press.
- Covarrubias, I., & Han, M. (2011). Mental health stigma about serious mental illness among MSW students: social contact and attitude. Social work, 56(4), 317–325. https://doi.org/10.1093/sw/56.4.317
- Cusack, K. J., Frueh, B. C., & Brady, K. T. (2004). Trauma history screening in a community mental health center. Psychiatric Services, 55(2), 157–162. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ps.55.2.157
- Dixon, L. (2000). Assertive community treatment: Twenty-five years of gold. PsychiatricServices, 51(6), 759–765. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ps.51.6.759
- Dudish, S. A., & Hatsukami, D. K. (1996). Gender differences in crack users who are research volunteers. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 42(1), 55–63. https://doi.org/10.1016/0376-8716
- Fratto C. M. (2016). Trauma-Informed Care for Youth in Foster Care. Archives of Psychiatric Nursing, 30(3), 439–446. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apnu.2016.01.007m
- Frueh, B. C., Cousins, V. C., Hiers, T. G., Cavenaugh, S. D., Cusack, K. J., & Santos, A. B. (2002). The need for trauma assessment and related clinical services in a state-funded mental health system. Community Mental Health Journal, 38(4), 351–356. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1015909611028
- Gilmoor, A., Vallath, S., Regeer, B., & Bunders, J. (2020). “If somebody could just understand what I am going through, it would make all the difference”: Conceptualizations of trauma in homeless populations experiencing severe mental illness. Transcultural Psychiatry, 57(3), 455–467. https://doi.org/10.1177/1363461520909613
- Hayduk, L. A., Pazderka-Robinson, H., Cummings, G. G., Levers, M. J., & Beres, M. A. (2007). Structural equation model testing and the quality of natural killer cell activity measurements. BMC Medical Research Methodology, 5, 1. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471–2288–5–1
- Herman, J. L. (1992). Complex PTSD: A syndrome in survivors of prolonged and repeated trauma. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 5(3), 377–391. https://doi.org/10.1002/jts.2490050305
- Johnson, S. (2017). Assertive Community Treatment. Routledge. https://doi-org.proxy.bib.uottawa.ca/10.4324/9781351297486
- Kessing, L. V. (2004). Gender differences in the phenomenology of bipolar disorder. Bipolar Disorders, 6(5), 421–425. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-5618.2004.00135.x
- Kessler, R. C., Berglund, P., Demler, O., Jin, R., Merikangas, K. R., & Walters, E. E. (2005). Lifetime prevalence and age-of-onset distributions of DSM-IV disorders in the national comorbidity survey replication. Archives of General Psychiatry, 62(6), 593–602. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.62.6.593
- Khalifeh, H., & Dean, K. (2010). Gender and violence against people with severe mental illness. International Review of Psychiatry, 22(5), 535–546. https://doi.org/10.3109/09540261.2010.506185
- Khalifeh, H., Oram, S., Osborn, D., Howard, L. M., & Johnson, S. (2016). Recent physical and sexual violence against adults with severe mental illness: A systematic review and meta-analysis. International Review of Psychiatry, 28(5), 433–451. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540261.2016.1223608
- Kline, R. B. (2016). Methodology in the social sciences. Principles and practice of structural equation modeling (4th ed.). Guilford Press.
- Kuksis, M., Di Prospero, C., Hawken, E. R., & Finch, S. (2017). The correlation between trauma, PTSD, and substance abuse in a community sample seeking outpatient treatment for addiction. The Canadian Journal of Addiction, 8(1), 18–24. https://doi.org/10.1097/02024458-201706000-00005
- Lewis-O’Connor, A., Warren, A., Lee, J. V., Levy-Carrick, N., Grossman, S., Chadwick, M., Stoklosa, H., & Rittenberg, E. (2019). The state of the science on trauma inquiry. Women’s Health, 15. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745506519861234
- Lipschitz, D. S., Kaplan, M. L., Sorkenn, J. B., Faedda, G. L., Chorney, P., & Asnis, G. M. (1996). Prevalence and characteristics of physical and sexual abuse among psychiatric outpatients. Psychiatric Services, 47(2), 189–191. https://doi.org/10.1176/ps.47.2.189
- Lundy, A., Gottheil, E., Serota, R. D., Weinstein, S. P., & Sterling, R. C. (1995). Gender differences and similarities in African-American crack cocaine abusers. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 183(4), 260–266. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005053-199504000-00013
- Mandavia, A., Robinson, G. G., Bradley, B., Ressler, K. J., & Powers, A. (2016). Exposure to childhood abuse and later substance use: Indirect effects of emotion dysregulation and exposure to trauma. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 29(5), 422–429. https://doi.org/10.1002/jts.22131
- Mandelli, L., Petrelli, C., & Serretti, A. (2015). The role of specific early trauma in adult depression: A meta-analysis of published literature. Childhood trauma and adult depression. European Psychiatry, 30(6), 665–680. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2015.04.007
- Mangrum, L. F., Spence, R. T., & Steinley-Bumgarner, M. D. (2006). Gender differences in substance-abuse treatment clients with co-occurring psychiatric and substance-use disorders. Brief Treatment and Crisis Intervention, 6(3), 255. https://doi.org/10.1093/brief-treatment/mhl006
- Marshall, M., & Lockwood, A. (1998). Assertive community treatment for people with severe mental disorders. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, (2), CD001089. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD001089
- Meyer, I. H., Muenzenmaier, K., Cancienne, J., & Struening, E. (1996). Reliability and validity of a measure of sexual and physical abuse histories among women with serious mental illness. Child Abuse & Neglect, 20(3), 213–219. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0145-2134
- Mills, K. L., McFarlane, A. C., Slade, T., Creamer, M., Silove, D., Teesson, M., & Bryant, R. (2011). Assessing the prevalence of trauma exposure in epidemiological surveys. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 45(5), 407–415. https://doi.org/10.3109/00048674.2010.543654
- Mueser, K. T., Rosenberg, S. D., Goodman, L. A., & Trumbetta, S. L. (2002). Trauma, PTSD, and the course of severe mental illness: An interactive model. Schizophrenia Research, 53(1–2), 123–143. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0920-9964
- Mueser, K. T., Rosenberg, S. D., Xie, H., Jankowski, M. K., Bolton, E. E., Lu, W., Hamblen, J. L., Rosenberg, H. J., McHugo, G. J., & Wolfe, R. (2008). A randomized controlled trial of cognitive-behavioral treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder in severe mental illness. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychologyi, 76(2), 259–271. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.76.2.259
- Mueser, K. T., Salyers, M. P., Rosenberg, S. D., Goodman, L. A., Essock, S. M., Osher, F. C., Swartz, M. S., & Butterfield, M. I.; 5 Site Health and Risk Study Research Committee. (2004). Interpersonal trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder in patients with severe mental illness: Demographic, clinical, and health correlates. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 30(1), 45–57. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.schbul.a007067. PMID: 15176761
- Mueser, K. T., Yarnold, P. R., Rosenberg, S. D., Swett, C., Jr, Miles, K. M., & Hill, D. (2000). Substance use disorder in hospitalized severely mentally ill psychiatric patients: Prevalence, correlates, and subgroups. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 26(1), 179–192. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.schbul.a033438
- Mueser, R. T., Drake, R. E., & Noordsy, D. L. (1998). Integrated mental health and substance abuse treatment for severe psychiatric disorders. Journal of Psychiatric Practice®, 4(3), 129–139. https://doi.org/10.1097/00131746-199805000-00001
- National Institute of Mental Health. (1987). Toward a model plan for a comprehensive, community-based mental health system. Rockville, MD: Division of Education and Service Systems Liasion.
- O’Hare, T., Shen, C., & Sherrer, M. (2013). Trauma and posttraumatic stress symptoms in people with severe mental illness: Examining alternative measures of trauma. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, 5(6), 529. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0030796
- O’Hare, T., Shen, C., & Sherrer, M. V. (2017). Correlates of practitioners’ risk assessments of self-harm in people with severe mental illness. Best Practices in Mental Health, 13(2), 1–10.
- Ontario Ministry of Health. (2005). Ontario Program Standards for ACT Teams, 2nd edition, October 2004, Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care. http://www.health. gov.on.ca/english/public/pub/ministry_reports/mentalhealth/act_ standards.pdf
- Phelan, J. C., Link, B. G., & Tehranifar, P. (2010). Social conditions as fundamental causes of health inequalities: Theory, evidence, and policy implications. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, (51 Suppl), S28–S40. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022146510383498
- Phillips, S. D., Burns, B. J., Edgar, E. R., Mueser, K. T., Linkins, K. W., Rosenheck, R. A., Drake, R. E., & McDonel Herr, E. C. (2001). Moving Assertive Community Treatment Into Standard Practice. Psychiatric Services, 52(6), 771–779. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ps.52.6.771
- Read, J., Harper, D., Tucker, I., & Kennedy, A. (2018). Do adult mental health services identify child abuse and neglect? A systematic review. International Journal of Mental Health Nursing, 27(1), 7–19. https://doi.org/10.1111/inm.12369
- Rosenberg, S. D., Drake, R. E., & Mueser, K. (1996). New directions for treatment research on sequelae of sexual abuse in persons with severe mental illness. Community Mental Health Journal, 32(4), 387–400. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02249456
- SAMHSA, S. A. (2012). Mental health services administration. The Role of Biomarkers in the Treatment of Alcohol Use Disorders, 1–8. https://www.samhsa.gov/
- Sampson, M., & Read, J. (2017). Are mental health staff getting better at asking about abuse and neglect? International Journal of Mental Health Nursing, 26(1), 95–104. https://doi.org/10.1111/inm.12237
- Schön, U. K. (2010). Recovery from severe mental illness, a gender perspective. Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences, 24(3), 557–564. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-6712.2009.00748.x
- Schulte, M. T., Ramo, D., & Brown, S. A. (2009). Gender differences in factors influencing alcohol use and drinking progression among adolescents. Clinical Psychology Review, 29(6), 535–547. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2009.06.003
- Solomon, S. D., & Davidson, J. R. (1997). Trauma: Prevalence, impairment, service use, and cost. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry.
- Stein, L. I., & Test, M. A. (1980). Alternative to mental hospital treatment: I. Conceptual model, treatment program, and clinical evaluation. Archives of General Psychiatry, 37(4), 392–397. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.1980.01780170034003
- Subica, A. M., Claypoole, K. H., & Wylie, A. M. (2012). PTSD’S mediation of the relationships between trauma, depression, substance abuse, mental health, and physical health in individuals with severe mental illness: Evaluating a comprehensive model. Schizophrenia Research, 136(1–3), 104–109. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2011.10.018
- Switzer, G. E., Dew, M. A., Thompson, K., Goycoolea, J. M., Derricott, T., & Mullins, S. D. (1999). Posttraumatic stress disorder and service utilization among urban mental health center clients. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 12(1), 25–39. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1024738114428
- Tabachnick, G., & Fidell, S. (2012). Using multivariate statistics (6th edn). Boston: Pearson Education.
- Tolin, D. F., & Foa, E. B. (2006). Sex differences in trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder: A quantitative review of 25 years of research. Psychological Bulletin, 132(6), 959–992. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.132.6.959
- Vasilenko, S. A., Evans-Polce, R. J., & Lanza, S. T. (2017). Age trends in rates of substance use disorders across ages 18–90: Differences by gender and race/ethnicity. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 180, 260–264. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2017.08.027
- Vibhakar, V., Allen, L. R., Gee, B., & Meiser-Stedman, R. (2019). A systematic review and meta-analysis on the prevalence of depression in children and adolescents after exposure to trauma. Journal of Affective Disorders, 255, 77–89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2019.05.005
- Weinreb, L., Savageau, J. A., Candib, L. M., Reed, G. W., Fletcher, K. E., & Hargraves, J. L. (2010). Screening for childhood trauma in adult primary care patients: A cross-sectional survey. Primary Care Companion to the Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 12, 6. https://doi.org/10.4088/PCC.10m00950blu
- Westfall, P., & Henning, K. (2013). Understanding advanced statistical methods. CRC Press.
- Xenitidis, K., Thornicroft, G., Leese, M., Slade, M., Fotiadou, M., Philp, H., Sayer, J., Harris, E., McGee, D., & Murphy, D. G. (2000). Reliability and validity of the CANDID--a needs assessment instrument for adults with learning disabilities and mental health problems. The British journal of psychiatry : The Journal of Mental Science, 176, 473–478. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.176.5.473
- Yeh, Y. J., Lai, S. Q., & Ho, C. T. (2006). Knowledge management enablers: a case study. Industrial Management & Data Systems, 106(6), 793–810. https://doi.org/10.1108/02635570610671489