136
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

The electoral strategies of ethnic socio-cultural associations in former Katanga province, the Democratic Republic of Congo (2006–2019)

Pages 495-514 | Received 15 Nov 2017, Accepted 22 Dec 2022, Published online: 30 Jan 2023

Bibliography

  • Bakajika, Thomas B. Épuration ethnique en Afrique: Les “Kasaïens” (Katanga 1961–Shaba 1992). Paris: L’Harmattan, 1997.
  • Bakajika, Thomas B. Partis & société civile du Congo/Zaïre: La démocratie en crise 1956–65 & 1990–97. Paris: L’Harmattan, 2004.
  • Basedau, Matthias, and Alexander Stroh. “How Ethnic Are African Parties Really? Evidence from Four Francophone Countries.” International Political Science Review 33, no. 1 (2011): 5–24.
  • Bayart, Jean-François. L’Etat en Afrique: La politique du ventre. Paris: Fayard, 2006.
  • Berman, Bruce. “Ethnicity, Patronage and the African State: The Politics of Uncivil Nationalism.” African Affairs 97, no. 388 (1998): 305–341.
  • Berman, Bruce. Ethnicity and Democracy in Africa. Working Paper, No. 22. Tokyo: JICA Research Institute, 2010.
  • Birch, Anthony H. The Concepts and Theories of Modern Democracy. Abingdon: Routledge, 2007.
  • Bogaards, Matthijs. “Electoral Systems, Party Systems and Ethnicity in Africa.” In Votes, Money and Violence: Political Parties and Elections in Sub-Saharan Africa, edited by Matthias Basedau, Gero Erdmann, and Andreas Mehler, 168–193. Uppsala: Nordiska Afrikainstitutet, 2007.
  • Bogaards, Matthijs, Matthias Basedau, and Christof Hartmann. “Ethnic Party Bans in Africa: An Introduction.” Democratization 17, no. 4 (2010): 599–617.
  • Bratton, Michael, and Nicolas Van de Walle. “Neopatrimonial Regimes and Political Transitions in Africa.” World Politics 46, no. 4 (1994): 453–489.
  • Bustin, Edouard. Lunda Under Belgian Rule: The Politics of Ethnicity. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1975.
  • Ceuppens, Bambi, and Peter Geschiere. “Autochthony: Local or Global? New Modes in the Struggle Over Citizenship and Belonging in Africa and Europe.” Annual Review of Anthropology 34 (2005): 385–407.
  • Cheeseman, Nic. Democracy in Africa: Successes, Failures, and the Struggle for Political Reform. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2015.
  • Dibwe Dia Mwembu, Donatien, and Marcel Ngandu Mutombo. Vivre Ensemble au Katanga. Paris: L’Harmattan, 2005.
  • Djoli Eseng’Ekeli, Jacques. “Les partis politiques dans l’évolution politique et constitutionnelle congolaise de 1960 à 2010: Au cœur de la crise existentielle de l’Etat.” Congo-Afrique 447 (2010): 593–618.
  • Doherty, Ivan. “Democracy Out of Balance: Civil Society Can’t Replace Political Parties.” Policy Review 106 (2001): 25–35.
  • Elischer, Sebastian. Political Parties in Africa: Ethnicity and Party Formation. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2013.
  • Englebert, Pierre, and Kevin C. Dunn. Inside African Politics. Boulder: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 2013.
  • Englebert, Pierre. “Congo’s 2018 Elections: An Analysis of Implausible Results.” African Arguments (2019). https://africanarguments.org/2019/01/drc-election-results-analysis-implausible/.
  • Englebert, Pierre, and Georges Kasongo Kalumba. “La politique au Congo au delà des élections de 2018.” In Conjonctures de l’Afrique Centrale, edited by Sahawal Alidou, Aymar Nyenyezi Bisoku, and Sara Geenen, 23–43. Paris: Musée royal de l’Afrique centrale and L’Harmattan, 2020.
  • Erdmann, Gero. “Party Research: Western European Bias and the ‘African Labyrinth’.” In Votes, Money and Violence: Political Parties and Elections in Sub-Saharan Africa, edited by Matthias Basedau, Gero Erdmann, and Andreas Mehler, 34–64. Uppsala: Nordiska Afrikainstitutet, 2007.
  • Fondation Konrad Adenauer. Les partis politiques congolais en question: Plaidoyer pour des structures durables et organisées. Kinshasa: Fondation Konrad Adenauer, 2013.
  • Fontana, Solange. “Between War and Peace: North Kivu’s Ambivalent Ethnic Associations.” Paper Presented at the Congo Research Network Conference, Oxford, 26–27 April 2018.
  • Geschiere, Peter, and Josef Gugler. “The Urban-Rural Connection: Changing Issues of Belonging and Identification.” Africa 68, no. 3 (1998): 309–319.
  • Gobbers, Erik. “Ethnic Associations in Katanga Province, the Democratic Republic of Congo: Multi-Tier System, Shifting Identities and the Relativity of Autochthony.” Journal of Modern African Studies 54, no. 2 (2016): 211–236.
  • Gobbers, Erik. “Territorial Découpage and Issues of ‘Autochthony’ in Former Katanga Province, the Democratic Republic of Congo: The Role of Urban Ethnic Associations.” Ethnopolitics 20, no. 5 (2021): 590–609.
  • Gyimah-Boadi, E. “Political Parties, Elections and Patronage: Random Thoughts on Neo-Patrimonialism and African Democratization.” In Votes, Money and Violence: Political Parties and Elections in Sub-Saharan Africa, edited by Matthias Basedau, Gero Erdmann, and Andreas Mehler, 21–33. Uppsala: Nordiska Afrikainstitutet, 2007.
  • Jené, Lisa, and Pierre Englebert. “Découpage, patronage et débauchage.” In Congo, l’état en morceaux: Politique et administration au prisme du découpage provincial, edited by Balthazar Ngoy Kimpulwa and Pierre Englebert, 143–174. Paris: Musée royal de l’Afrique centrale and L’Harmattan, 2021.
  • Kadima, Denis, David Leonard, and Anna Schmidt. “Elections and Democratization in the Democratic Republic of Congo.” Journal of African Elections 8, no. 1 (2009): 14–48.
  • Katz, Richard S., and Peter Mair. “Changing Models of Party Organization and Party Democracy.” Party Politics 1, no. 1 (1995): 5–28.
  • Kennes, Erik, and Miles Larmer. The Katangese Gendarmes and War in Central Africa. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2016.
  • Larmer, Miles. Rethinking African Politics: A History of Opposition in Zambia. Abingdon: Routledge, 2016.
  • Lemarchand, René. Political Awakening in the Congo. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1964.
  • Liddiard, Patrick. Are Political Parties in Trouble? Occasional Paper. Washington: Wilson Center, 2018.
  • Lindberg, Staffan I. “Have the Cake and Eat It: The Rational Voter in Africa.” Party Politics 19, no. 6 (2012): 945–961.
  • Lipset, Seymour M. “The Indispensability of Political Parties.” Journal of Democracy 11, no. 1 (2000): 48–55.
  • Mair, Peter. “Political Parties and Democracy: What Sort of Future?” Central European Political Science Review 4, no. 13 (2003): 6–20.
  • Mair, Peter. Democracy Beyond Parties. Working Paper 05-06. Irvine: Center for the Study of Democracy, University of California, 2005.
  • Morrison, Minion, and Jae Woo Hong. “Ghana’s Political Parties: How Ethno/Regional Variations Sustain the National Two-Party System.” Journal of Modern African Studies 44, no. 4 (2006): 623–647.
  • Mozaffar, Shaheen, and James R. Scarritt. “The Puzzle of African Party Systems.” Party Politics 11, no. 4 (2005): 399–421.
  • N’Sanda Buleli, Léonard. Ethnicité et “géopolitique” au Maniema. Paris: L’Harmattan, 2005.
  • Ojukwu, Chris C., and Felix G. Nwaorgu. “Ethnic Elite Organisation and Political Transition in Nigeria: Ohanaeze Ndigbo in Perspective.” Canadian Social Science 9, no. 1 (2013): 106–115.
  • Pitkin, Hanna F. The Concept of Representation. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1972.
  • Randall, Vicky. “Political Parties in Africa and the Representation of Social Groups.” In Votes, Money and Violence: Political Parties and Elections in Sub-Saharan Africa, edited by Matthias Basedau, Gero Erdmann, and Andreas Mehler, 82–104. Uppsala: Nordiska Afrikainstitutet, 2007.
  • Sartori, Giovanni. Parties and Party Systems: A Framework for Analysis. Colchester: ECPR Press, 2016.
  • The Carter Center. International Election Observation Mission to Democratic Republic of Congo 2006. Presidential and Legislative Elections: Final Report. Atlanta: The Carter Center, 2007.
  • The Carter Center. Presidential and Legislative Elections in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, November 28, 2011: Final Report. Atlanta: The Carter Center, 2012.
  • Van de Walle, Nicolas. “Presidentialism and Clientelism in Africa’s Emerging Party Systems.” Journal of Modern African Studies 41, no. 2 (2003): 297–321.
  • Vila-ki-Kanda, Konde. “Tribalisme et élections: l’expérience de la République Démocratique du Congo.” In Les originaires et non-originaires en République Démocratique du Congo, edited by Noël Obotela Rachidi, 195–204. Paris: L’Harmattan, 2017.
  • Vlassenroot, Koen. “Reading the Congolese Crisis.” In Conflict and Social Transformation in Eastern DR Congo, edited by Koen Vlassenroot and Timothy Raeymaekers, 39–60. Ghent: Academia Press Scientific Publishers, 2004.
  • Woods, Dwayne. “Elites, Ethnicity, and ‘Home Town’ Associations in the Côte D’Ivoire: An Historical Analysis of State-Society Links.” Africa 64, no. 4 (1994): 465–483.
  • Young, Crawford. Politics of the Congo. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1965.
  • Young, Crawford, and Thomas Turner. The Rise and Decline of the Zairian State. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1985.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.