Humanitarian spill-over: the expansion of hybrid humanitarian governance from camps to refugee hosting societies in East Africa

Bibliography

• Agamben, Giorgio. State of Exception. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2005.
   Google Scholar
• Agamben, Giorgio. Homo Sacer: Sovereign Power and Bare Life. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1998.
   Google Scholar
• Agier, Michel, and Francoise Bouchet-Saulnier. “Humanitarian Spaces: Spaces of Exception.” In In the Shadows of ‘Just Wars’: Violence, Politics and Humanitarian Action, edited by Fabrice Weissman, 297–313. New York: Cornell University Press, 2004.
   Google Scholar
• Agier, Michel. “Humanity as an Identity and its Political Effects (a Note on Camps and Humanitarian Government).” Humanity: An International Journal of Human Rights, Humanitarianism, and Development 1, no. 1 (2010): 29–45.
   Google Scholar
• Agier, Michel. Managing the Undesirables: Refugee Camps and Humanitarian Government. Cambridge: Polity Press, 2011.
   Google Scholar
• Agier, Michel. Un Monde de Camps. Paris: La Découverte, 2014.
   Google Scholar
• Alix-Garcia, Jennifer, and David Saah. “The Effect of Refugee Inflows on Host Communities: Evidence from Tanzania.” The World Bank Economic Review 24, no. 1 (2009): 148–170.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andersen, Louise Riis. “Statebuilding as Tacit Trusteeship: The Case of Liberia.” In Statebuilding and State-Formation. The Political Sociology of Intervention, edited by Berit Bliesemann de Guevarra, 132–148. New York: Routledge, 2012.
   Google Scholar
• Aukot, Ekiru. “It Is Better to Be a Refugee Than a Turkana in Kakuma: Revisiting the Relationship Between Hosts and Refugees in Kenya.” Refuge 21, no. 3 (2003): 73–83.
   Google Scholar
• Barnett, Michael. “Humanitarian Governance.” Annual Review of Political Science 16 (2013): 379–398.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barnett, Michael. Paternalism Beyond Borders. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2016.
   Google Scholar
• Bauman, Zygmunt. Wasted Lives, Modernity and Its Outcasts. Cambridge: Polity Press, 2004.
   Google Scholar
• Berry, Leah. “The Impact of Environmental Degradation on Refugee-Host Relations: A Case Study from Tanzania.” New Issues in Refugee Research 151 (2008).
   Google Scholar
• Betts, Alexander, Louise Bloom, Josiah Kaplan, and Naohiko Omata. Refugee Economies. Rethinking Popular Assumptions. Oxford: Refugee Studies Centre, 2014.
   Google Scholar
• Brankamp, Hanno. “Refugees in Uniform: Community Policing as a Technology of Government in Kakuma Refugee Camp, Kenya.” Journal of Eastern African Studies 14, no. 2 (2020): 270–290.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Bruijne, Milou. “Negotiating Borders of Exception. Humanitarian Spill-Overs and Refugee Hosting Communities in Kasulu District, North-Western Tanzania.” MSc Thesis, Wageningen University, Netherlands, 2017.
   Google Scholar
• Büscher, Karen, and Koen Vlassenroot. “Humanitarian Presence and Urban Development: New Opportunities and Contrasts in Goma, DRC.” Disasters 34, no. S2 (2010): S256−S273.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ckarr, Claudia J. River Basin Development and Human Rights in Eastern Africa. A Policy Crossroads. Springer Open, 2017.
   Google Scholar
• Chambers, Robert. “Hidden Losers? The Impact of Rural Refugees and Refugee Programs on Poorer Hosts.” International Migration Review 20, no. 2 (1986): 245–263.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chaulia, Sreeram S. “The Politics of Refugee Hosting in Tanzania: From Open Door to Unsustainability, Insecurity and Receding Receptivity.” Journal of Refugee Studies 16, no. 2 (2003): 147–166.
   Google Scholar
• Chkam, Hakim. “Aid and the Perpetuation of Refugee Camps: The Case of Dadaab in Kenya 1991–2011.” Refugee Survey Quarterly 35, no. 2 (2016): 79–97.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crisp, Jeff. “A State of Insecurity: The Political Economy of Violence in Kenya’s Refugee Camps.” African Affairs 99 (2000): 601–632.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Enghoff, Martin, Bente Hansen, Abdi Umar, Bjørn Gildestad, Matthew Owen, and Alex Obara. In Search of Protection and Socio-Economic and Environmental Impacts of Dadaab Refugee Camps on Host Communities. Nairobi: Royal Danish Embassy, 2010.
   Google Scholar
• Feldman, Ilona. “Humanitarian Refusals: Palestinian Refugees and Ethnographic Perspectives on Paternalism.” In Paternalism Beyond Borders, edited by Michael Barnett, 292–315. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2016.
   Google Scholar
• Fellesson, Måns. “From Roll-Out to Reverse: Understanding Tanzania’s Withdrawal from the Comprehensive Refugee Response Framework (CRRF).” Journal of Refugee Studies (Advance Access) (2019). doi:10.1093/jrs/fez055.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fresia, Marion, and Andreas Von Känel. “Beyond Space of Exception? Reflections in the Camp Through the Prism of Refugee Schools.” Journal of Refugee Studies 29, no. 2 (2015): 250–272.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harrell-Bond, Barbara. Imposing aid: Emergency Assistance to Refugees. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1986.
   Google Scholar
• Hyndman, Jennifer. Managing Displacement: Refugees and the Politics of Humanitarianism. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2000.
   Google Scholar
• Jacobsen, Karen. The Economic Life of Refugees. Bloomfield: Kumarian Press, 2005.
   Google Scholar
• Janmyr, Maja, and Are J. Knudsen. “Introduction: Hybrid Spaces.” Humanity: An International Journal of Human Rights, Humanitarianism, and Development 7, no. 3 (2016): 391–395.
   Google Scholar
• Jansen, Bram J. Kakuma Refugee Camp. Humanitarian Urbanism in Kenya’s Accidental City. London: Zed, 2018.
   Google Scholar
• Kagwanja, Peter M., and Monica K. Juma. “Somali Refugees: Protracted Exile and Shifting Security Frontiers.” In Protracted Refugee Situations. Political, Human Rights and Security Implications, edited by Gil Loescher, James Milner, Edward Newman, and Gary Troeller, 214–247. New York: United Nations University Press, 2008.
   Google Scholar
• Landau, Loren B. The Humanitarian Hangover: Displacement, aid, and Transformation in Western Tanzania. Johannesburg: Wits University Press, 2008.
   Google Scholar
• Lefebvre, Henry. The Production of Space. Oxford: Blackwell, 1991.
   Google Scholar
• Lindley, Anne. “Between a Protracted and a Crisis Situation: Policy Responses to Somali Refugees in Kenya.” Refugee Survey Quarterly 30, no. 4 (2011): 14–49.
   Google Scholar
• Loescher, Gil, and James Milner. “A Framework for Responding to Protracted Refugee Situations.” In Protracted Refugee Situations: Political, Human Rights and Security Implecations, edited by Gil Loescher, James Milner, Edward Newman, and Gary Troeller, 20–42. New York: United Nations University Press, 2008.
   Google Scholar
• Malkki, Liisa H. “Refugees and Exile: From ‘Refugee Studies’ to the National Order of Things.” Annual Review of Anthropology 24, no. 1 (1995): 495–523.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martin, Diana. “From Spaces of Exception to ‘Campscapes’: Palestinian Refugee Camps and Informal Settlements in Beirut.” Political Geography 44 (2015): 9–18.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Massey, Doreen. For Space. London: Sage, 2005.
   Google Scholar
• Meiches, Benjamin. “A Political Ecology of the Camp.” Security Dialogue 46, no. 5 (2015): 476–492.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Milner, James. “Two Steps Forward, One Step Back: Understanding the Shifting Politics of Refugee Policy in Tanzania.” New Issues in Refugee Research 255 (2013.
   Google Scholar
• Minca, Claudio. “Geographies of the Camp.” Political Geography 49 (2015): 74–83.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morel, Michèle. “The Lack of Refugee Burden-Sharing in Tanzania: Tragic Effects.” Africa Focus 22, no. 1 (2009): 107–114.
   Google Scholar
• Newhouse, Leonie S. “More Than Mere Survival: Violence, Humanitarian Governance, and Practical Material Politics in a Kenyan Refugee Camp.” Environment and Planning A 47, no. 11 (2015): 2292–2307.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oesch, Lucas. “The Refugee Camp as a Space of Multiple Ambiguities and Subjectivities.” Political Geography 60 (2017): 110–120.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oka, Rahul. “Unlikely Cities in the Desert: The Informal Economy as Causal Agent for Permanent ‘Urban’ Sustainability in Kakuma Refugee Camp, Kenya.” Urban Anthropology 40, no. 3–4 (2011): 223–262.
   Google Scholar
• Otha, Itharu. “Coexisting with Cultural ‘Others’: Social Relationships Between the Turkana and the Refugees at Kakuma, Northwest Kenya.” In Pastoralists and Their Neighbors in Asia and Africa, edited by Ikeya Kazunobu and Elliot Fratkin, 227–239. Osaka: National Museum of Ethnology, 2005.
   Google Scholar
• Sanghi, Apurva, Harun Onder, and Varalakshmi Veremu. “Yes” in my Backyard? The Economics of Refugees and Their Social Dynamics in Kakuma, Kenya. Washington, DC: World Bank, 2016.
   Google Scholar
• Sigona, Nando. “Campzenship: Re-Imagining the Camp as a Social and Political Space.” Citizenship Studies 19, no. 1 (2015): 1–15.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smirl, Lisa. Spaces of Aid: How Cars, Compounds and Hotels Shape Humanitarianism. London: Zed Books, 2015.
   Google Scholar
• Turner, Simon. The Barriers of Innocence: Humanitarian Intervention and Political Imagination in a Refugee Camp for Burundians in Tanzania. Denmark: Roskilde University, 2001.
   Google Scholar
• Turner, Simon. “Under the Gaze of the ‘Big Nations’: Refugees, Rumours and the International Community in Tanzania.” African Affairs 103, no. 411 (2004): 227–247.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Turner, Simon. “What is a Refugee Camp? Explorations of the Limits and Effects of the Camp.” Journal of Refugee Studies 29, no. 2 (2015): 139–148.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• UNDP. Tanzania Human Development Report 2014. Economic Transformation for Human Development. Dar es Salaam: United Nations Development Programme UNDP, 2014.
   Google Scholar
• UNHCR. “Refugee Response Coordination.” 2017. http://www.unhcr.org/54f6cb129.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• UNHCR. “Burundi Regional Refugee Response Plan.” April–September 2015. http://www.unhcr.org/partners/donors/555f1dfe9/burundi-regional-refugee-response-plan-april-september-2015-22-2015.html.
   Google Scholar
• UNHCR. Kenya Comprehensive Refugee Programme. Nairobi: UNHCR Kenya, 2016.
   Google Scholar
• UNCHR. “Burundi Regional Refugee Response Plan.” January–December 2017. http://www.unhcr.org/partners/donors/5894977c7/2017-burundi-regional-refugee-response-plan-january-december-2017-22-december.html.
   Google Scholar
• UNICEF. “Final Report. Evaluation of Tanzania UNDAP 2011–2016.” 2015. https://www.unicef.org/evaldatabase/files/Final_UNDAP_Evaluation_Report_2011-2016_Tanzania_2015-007.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Vemuru, Varalakshmi, Rahul Oka, Rieti Gengo, and Lee Gettler. Refugee Impacts on Turkana Hosts. Washington, DC: World Bank, 2016.
   Google Scholar
• Waters, Tony. “Assessing the Impact of the Rwandan Refugee Crisis on Development Planning in Rural Tanzania, 1994–1996.” Human Organization 58, no. 2 (1999): 142–152.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weizman, Eyel. The Least of all Possible Evils. Humanitarian Violence from Arendt to Gaza. London: Verso, 2011.
   Google Scholar
• Whitaker, Beth E. “Refugees in Western Tanzania: The Distribution of Burdens and Benefits Among Local Hosts.” Journal of Refugee Studies 15, no. 4 (2002): 339–358.
   Google Scholar
• Williams, Jill M. “From Humanitarian Exceptionalism to Contingent Care: Care and Enforcement at the Humanitarian Border.” Political Geography 47 (2015): 11–20.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar