569
Views
1
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Articles

Stop the Frack! Exploring the Media’s Portrayal of the Social Representation of an Anti-Fracking Protest at the Baltic Sea

ORCID Icon
Pages 271-286 | Received 28 Aug 2018, Accepted 24 Jul 2019, Published online: 16 Sep 2019

References

  • Arnold, K., & Wagner, A.-L. (2018). Die Leistungen des Lokaljournalismus. Publizistik, 63(2), 177–206. doi: 10.1007/s11616-018-0422-4
  • Bartels, M. (2018). Kampagnen – Wie NGOs sich selbst und die Gesellschaft erzählen. In N. Remus & L. Rademacher (Eds.), Handbuch NGO-Kommunikation (pp. 113–129). Wiesbaden: Springer. doi: 10.1007/978-3-531-18808-9_8
  • Barz, A., Reinert, C., & Hartmann, J. (2018). NGO-Kampagnen im Vergleich. In N. Remus & L. Rademacher (Eds.), Handbuch NGO-Kommunikation (pp. 131–146). Wiesbaden: Springer. doi: 10.1007/978-3-531-18808-9_9
  • Bec, A., Moyle, B. D., & McLennan, C. L. J. (2016). Drilling into community perceptions of coal seam gas in Roma, Australia. The Extractive Industries and Society, 3(3), 716–726. doi: 10.1016/j.exis.2015.12.007
  • Bengtsson, M. (2016). How to plan and perform a qualitative study using content analysis. NursingPlus Open, 2, 8–14. doi: 10.1016/j.npls.2016.01.001
  • Berglez, P., Olausson, U., & Ots, M. (2017). What is sustainable journalism?: Integrating the environmental, social, and economic challenges of journalism. New York: Peter Lang.
  • Beyers, J. (2004). Voice and access: Political practices of European interest associations. European Union Politics, 5(2), 211–240. doi: 10.1177/1465116504042442
  • BI Erdöl Barth. (2014). Citizens’ initiative mobilizes against petroleum test promotion in Saal. [Press Release]. Retrieved from https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B_hBMxAtdk4nSFpSRi1KVGF2Yms/edit
  • Bigl, B. (2017). Fracking in the German press: Securing energy supply on the eve of the ‘Energiewende’ – A quantitative framing-based analysis. Environmental Communication, 11(2), 231–247. doi: 10.1080/17524032.2016.1245207
  • Boorstin, D. J. (1964). The image: A guide to pseudo-events in America. New York: Harper and Row.
  • Boudet, H., Clarke, C., Bugden, D., Maibach, E., Roser-Renouf, C., & Leiserowitz, A. (2014). “Fracking” controversy and communication: Using national survey data to understand public perceptions of hydraulic fracturing. Energy Policy, 65, 57–67. doi: 10.1016/j.enpol.2013.10.017
  • Boyd, A. D. (2017). Examining community perceptions of energy systems development: The role of communication and sense of place. Environmental Communication, 11(2), 184–204. doi: 10.1080/17524032.2015.1047886
  • Brüggemann, M., Silva-Schmidt, F. d., Hoppe, I., Arlt, D., & Schmitt, J. B. (2017). The appeasement effect of a United Nations climate summit on the German public. Nature Climate Change, 7, 783–787. doi: 10.1038/nclimate3409
  • Bugden, D., Evensen, D., & Stedman, R. (2017). A drill by any other name: Social representations, framing, and legacies of natural resource extraction in the fracking industry. Energy Research & Social Science, 29, 62–71. doi: 10.1016/j.erss.2017.05.011
  • Buijs, A. E., Arts, B. J. M., Elands, B. H. M., & Lengkeek, J. (2011). Beyond environmental frames: The social representation and cultural resonance of nature in conflicts over a Dutch woodland. Geoforum, 42(3), 329–341. doi: 10.1016/j.geoforum.2010.12.008
  • Byg, A., & Salick, J. (2009). Local perspectives on a global phenomenon—Climate change in eastern Tibetan villages. Global Environmental Change, 19(2), 156–166. doi: 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2009.01.010
  • Castrechini, A., Pol, E., & Guàrdia-Olmos, J. (2014). Media representations of environmental issues: From scientific to political discourse. Revue Européenne De Psychologie Appliquée/European Review of Applied Psychology, 64(5), 213–220. doi: 10.1016/j.erap.2014.08.003
  • Cmeciu, C., & Coman, C. (2016). Digital civic activism in Romania: Framing anti-Chevron online protest community “faces”. Comunicar, 24(47), 19–28. doi: 10.3916/C47-2016-02
  • Corrigall-Brown, C., & Wilkes, R. (2011). Picturing protest: The visual framing of collective action by first nations in Canada. American Behavioral Scientist, 56(2), 223–243. doi: 10.1177/0002764211419357
  • Cox, J. R. (2010). Beyond frames: Recovering the strategic in climate communication. Environmental Communication, 4(1), 122–133. doi: 10.1080/17524030903516555
  • Cunningham, S. (2018). The story of an emerging energy issue: National television news coverage of fracking in the United States. Environmental Communication, 4(2), 1–16. doi: 10.1080/17524032.2018.1548370
  • Durkheim, E. (1898). Representations individuelles et representations collectives. Revue De Metaphysique Et De Morale, VI, 273–302.
  • Eden, S., Donaldson, A., & Walker, G. (2006). Green groups and grey areas: Scientific boundary-work, nongovernmental organisations, and environmental knowledge. Environment and Planning a, 38(6), 1061–1076. doi: 10.1068/a37287
  • Edwards, R., & Holland, J. (2013). What is qualitative interviewing? ‘What is?’ research methods series. London: Bloomsbury Academic.
  • Elter, A., & Köhler, A. (2018). Zur Transformation sozialen Protestes: Auf dem Weg zur NGO. In N. Remus & L. Rademacher (Eds.), Handbuch NGO-Kommunikation (pp. 31–50). Wiesbaden: Springer. doi: 10.1007/978-3-531-18808-9_3
  • Entman, R. M. (1993). Framing: Toward clarification of a fractured paradigm. Journal of Communication, 43(4), 51. doi: 10.1111/j.1460-2466.1993.tb01304.x
  • Evensen, D. (2016). Word choice matters: Comment on Stoutenborough et al., 2016, ‘Is “fracking” a new dirty word?’. Energy Research & Social Science, 20, 8–9. doi: 10.1016/j.erss.2016.06.012
  • Evensen, D., Jacquet, J. B., Clarke, C. E., & Stedman, R. C. (2014). What’s the ‘fracking’ problem? One word can’t say it all. The Extractive Industries and Society, 1(2), 130–136. doi: 10.1016/j.exis.2014.06.004
  • Evensen, D., & Stedman, R. (2016). Scale matters: Variation in perceptions of shale gas development across national, state, and local levels. Energy Research & Social Science, 20, 14–21. doi: 10.1016/j.erss.2016.06.010
  • Farr, R. (1987). Social representations: A French tradition of research. Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour, 17(4), 343–365. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-5914.1987.tb00103.x
  • Figari, H., & Skogen, K. (2011). Social representations of the wolf. Acta Sociologica, 54(4), 317–332. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/41330469
  • Gezgin, U. B. (2018). Social cognition and media psychology uncovered: Social representations of Chinese on Turkish newspapers. Global Media Journal: Turkish Edition, 8(16), 48–67. Retrieved from http://globalmediajournaltr.yeditepe.edu.tr/sites/default/files/01_ulas_basar_gezgin.pdf
  • Gong, B. (2018). The shale technical revolution – Cheer or fear? Impact analysis on efficiency in the global oilfield service market. Energy Policy, 112, 162–172. doi: 10.1016/j.enpol.2017.09.054
  • Graneheim, U. H., Lindgren, B.-M., & Lundman, B. (2017). Methodological challenges in qualitative content analysis: A discussion paper. Nurse Education Today, 56, 29–34. doi: 10.1016/j.nedt.2017.06.002
  • Hanna, P. (2016). Social representations or discursive constructions? A commentary on Tracey Skillington’s (2016) article ‘Defending the ‘Public Interest’’. Papers on Social Representations, 25(1), 5.1–5.6. Retrieved from http://psr.iscte-iul.pt/index.php/PSR/article/view/58/31
  • Harcup, T., & O’Neill, D. (2017). What is news? Journalism Studies, 18(12), 1470–1488. doi: 10.1080/1461670X.2016.1150193
  • Hedding, K. J. (2017). Sources and framing of fracking: A content analysis of newspaper coverage in North Carolina, New York, and Pennsylvania. Environmental Communication, 11(3), 370–385. doi: 10.1080/17524032.2016.1269819
  • Hermann, A. K. (2016). Ethnographic journalism. Journalism: Theory, Practice & Criticism, 17(2), 260–278. doi: 10.1177/1464884914555964
  • Höijer, B. (2011). Social representations theory. Nordicom Review, 32(2). doi: 10.1515/nor-2017-0109
  • Hopke, J. E. (2016). Translocal anti-fracking activism: An exploration of network structure and tie content. Environmental Communication, 10(3), 380–394. doi: 10.1080/17524032.2016.1147474
  • Hough, B. J. (2015). A comparative discourse analysis of media texts pertaining to fracking in North Dakota’s Bakken region (Dissertation). Ohio University, Athens, OH. Retrieved from http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1438416315
  • Hutchins, B., & Lester, L. (2006). Environmental protest and tap-dancing with the media in the information age. Media, Culture & Society, 28(3), 433–451. doi: 10.1177/0163443706062911
  • Hwang, Y., & Southwell, B. G. (2009). Science TV news exposure predicts science beliefs. Communication Research, 36(5), 724–742. doi: 10.1177/0093650209338912
  • Idoiaga Mondragon, N., Gil de Montes, L., & Valencia, J. (2018). Understanding the emergence of infectious diseases: Social representations and mass media. Communication & Society, 31(3), 319–330. doi: 10.15581/003.31.3.319-330
  • Isaacs, D., & Mthembu, J. (2018). “I forgive him. It wasn’t easy for him”: Social representations of perpetrators of intimate partner violence in the Western Cape Province media. Critical Studies in Media Communication, 35(5), 468–482. doi: 10.1080/15295036.2018.1501157
  • Jahoda, G. (1988). Critical notes and reflections on ‘social representations’. European Journal of Social Psychology, 18(3), 195–209. doi: 10.1002/ejsp.2420180302
  • Jaspal, R., & Nerlich, B. (2014). Fracking in the UK press: Threat dynamics in an unfolding debate. Public Understanding of Science, 23(3), 348–363. doi: 10.1177/0963662513498835
  • Jaspal, R., Nerlich, B., & Lemańcyzk, S. (2014). Fracking in the Polish press: Geopolitics and national identity. Energy Policy, 74, 253–261. doi: 10.1016/j.enpol.2014.09.007
  • Jeppesen, S., Kruzynski, A., Lakoff, A., & Sarrasin, R. (2014). Grassroots autonomous media practices: A diversity of tactics. Journal of Media Practice, 15(1), 21–38. doi: 10.1080/14682753.2014.892697
  • Kneuer, M., & Richter, S. (2018). Empörungsbewegungen: Der Einfluss von sozialen Medien auf die Protestbewegungen seit 2011. In N. Remus & L. Rademacher (Eds.), Handbuch NGO-Kommunikation (pp. 249–276). Wiesbaden: Springer. doi: 10.1007/978-3-531-18808-9_15
  • Köhler, A. (2018). Die Einflussnahme von NGOs auf den politischen Prozess: Lobbying als Kommunikationsinstrument. In N. Remus & L. Rademacher (Eds.), Handbuch NGO-Kommunikation (pp. 147–162). Wiesbaden: Springer. doi: 10.1007/978-3-531-18808-9_10
  • Krause, A., & Bucy, E. P. (2018). Interpreting images of fracking: How visual frames and standing attitudes shape perceptions of environmental risk and economic benefit. Environmental Communication, 12(3), 322–343. doi: 10.1080/17524032.2017.1412996
  • La Herranz de Casa, J. M., Álvarez-Villa, À, & Mercado-Sáez, M. T. (2018). Communication and effectiveness of the protest: Anti-fracking movements in Spain. ZER – Revista de Estudios de Comunicación, 23(45), 35–56. doi: 10.1387/zer.19543
  • Landesregierung Mecklenburg Vorpommern. (2015). Kleine Anfrage (No. 6/3695). Retrieved from http://www.dokumentation.landtag-mv.de/Parldok/dokument/35682/erd%C3%B6l-und-erdgasf%C3%B6rderung-in-mecklenburg-vorpommern.pdf
  • Lester, L., & Hutchins, B. (2009). Power games: Environmental protest, news media and the internet. Media, Culture & Society, 31(4), 579–595. doi: 10.1177/0163443709335201
  • Luke, H. (2017). Social resistance to coal seam gas development in the northern rivers region of eastern Australia: Proposing a diamond model of social license to operate. Land Use Policy, 69, 266–280. doi: 10.1016/j.landusepol.2017.09.006
  • Maeseele, P. (2009). NGOs and GMOs. Javnost – The Public, 16(4), 55–72. doi: 10.1080/13183222.2009.11009014
  • Mayring, P. (2000). Qualitative Inhaltsanalyse [28 Absätze]. FQS – Forum Qualitative Sozialforschung, 1(2), Art. 20. doi: 10.17169/fqs-1.2.1089
  • Mercado, M.-T., Alvarez, A., & Herranz, J. M. (2014). The fracking debate in the media: The role of citizen platforms as sources of information. ESSACHESS – Journal for Communication Studies, 7(13), 45–62. Retrieved from http://www.essachess.com/index.php/jcs/article/view/234
  • Metze, T., & Dodge, J. (2016). Dynamic discourse coalitions on hydro-fracking in Europe and the United States. Environmental Communication, 10(3), 365–379. doi: 10.1080/17524032.2015.1133437
  • Moloney, G., Leviston, Z., Lynam, T., Price, J., Stone-Jovicich, S., & Blair, D. (2014). Using social representations theory to make sense of climate change: What scientists and nonscientists in Australia think. Ecology and Society, 19(3). doi: 10.5751/ES-06592-190319
  • Montgomery, C. T., & Smith, M. B. (2010). Hydraulic fracturing: History of an enduring technology. Journal of Petroleum Technology, 62(12), 26–40. doi: 10.2118/1210-0026-JPT
  • Morgan, S. E. (2009). The intersection of conversation, cognitions, and campaigns: The social representation of organ donation. Communication Theory, 19(1), 29–48. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-2885.2008.01331.x
  • Moscovici, S. (1963). Attitudes and opinions. Annual Review of Psychology, 14(1), 231–260. doi: 10.1146/annurev.ps.14.020163.001311
  • Moscovici, S. (1988). Notes towards a description of social representations. European Journal of Social Psychology, 18(3), 211–250. doi: 10.1002/ejsp.2420180303
  • Neil, J., Schweickart, T., Zhang, T., Lukito, J., Kim, J. Y., Golan, G., & Kiousis, S. (2018). The dash for gas. Journalism Studies, 19(2), 182–208. doi: 10.1080/1461670X.2016.1181528
  • Neverla, I., & Schäfer, M. S. (2012). Das Medien-Klima. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften.
  • Neville, K. J., & Weinthal, E. (2016). Scaling up site disputes: Strategies to redefine ‘local’ in the fight against fracking. Environmental Politics, 25(4), 569–592. doi: 10.1080/09644016.2016.1154124
  • Olausson, U. (2011). “We’re the ones to blame”: Citizens’ representations of climate change and the role of the media. Environmental Communication, 5(3), 281–299. doi: 10.1080/17524032.2011.585026
  • Olive, A., & Delshad, A. B. (2017). Fracking and framing: A comparative analysis of media coverage of hydraulic fracturing in Canadian and US newspapers. Environmental Communication, 11(6), 784–799. doi: 10.1080/17524032.2016.1275734
  • Oliveira, E., Duarte Melo, A., Melo, A. D., & Gonçalves, G. (2016). Strategic communication for non-profit organisations: Challenges and alternative approaches. Wilmington, DE: Vernon Press.
  • Oltmann, S. (2016). Qualitative interviews: A methodological discussion of the interviewer and respondent contexts. FQS – Forum Qualitative Sozialforschung, 17(2), Art. 15. doi: 10.17169/fqs-17.2.2551
  • Parker, I. (1987). ‘Social representations’: Social psychology’s (mis)use of sociology. Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour, 17(4), 447–469. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-5914.1987.tb00108.x
  • Partridge, T., Thomas, M., Harthorn, B. H., Pidgeon, N., Hasell, A., Stevenson, L., & Enders, C. (2017). Seeing futures now: Emergent US and UK views on shale development, climate change and energy systems. Global Environmental Change, 42, 1–12. doi: 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2016.11.002
  • Pasquaré, F. A., & Oppizzi, P. (2012). How do the media affect public perception of climate change and geohazards? An Italian case study. Global and Planetary Change, 90–91, 152–157. doi: 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2011.05.010
  • Potterf, J. E. (2014). Framing fracking: Media coverage of unconventional oil and gas development in South Texas (Master thesis). Utah State University, Logan, UT. Retrieved from https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/4263
  • Remus, N., & Rademacher, L. (Eds.). (2018). Handbuch NGO-Kommunikation. Wiesbaden: Springer. doi: 10.1007/978-3-531-18808-9
  • Rosa, A. S. de (Ed.). (2016). Social representations in the ‘social arena’. Oxfordshire: Routledge.
  • Sarge, M. A., van Dyke, M. S., King, A. J., & White, S. R. (2015). Selective perceptions of hydraulic fracturing. Politics and the Life Sciences: The Journal of the Association for Politics and the Life Sciences, 34(1), 57–72. doi: 10.1017/pls.2015.6
  • Schirrmeister, M. (2014). Controversial futures—Discourse analysis on utilizing the “fracking” technology in Germany. European Journal of Futures Research, 2(1), 38. doi: 10.1007/s40309-014-0038-5
  • Short, D., & Szolucha, A. (2017). Fracking Lancashire: The planning process, social harm and collective trauma. Geoforum; Journal of Physical, Human, and Regional Geosciences, 98, 264–276. doi: 10.1016/j.geoforum.2017.03.001
  • Singleton, R., Winskell, K., Nkambule-Vilakati, S., & Sabben, G. (2018). Young Africans’ social representations of rape in their HIV-related creative narratives, 2005–2014: Rape myths and alternative narratives. Social Science & Medicine, 198, 112–120. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2017.12.032
  • Skillington, T. (2016). Defending the ‘public Interest’: An Assessment of competing actor representations of ‘solutions’ to growing natural resource Deficiencies. Papers on Social Representations, 25(1), 3.1–3.28. Retrieved from https://cora.ucc.ie/handle/10468/3442
  • Spiller, R. (2018). NGO-Kampagnen. In N. Remus & L. Rademacher (Eds.), Handbuch NGO-Kommunikation (pp. 98–112). Wiesbaden: Springer. doi: 10.1007/978-3-531-18808-9_7
  • Steger, T., & Drehobl, A. (2018). The anti-fracking movement in Ireland: Perspectives from the media and activists. Environmental Communication, 12(3), 344–356. doi: 10.1080/17524032.2017.1392333
  • Thrall, T. A. (2006). The myth of the outside strategy: Mass media news coverage of interest groups. Political Communication, 23(4), 407–420. doi: 10.1080/10584600600976989
  • Upham, P., Lis, A., Riesch, H., & Stankiewicz, P. (2015). Addressing social representations in socio-technical transitions with the case of shale gas. Environmental Innovation and Societal Transitions, 16, 120–141. doi: 10.1016/j.eist.2015.01.004
  • Veenstra, A. S., Lyons, B. A., & Fowler-Dawson, A. (2016). Conservatism vs. conservationism: Differential influences of social identities on beliefs about fracking. Environmental Communication, 10(3), 322–336. doi: 10.1080/17524032.2015.1127851
  • Vourvachis, P., & Woodward, T. (2015). Content analysis in social and environmental reporting research: Trends and challenges. Journal of Applied Accounting Research, 16(2), 166–195. doi: 10.1108/JAAR-04-2013-0027
  • Wagner, W., Duveen, G., Farr, R., Jovchelovitch, S., Lorenzi-Cioldi, F., Marková, I., & Rose, D. (1999). Theory and method of social representations. Asian Journal of Social Psychology, 2(1), 95–125. doi: 10.1111/1467-839X.00028

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.