A “hardening of lines”: landscape, religion and identity in northern Kenya

References

• Asmarom , Legesse. 2000 . Oromo Democracy: An Indigenous African Political System , Lawrenceville, NJ : Red Sea Press .
   Google Scholar
• Bassi M. “Power's Ambiguity or the Political Significance of Gada.” Being and Becoming Oromo: Historical and Anthropological Enquiries P.T.W. Baxter J. Hultin A. Triulzi 150 61 Laurenceville, NJ Red Sea Press 1996
   Google Scholar
• Baxter P.T.W. “Boran Generation-sets and Generation-sets: Gada a Puzzle or a Maze?” Age, Generation and Time: Some Features of East African Age Organization P.T.W. Baxter U. Almagor 151 82 London C. Hurst 1978
   Google Scholar
• Berman B. “Ethnicity, Patronage and the African State: The Politics of Uncivil Nationalism.” African Affairs 97 388 1998 305 41
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fabian , J. 1983 . Time and the Other: How Anthropology Makes its Object , New York : Columbia University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Fratkin E. E.A. Roth As Pastoralists Settle: Social, Health and Economic Consequences of Pastoral Sedentarization in Marsabit District, Kenya New York Kluwer 2005
   Google Scholar
• Galaty J.G. “Time, Terror and Pastoral Inertia: Sedentarization and Conflict in Northern Kenya.” As Pastoralists Settle: Social, Health and Economic Consequences of Pastoral Sedentarization in Marsabit District, Kenya E. Fratkin E.A. Roth 53 68 New York Kluwer 2005
   Google Scholar
• Gufu Oba “Shifting Identities along Resource Borders: Becoming and Continuing to be Boorana Oromo.” Being and Becoming Oromo: Historical and Anthropological Enquiries P.T.W. Baxter J. Hultin A. Triulzi 117 31 Laurenceville, NJ Red Sea Press 1995
   Google Scholar
• Iliffe , J. 1979 . A Modern History of Tanganyika , Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Ingold , T. 2000 . The Perception of the Environment: Essays on Livelihood, Dwelling and Skill , London : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Ingold , T. 2007 . Lines: A Brief History , London : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Leus , T. 1995 . Borana Dictionary: A Borana Book for the Study of Language and Culture , Schindel : W. S. D. Grafisch Centrum .
   Google Scholar
• Obama Barack , Dreams from My Father: A Story of Race and Inheritance Edinburgh Canongate Books Ltd 2008
   Google Scholar
• Massey , D. 2005 . For Space , London : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• Mwangi , G.O. 2006 . Kenya: Conflict in the ‘Badlands’: The Turbi Massacre in Marsabit District . Review of African Political Economy , 33 ( 107 ) : 81 – 91 .
   Google Scholar
• Robinson P. “Gabbra Nomadic Pastoralism in Nineteenth and Twentieth Century Northern Kenya” PhD diss., Northwestern University 1985
   Google Scholar
• Schlee G. “Ritual Topography and Ecological Use: The Gabbra of the Kenyan/Ethiopian Borderlands.” In Bush Base: Forest Farm D. Parkin E. Croll 110 28 London, New York Routledge 1992
   Google Scholar
• Schlee G. Identities on the Move: Clanship and Pastoralism in Northern Kenya Nairobi Gideon S. Were Press Münster, Hamburg, London: Lit-Verlag 1994 Originally published Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1989
   Google Scholar
• Schlee G. “Gada Systems on the Meta-Ethnic Level: Gabbra/Boran/Garre Interactions in the Kenyan/Ethiopian Borderland.” Conflict, Age and Power in North East Africa: Age Systems in Transition E. Kurimoto S. Simonse 121 46 Oxford James Currey 1998
   Google Scholar
• Schlee , G. 2007 . Brothers of the Boran Once Again: On the Fading Popularity of Certain Somali Identities in Northern Kenya . Journal of Eastern African Studies , 1 ( 3 ) : 417 – 35 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schlee G. “Ethnopolitics and Gabra Origins.” Max Planck Institute for Social Anthropology Working Papers, no. 103 2008 http://www.eth.mpg.de/pubs/wps/pdf/mpi-eth-working-paper-0103.pdf (accessed April 2009)
   Google Scholar
• Schoffeleers J.M. Guardians of the Land: Essays on Central African Territorial Cults Gweru Mambo Press 1979
   Google Scholar
• Sobania N.W. “Pastoralist Migration and Colonial Policy: A Case Study from Northern Kenya.” In The Ecology of Survival: Case Studies from Northeast African History D.H. Johnson D.M. Anderson 219 40 London Lester Crook Boulder, CO: Westview Press 1988
   Google Scholar
• Spear T. R. Waller Being Maasai: Ethnicity and Identity in East Africa Oxford James Currey 1993
   Google Scholar
• Spear , T. 2003 . Neo-traditionalism and the Limits of Invention in British Colonial Africa . Journal of African History , 44 : 3 – 27 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tablino , P. 1999 . The Gabra: Camel Nomads of Northern Kenya , Nairobi : Paulines Publications Africa .
   Google Scholar
• Tablino , P. 2004 . Christianity among the Nomads , Vol. I , Nairobi : Paulines Publications Africa .
   Google Scholar
• Tablino , P. 2006 . Christianity among the Nomads , Vol. II , Nairobi : Paulines Publications Africa .
   Google Scholar
• Turton , D. 1997 . War and Ethnicity: Global Connections and Local Violence in North-east Africa and Former Yugoslavia . Oxford Development Studies , 25 ( 1 ) : 77 – 94 .
   Google Scholar
• Watson , E.E. 2003 . Examining the Potential of Indigenous Institutions for Development: A Perspective from Borana . Development and Change , 34 ( 2 ) : 287 – 309 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Watson , E.E. 2009 . Living Terraces in Ethiopia: Konso Landscape, Culture and Development , Oxford : James Currey .
   Google Scholar
• Wood , J.C. 2000 . The Similarities of Difference: Symbolic Reversals among East Africa's Gabra and their Neighbours . Northeast African Studies , 7 ( 3 ) : 59 – 84 .
   Google Scholar
• Wood J.C. “Roads to Nowhere: Nomadic Understandings of Space and Ethnicity.” Changing Identifications and Alliances in Northeast Africa G. Schlee E.E. Watson 225 40 Oxford Berghahn 2009
   Google Scholar