Reproducing the state? Organising primary education between state and non-state actors in Somaliland

Bibliography

• Abdi, A. “Education in Somalia: History, Destruction, and Calls for Reconstruction.” Comparative Education 34, no. 3 (1998): 327–340. doi:10.1080/03050069828171.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abdinoor, A. S. “Constructing Education in a Stateless Society: The Case of Somalia.” PhD diss., Ohio University, 2007.
   Google Scholar
• Africa Watch. Somalia: A Government at War with its Own People: Testimonies About the Killings and the Conflict in the North. New York: The Africa Watch Committee, 1990.
   Google Scholar
• Ahmed, Mohammed Dahir. “Somaliland: Keep Ideology Out of k-12 Education.” International Digest, August 18. Accessed August 24, 2017. http://intpolicydigest.org/2016/08/18/somaliland-keep-ideology-out-of-k-12-education/, 2016.
   Google Scholar
• Bekalo, S. A., M. Brophy, and A. G. Welford. “The Development of Education in Post-Conflict ‘Somaliland.’” International Journal of Educational Development 23 (2003): 459–475. doi:10.1016/S0738-0593(03)00016-6.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boege, V., A. Brown, K. Clements, and A. Nolan. On Hybrid Political Orders and Emerging States. Berlin: Berghof Research Centre for Constructive Conflict Management, Working Paper, 2008.
   Google Scholar
• Bourdieu, P. Language and Symbolic Power. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1991.
   Google Scholar
• Bradbury, M. Becoming Somaliland. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2008.
   Google Scholar
• Brown, T. Final Synthesis Report for the Joint Review of the Education Sector, Somaliland 2015. Global Partnership for Education. Accessed August 24, 2017. https://www.globalpartnership.org/content/report-joint-sector-review-somaliland-somalia-2015, 2015.
   Google Scholar
• Clements, K., V. Boege, A. Brown, W. Foley, and A. Nolan. “State Building Reconsidered: The Role of Hybridity in the Formation of Political Order.” Political Science 54, no. 1 (2007): 45–56. doi:10.1177/003231870705900106.
   Google Scholar
• Compagnon, D. “Somali Armed Movements: The Interplay of Political Entrepreneurship and Clan-Based Factions.” In African Guerrillas, edited by Christopher Clapham, 73–90. Oxford: University Press, 1998.
   Google Scholar
• De Herdt, T., and K. Titeca. “Governance with Empty Pockets: The Education Sector in the Democratic Republic of Congo.” Development and Change 47, no. 3 (2016): 472–494. doi: 10.1111/dech.12235
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eubank, N. Peace-Building without External Assistance: Lessons from Somaliland, Center for Global Development, Working Paper 198, 2010.
   Google Scholar
• Gupta, A. “Blurred Boundaries: The Discourse or Corruption, the Culture of Politics, and the Imagined State.” American Ethnologist 22, no. 2 (1995): 375–402. doi:10.1525/ae.1995.22.2.02a00090.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hagmann, T., and M. Hoehne. “Failures of the State Failure Debate: Evidence from the Somali Territories.” Journal of International Development 21, no. 1 (2009): 42–57. doi:10.1002/jid.1482.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hagmann, T., and D. Peclard. “Negotiating Statehood: Dynamics of Power and Domination in Post-Colonial Africa.” Development and Change 41, no. 4 (2010): 539–562. doi:10.1111/j.1467-7660.2010.01656.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hallet, T. “Symbolic Power and Organizational Culture.” Sociological Theory 21, no. 2 (2003): 128–149. doi:10.1111/1467-9558.00181.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hassan, M. S., and S. M. Robleh. “Islamic Revival and Education in Somalia.” In Educational Strategies Among Muslims in the Context of Globalization: Some National Case Studies, edited by H. Daun and G Walford, 141–163. Leiden: Brill.
   Google Scholar
• Hoehne, M. Diasporic Engagement in the Educational Sector in Post-conflict Somaliland: A Contribution to Peacebuilding, Diaspeace, Working Paper 5, 2010.
   Google Scholar
• Hoehne, M. “Education and Peace-Building in Post-Conflict Somaliland: The Role of the Diaspora in a ‘Fragile’ de Facto State.” In Education in Fragile Contexts: Government Practices and Challenges, edited by H. Weiland, K. Priwitzer, and J. Philipps, 75–103. Freiburg: Arnold Bergstraesser Institut, 2011.
   Google Scholar
• Hoehne, M. “Limits of Hybrid Political Orders: The Case of Somaliland.” Journal of Eastern African Studies 7, no. 2 (2013): 199–217. doi:10.1080/17531055.2013.776279.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoehne, M. Traditional Authorities in Northern Somalia: Transformation of Positions and Powers. Max Planck Institute for Social Anthropology, Working Paper 82, 2006.
   Google Scholar
• Hoehne, M., and M. Ibrahim. “Rebuilding Somaliland through Economic and Educational Management.” In Diasporas, Development and Peacemaking in the Horn of Africa, edited by L. Laakso and P. Hautaniemi, 53–76. London: Zed Books, 2014.
   Google Scholar
• Ingiriis, M. H. The Suicidal State in Somalia: The Rise and Fall of the Siad Barre Regime, 1969–1991. Lanham: University Press of America, 2016.
   Google Scholar
• Lindley, A. “Transnational Connections and Education in the Somali Context.” Journal of Eastern African Studies 2, no. 3 (2008): 401–414. doi:10.1080/17531050802401767.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Loveman, M. “The Modern State and Primitive Accumulation of Symbolic Power.” American Journal of Sociology 110, no. 6 (2005): 1651–1683. doi:0002-9602/2005/11006-0003 doi: 10.1086/428688
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lund, C. “Twilight Institutions: Public Authority and Local Politics in Africa.” Development and Change 37, no. 4 (2006): 658–705. doi:10.1111/j.1467-7660.2006.00497.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meagher, K., T. De Herdt, and K. Titeca. “Unravelling Public Authority. Paths of Hybrid Governance in Africa.” IS Academy Research Brief 10 (2014): 1–8.
   Google Scholar
• Menkhaus, K. “Governance Without Government in Somalia: Spoilers, State Building, and the Politics of Coping.” International Security 31, no. 3 (2006): 74–106. doi:10.1162/isec.2007.31.3.74.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Michell, T. “Society, Economy, and the State Effect.” In State/Culture: State Formation after the Cultural Turn, edited by G Steinmetz, 76–97. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1999.
   Google Scholar
• Migdal, J. “The State in Society: An Approach to Struggles for Domination.” In State Power and Social Forces: Domination and Transformation in the Thirds World, edited by J. Migdal, A. Kohli, and V. Shue, 7–36. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994.
   Google Scholar
• Migdal, J., and K. Schlichte. “Rethinking the State.” In The Dynamics of States: the Formation and Crises of State Domination, edited by J. Migdal and K. Schlichte, 1–40. Aldershot and Burlington: Ashgate, 2005.
   Google Scholar
• Ministry of Education and Higher Education. Education Statistics Yearbook 2014/15. Ministry of Education and Higher Education, Republic of Somaliland, 2016.
   Google Scholar
• Ministry of Education and Higher Education. National Education Act 2013. Ministry of Education and Higher Education, Republic of Somaliland, 2013. Unpublished, received through Ministry of Education and Higher Education.
   Google Scholar
• Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports. The Education Statistical Year Book, 1987/88, 1991/92, 1992/93. Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports, Republic of Somaliland, 1993. Unpublished, received through Ministry of Education and Higher Education.
   Google Scholar
• Ministry of Finance. Budget 2017. Republic of Somaliland: Ministry of Finance, 2016.
   Google Scholar
• Ministry of National Planning and Development. Somaliland in Figures. 7th ed. Republic of Somaliland: Ministry of National Planning and Development, 2010.
   Google Scholar
• Ministry of National Planning and Development. Somaliland in Figures. 13th ed. Republic of Somaliland: Ministry of National Planning and Development, 2016.
   Google Scholar
• Mitchell, T. “The Limits of the State: Beyond Statist Approaches and their Critics.” The American Political Science Review 85, no. 1 (1991): 77–96. doi:10.2307/1962879 doi: 10.1017/S0003055400271451
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moe, L. W. “Hybrid and ‘Everyday’ Political Ordering: Constructing and Contesting Legitimacy in Somaliland.” Journal of Legal Pluralism and Unofficial Law 43, no. 63 (2011). doi:10.1080/07329113.2011.10756660.
   Google Scholar
• Morah, E. “Old Institutions, New Opportunities: The Emerging Nature of Koranic Schools in Somaliland in the 1990s.” International Journal of Educational Development 20, no. 4 (2000): 305–322. doi: 10.1016/S0738-0593(99)00076-0
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mukhtar, M. H. Historical Dictionary of Somalia. New edition. Lanham, MD: The Scarecrow press, 2003.
   Google Scholar
• Nandy, A. “The Politics of Secularism and the Recovery of Religious Tolerance.” In Mirrors of Violence: Communities, Riots and Survivors in South Asia, edited by D Veena, 69–93. Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1990.
   Google Scholar
• Olivier de Sardan, J.-P. Researching Practical Norms of Real Governance in Africa. Africa, Power and Politics, Discussion Paper 5, 2008.
   Google Scholar
• Raeymaekers, T., K. Menkhaus, and K. Vlassenroot. “State and Non-State Regulation in African Protracted Crisis: Governance without Government.” Afrika Focus 21, no. 2 (2008): 7–21. doi:10.21825/af.v21i2.5045.
   Google Scholar
• Renders, M., and U. Terlinden. “Negotiating Statehood in a Hybrid Political Order: The Case of Somaliland.” Development & Change 41, no. 4 (2010): 723–746. doi:10.1111/j.1467-7660.2010.01652.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Somaliland National Examination and Certification Board. Grade 8 and form 4 Exam Report 2017. Somaliland National Examination and Certification Board, Republic of Somaliland, 2017.
   Google Scholar
• The Economist. “Somalia: Most Failed State.” The Economist, September 10. Accessed December 20, 2017. https://www.economist.com/news/middle-east-and-africa/21706522-twenty-five-years-chaos-horn-africa-most-failed-state, 2016.
   Google Scholar
• Titeca, K., and T. De Herdt. “Real Governance Beyond the ‘Failed State’: Negotiating Education in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.” African Affairs 110, no. 439 (2011): 1–19. doi:10.1093/afraf/adr005.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Titeca, K., T. De Herdt, and I. Wagemakers. “God and Caesar in the Democratic Republic of Congo: Negotiating Church-State Relations through the Management of School Fees in Kinshasa’s Catholic Schools.” Review of African Political Economy 40, no. 135 (2013): 115–130. doi: 10.1080/03056244.2012.761963
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walls, M., and S. Kibble. “Beyond Polarity: Negotiating a Hybrid State in Somaliland.” Africa Spectrum 45, no. 1 (2010): 31–56. doi: 10.1177/000203971004500102
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• War-torn Societies Project. Rebuilding Somaliland: Issues and Possibilities. Lawrenceville: The Red Sea Press, 2005.
   Google Scholar
• Weber, M. The Theory of Social and Economic Organization. New York: The Free Press, 1947.
   Google Scholar
• Williams, J. H., and W. C. Cummings. “Education from the Bottom Up: UNICEF’s Education Programme in Somalia.” International Peacekeeping 22, no. 4 (2015): 419–434. doi:10.1080/13533312.2015.1059284.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• World Bank. “Budget Policy: Transitioning from State Building to Development.” Conference paper presented at The Somaliland Economic Conference, Hargeisa, January 29, 2014.
   Google Scholar