Systematic violations of patients’ rights and safety: forced medication of a cohort of 30 patients in Alaska

References

• Andreasen, N. C., Liu, D., Ziebell, S., Vora, A., & Ho, B. -C. (2013). Relapse duration, treatment intensity, and brain tissue loss in schizophrenia: A prospective longitudinal MRI study. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 170(6), 609–615. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2013.12050674
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bergström, T., Seikkula, J., Alakare, B., Mäki, P., Köngäs-Saviaro, P., Taskila, J. J., Tolvanen, A., & Aaltonen, J. (2018). The family-oriented open dialogue approach in the treatment of first-episode psychosis: Nineteen–year outcomes. Psychiatry Research, 270, 168–175. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2018.09.039
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bigley versus Alaska Psychiatric Institute. (2009). (208 P.3d 168).
   Google Scholar
• Breggin, P. R. (2008). Brain-disabling treatments in psychiatry: Drugs, electroshock, and the psychopharmaceutical complex. Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Christensen, D. C. (2012). Dear Luise: A story of power and powerlessness in Denmark’s psychiatric care system. Jorvik Press.
   Google Scholar
• Dold, M., Li, C., Tardy, M., Khorsand, V., Gillies, D., & Leucht, S. (2012). Benzodiazepines for schizophrenia. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 11, CD006391. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD006391.pub2
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Freeman, D., & Freeman, J. (2014, March 7). At last, a promising alternative to antipsychotics for schizophrenia. The Guardian.
   Google Scholar
• Geodon FDA package insert. (2022, July 7).
   Google Scholar
• Gottstein, J. (2002, November). Psychiatry: Force of law. Psych Rights.
   Google Scholar
• Gottstein, J. (2021) The Zyprexa papers. Samizdat Health Writer’s Co-operative.
   Google Scholar
• Gøtzsche, P. C. (2015). Deadly psychiatry and organised denial. People’s Press.
   Google Scholar
• Gøtzsche, P. C. (2019, May 4) Forced drugging with antipsychotics is against the law: Decision in Norway. Mad in America.
   Google Scholar
• Gøtzsche, P. C. (2022). Critical psychiatry textbook. Institute for Scientific Freedom.
   Google Scholar
• Gøtzsche, P. C., & Sørensen, A. (2020, October-December). Systematic violations of patients’ rights and safety: Forced medication of a cohort of 30 patients. Indian Journal of Medical Ethics, 5(4), NS: 312–8. https://doi.org/10.20529/IJME.2020.085
   Google Scholar
• Gøtzsche, P. C., Vinther, S., & Sørensen, A. (2019). Forced medication in psychiatry: Patients’ rights and the law not respected by appeals board in Denmark. Clinical Neuropsychiatry, 16(5–6), 229–233. https://doi.org/10.36131/clinicalnpsych2019050606
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haldol FDA package insert. (2022, July 7).
   Google Scholar
• Ho, B. C., Andreasen, N. C., Ziebell, S., Pierson, R., & Magnotta, V. (2011). Long-term antipsychotic treatment and brain volumes: A longitudinal study of first-episode schizophrenia. Archives of General Psychiatry, 68(2), 128–137. https://doi.org/10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2010.199
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hutton, P., & Taylor, P. J. (2014). Cognitive behavioural therapy for psychosis prevention: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychological Medicine, 44(3), 449–468. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291713000354
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Joukamaa, M., Heliövaara, M., Knekt, P., Aromaa, A., Raitasalo, R., & Lehtinen, V. (2006). Schizophrenia, neuroleptic medication and mortality. The British Journal of Psychiatry: The Journal of Mental Science, 188(2), 122–127. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.188.2.122
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Khin, N. A., Chen, Y. F., Yang, Y., Yang, P., & Laughren, T. P. (2012). Exploratory analyses of efficacy data from schizophrenia trials in support of new drug applications submitted to the US Food and Drug Administration. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 73(06), 856–864. https://doi.org/10.4088/JCP.11r07539
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Leucht, S., Cipriani, A., Spineli, L., Mavridis, D., Örey, D., Richter, F., Samara, M., Barbui, C., Engel, R. R., Geddes, J. R., Kissling, W., Stapf, M. P., Lässig, B., Salanti, G., & Davis, J. M. (2013). Comparative efficacy and tolerability of 15 antipsychotic drugs in schizophrenia: A multiple treatments meta-analysis. The Lancet, 382(9896), 951–962. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(13)60733-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leucht, S., Kane, J. M., Etschel, E., Kissling, W., Hamann, J., & Engel, R. R. (2006). Linking the PANSS, BPRS, and CGI: Clinical implications. Neuropsychopharmacology, 31(10), 2318–2325. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.npp.1301147
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Manschreck, T. C., & Boshes, R. A. (2007). The CATIE schizophrenia trial: Results, impact, controversy. Harvard Review of Psychiatry, 15(5), 245–258. https://doi.org/10.1080/10673220701679838
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moncrieff, J. (2006). Does antipsychotic withdrawal provoke psychosis? Review of the literature on rapid onset psychosis (supersensitivity psychosis) and withdrawal-related relapse. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 114(1), 3–13. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0447.2006.00787.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moncrieff, J. (2013). The bitterest pills. Palgrave Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• Moncrieff, J. (2015). Antipsychotic maintenance treatment: Time to rethink? PLoS Medicine, 12(8), e1001861. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001861
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moncrieff, J., Wessely, S., & Hardy, R. (2004). Active placebos versus antidepressants for depression. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 1(10), CD003012. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD003012.pub2
   Google Scholar
• Moritz, S., Kerstan, A., Veckenstedt, R., Randjbar, S., Vitzthum, F., Schmidt, C., Heise, M., & Woodward, T. S. (2011). Further evidence for the efficacy of a metacognitive group training in schizophrenia. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 49(3), 151–157. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2010.11.010
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moritz, S., Veckenstedt, R., Andreou, C., Bohn, F., Hottenrott, B., Leighton, L., Köther, U., Woodward, T. S., Treszl, A., Menon, M., Schneider, B. C., Pfueller, U., & Roesch Ely, D. (2014). Sustained and “sleeper” effects of group metacognitive training for schizophrenia: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA Psychiatry, 71(10), 1103–1111. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2014.1038
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morrison, A. P., Turkington, D., Pyle, M., Spencer, H., Brabban, A., Dunn, G., Christodoulides, T., Dudley, R., Chapman, N., Callcott, P., Grace, T., Lumley, V., Drage, L., Tully, S., Irving, K., Cummings, A., Byrne, R., Davies, L. M., & Hutton, P. (2014). Cognitive therapy for people with schizophrenia spectrum disorders not taking antipsychotic drugs: A single-blind randomised controlled trial. The Lancet, 383(9926), 1395–1403. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(13)62246-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Myers versus Alaska Psychiatric Institute. (2006). (138 P3d 238).
   Google Scholar
• Neurontin FDA package insert. (2020, January 4).
   Google Scholar
• NICE. (2014, February 12). Psychosis and schizophrenia in adults: Prevention and management. Clinical guideline (CG178).
   Google Scholar
• Ray, W. A., Chung, C. P., Murray, K. T., Hall, K., & Stein, C. M. (2009). Atypical antipsychotic drugs and the risk of sudden cardiac death. The New England Journal of Medicine, 360(3), 225–235. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa0806994
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ray, W. A., Meredith, S., Thapa, P. B., Meador, K. G., Hall, K., & Murray, K. T. (2001). Antipsychotics and the risk of sudden cardiac death. Archives of General Psychiatry, 58(12), 1161–1167. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.58.12.1161
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seikkula, J., Aaltonen, J., Alakare, B., Haarakangas, K., Keränen, J., & Lehtinen, K. (2006). Five-year experience of first-episode nonaffective psychosis in open-dialogue approach: Treatment principles, follow-up outcomes, and two case studies. Psychotherapy Research, 16(2), 214–228. https://doi.org/10.1080/10503300500268490
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Svedberg, B., Mesterton, A., & Cullberg, J. (2001). First-episode non-affective psychosis in a total urban population: A 5-year follow-up. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 36(7), 332–337. https://doi.org/10.1007/s001270170037
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tenback, D., Pijl, B., & Smeets, H. (2012). All-cause mortality and medication risk factors in schizophrenia. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology, 32(1), 31–35. https://doi.org/10.1097/JCP.0b013e31823f3c43
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• United Nations convention on the rights of persons with disabilities. (2014, May 19). (General comment No. 1).
   Google Scholar
• Waddington, J. L., Youssef, H. A., & Kinsella, A. (1998). Mortality in schizophrenia. Antipsychotic polypharmacy and absence of adjunctive anticholinergics over the course of a 10-year prospective study. The British Journal of Psychiatry: The Journal of Mental Science, 173(4), 325–329. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.173.4.325
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Weiden, P. J., Mann, J. J., & Haas, G., Mattson, M., & Frances, A. (1987). Clinical nonrecognition of neuroleptic-induced movement disorders: A cautionary study. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 144(9), 1148–1153.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Whitaker, R. (2002). Mad in America: Bad science, bad medicine, and the enduring mistreatment of the mentally ill. Perseus Books Group.
   Google Scholar
• Whitaker, R. (2015). Anatomy of an epidemic (2nd ed.). Broadway Paperbacks.
   Google Scholar
• Wunderink, L., Nieboer, R. M., Wiersma, D., Sytema, S., & Nienhuis, F. J. (2013). Recovery in remitted first-episode psychosis at 7 years of follow-up of an early dose reduction/discontinuation or maintenance treatment strategy: Long-term follow-up of a 2-year randomized clinical trial. JAMA Psychiatry, 70(9), 913–920. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2013.19
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zyprexa FDA package insert. (2022, May 5).
   Google Scholar