The smart city and urban governance: the urban transformation of Barcelona, 2011–2023

References

• Bakıcı, T., E. Almirall, and J. A. Wareham. 2013. “A Smart City Initiative: The Case of Barcelona.” Journal of the Knowledge Economy 4 (2): 135–148. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13132-012-0084-9.
   Google Scholar
• Barbieri, N. 2017. “Políticas culturales en los ayuntamientos del cambio. “Hacia unas políticas públicas de lo común?” Periférica Internacional. Revista para el análisis de la cultura y el territorio, 18: 183–191. https://doi.org/10.25267/Periferica.2017.i18.13.
   Google Scholar
• Bär, L., M. Ossewaarde, and M. van Gerven. 2020. “The Ideological Justifications of the Smart City of Hamburg.” Cities 105:102811. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2020.102811.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BCC. 2014. Marc estratègic de l’ajuntament de Barcelona. Barcelona: BCC.
   Google Scholar
• BCC. 2016. Mesura de govern: Transició cap a la sobirania tecnològica: Pla “Barcelona ciutat digital”. Barcelona: BCC.
   Google Scholar
• BCC. Mesura de govern. Impuls de la innovació urbana a Barcelona (Barcelona, BCC, 2021a) <https://ajuntament.barcelona.cat/premsa/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/MdG_ImpulsInnovacioUrbana_BITHabitat.pdf> Accessed December 15, 2022.
   Google Scholar
• BCC. Mesura de govern. Superilla Barcelona per regenerar Barcelona i els seus barris (Barcelona: City of Barcelona, 2021b) <https://www.barcelona.cat/pla-superilla-barcelona/ca/pla-superilla-barcelona> Accessed January 22, 2023.
   Google Scholar
• BCC (Barcelona City Council). 2013. The Vision, Focus and Projects of the City of Barcelona in the Context of Smart Cities. Barcelona: BCC.
   Google Scholar
• Béal, V. 2009. “Politiques urbaines et dèveloppement durable: Vers un traitement entrepreneurial des probleèmes environnementaux?.” Urban Environment 3:47–63. https://doi.org/10.7202/037600ar.
   Google Scholar
• Blanco, I. 2015. “Between Democratic Network Governance and Neoliberalism: A Regime-Theoretical Analysis of Collaboration in Barcelona.” Cities 44:123–130. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2014.10.007.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blanco, I., Y. Salazar, and I. Bianchi. 2020. “Urban Governance and Political Change Under a Radical Left Government: The Case of Barcelona.” Journal of Urban Affairs 42 (1): 18–38. https://doi.org/10.1080/07352166.2018.1559648.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Borge, R., J. Balcells, and A. Padró-Solanet. 2023. “Democratic Disruption or Continuity? Analysis of the Decidim Platform in Catalan Municipalities.” The American Behavioral Scientist 67 (7): 926–939. https://doi.org/10.1177/00027642221092798.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Borge, R., and E. Santamarina Sáez. 2016. “From Protest to Political Parties: Online Deliberation in New Parties in Spain.” Media Studies 7 (14): 104–122. 104–122. https://doi.org/10.20901/ms.7.14.8.
   Google Scholar
• Bua, A., and S. Bussu. 2021. “Between Governance-Driven Democratisation and Democracy-Driven Governance: Explaining Changes in Participatory Governance in the Case of Barcelona.” European Journal of Political Research 60 (3): 716–737. https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-6765.12421.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Calzada, I. 2021. Smart City Citizenship. Elsevier https://doi.org/10.1016/C2017-0-02973-7.
   Google Scholar
• Cardullo, P., and R. Kitchin. 2019. “Being a ‘Citizen’ in the Smart City: Up and Down the Scaffold of Smart Citizen Participation in Dublin, Ireland.” GeoJournal 84 (1): 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10708-018-9845-8.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Charnock, G., H. March, and R. Ribera-Fumaz. 2021. “From Smart to Rebel City? Worlding, Provincialising and the Barcelona Model.” Urban Studies 58 (3): 581–600. https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098019872119.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Colebatch, H. K. 2014. “Making Sense of Governance.” Policy and Society 33 (4): 307–316. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polsoc.2014.10.001.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• da Cruz, N. F., P. Rode, and M. McQuarrie. 2019. “New Urban Governance: A Review of Current Themes and Future Priorities.” Journal of Urban Affairs 41 (1): 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1080/07352166.2018.1499416.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Diaz, J., M. Tomàs, and S. Lefebvre. 2021. “Are Public Makerspaces a Means to Empowering Citizens? The Case of Ateneus de Fabricació in Barcelona.” Telematics and Informatics 59:101551. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tele.2020.101551.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DiGaetano, A. and E. Strom. 2003. “Comparative Urban Governance: An Integrated Approach.” Urban Affairs Review 38 (3): 356–395. https://doi.org/10.1177/1078087402238806.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Douay, N., and C. Lamker. 2022. “New Technologies, New Tools, New Organisation of the City: Towards a New Digital Planning?” In Cities and Metropolises in France and Germany, edited by U. Grabski-Kieron, E. Gustedt, C. Demazière, and D. Paris, 2022 162–179. Hanover: Academy for Territorial Development in the Leibniz Association.
   Google Scholar
• Eckerberg, K., and W. Lafferty, eds. 1997. From Earth Summit to Local Forum: Studies of Local Agenda 21 in Europe. Oslo: PROSUS.
   Google Scholar
• Eizaguirre, S., M. Pradel-Miquel, and M. García. 2017. “Citizenship Practices and Democratic Governance: ‘Barcelona En Comú’ as an Urban Citizenship Confluence Promoting a New Policy Agenda.” Citizenship Studies 21 (4): 425–439. https://doi.org/10.1080/13621025.2017.1307609.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• García, Á., M. Iglesias, and M. Tomàs. 2015. “Barcelona ante la crisis. Cambios y continuidades de un modelo.” In Ciudades y cambio de época: discursos sobre políticas urbanas y crisis en España, edited by J. Subirats and M. Martí-Costa, 24–57. Bilbao: Universidad del País Vasco.
   Google Scholar
• Gardner, N., and L. Hespanhol. 2018. “SMLXL: Scaling the Smart City, from Metropolis to Individual.” City, Culture & Society 12:54–61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ccs.2017.06.006.
   Google Scholar
• Grossi, G., A. Meijer, and M. Sargiacomo. 2020. “A Public Management Perspective on Smart Cities: ‘Urban Auditing’ for Management, Governance and Accountability.” Public Management Review 22 (5): 633–647. https://doi.org/10.1080/14719037.2020.1733056.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guallart, V., “From Fab Labs to Fab City,” paper presented at The Science of Digital Fabrication, The Center for Bits and Atoms, MIT (Cambridge, MA, March 2013) <http://cba.mit.edu/events/13.03.scifab/> Accessed January 25, 2023.
   Google Scholar
• Hollands, R. 2008. “Will the Real Smart City Please Stand Up? Intelligent, Progressive or Entrepreneurial?” City 12 (3): 303–320. https://doi.org/10.1080/13604810802479126.
   Google Scholar
• Howlett, M., and M. Ramesh. 2014. “The Two Orders of Governance Failure: Design Mismatches and Policy Capacity Issues in Modern Governance.” Policy and Society 33 (4): 317–327. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polsoc.2014.10.002.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Institute of Manufacturing (IfM). 2022. Smart City Index Report 2022. University of Cambridge. Accessed October 30.https://smartcitiesindex.org/index.
   Google Scholar
• Joss, S., F. Sengers, D. Schraven, F. Caprotti, and Y. Dayot. 2019. “The Smart City as Global Discourse: Storylines and Critical Junctures Across 27 Cities.” Journal of Urban Technology 26 (1): 3–34. https://doi.org/10.1080/10630732.2018.1558387.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kitchin, R. 2015. “Making Sense of Smart Cities: Addressing Present Shortcomings.” Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy & Society 8 (1): 131–136. https://doi.org/10.1093/cjres/rsu027.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leitheiser, S., and A. Follmann. 2020. “The Social Innovation–(Re)politicisation Nexus: Unlocking the Political in Actually Existing Smart City Campaigns? The Case of SmartCity Cologne, Germany.” Urban Studies 57 (4): 894–915. https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098019869820.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• March, H., and R. Ribera-Fumaz. 2016. “Smart Contradictions: The Politics of Making Barcelona a Self-Sufficient City.” European Urban and Regional Studies 23 (4): 816–830. https://doi.org/10.1177/0969776414554488.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martí-Costa, M., and M. Tomàs. 2017. “Urban Governance in Spain: From Democratic Transition to Austerity Policies.” Urban Studies 54 (9): 2107–2122. https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098016669452.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCann, E. 2017. “Governing Urbanism: Urban Governance Studies 1.0, 2.0 and Beyond.” Urban Studies 54 (2): 312–326. https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098016670046.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McFarlane, C., and O. Söderström. 2017. “On Alternative Smart Cities.” City 21 (3–4): 312–328. 312–328. https://doi.org/10.1080/13604813.2017.1327166.
   Google Scholar
• Miller, B., K. Ward, R. Burns, V. Fast, and A. Levenda. 2021. “Worlding and Provincialising Smart Cities: From Individual Case Studies to a Global Comparative Research Agenda.” Urban Studies 58 (3): 655–673. https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098020976086.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mossberger, K., and G. Stoker. 2001. “The Evolution of Urban Regime Theory: The Challenge of Conceptualization.” Urban Affairs Review 36 (6): 810–835. https://doi.org/10.1177/10780870122185109.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Papadopoulos, Y. 2003. “Cooperative Forms of Governance: Problems of Democratic Accountability in Complex Environments.” European Journal of Political Research 42 (4): 473–501. https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-6765.00093.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peters, B. G. 2014. “Is Governance for Everybody?.” Policy and Society 33 (4): 301–306. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polsoc.2014.10.005.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pierre, J. 1999. “Models of Urban Governance: The Institutional Dimension of Urban Politics.” Urban Affairs Review 34 (3): 372–396. https://doi.org/10.1177/10780879922183988.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pierre, J. 2011. The Politics of Urban Governance. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• Rose, R., and P. L. Davies. 1994. Inheritance in Public Policy: Change without Choice in Britain. New Haven: Yale University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Russo, A. P., and A. Scarnato. 2018. “Barcelona in Common: A New Urban Regime for the 21st-Century Tourist City?.” Journal of Urban Affairs 40 (4): 455–474. https://doi.org/10.1080/07352166.2017.1373023.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sabatier, P. A. 1999. “The Advocacy Coalition Framework: An Assessment.” In Theory of the Policy Process, edited by P. A. Sabatier, 117–168. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
   Google Scholar
• Shelton, T., and T. Lodato. 2019. “Actually Existing Smart Citizens.” City 23 (1): 35–52. https://doi.org/10.1080/13604813.2019.1575115.
   Google Scholar
• Shelton, T., Zook, M., and Wiig, A. 2015. “The actually existing smart city.” Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society 8 (1): 13–25.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smigiel, C. 2019. “Urban Political Strategies in Times of Crisis: A Multiscalar Perspective on Smart Cities in Italy.” European Urban and Regional Studies 26 (4): 336–348. https://doi.org/10.1177/0969776418792049.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith, A., and P. Prieto Martín. 2021. “Going Beyond the Smart City? Implementing Technopolitical Platforms for Urban Democracy in Madrid and Barcelona.” Journal of Urban Technology 28 (1–2): 311–330. 311–330. https://doi.org/10.1080/10630732.2020.1786337.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Söderström, O., T. Paasche, and F. Klauser. 2014. “Smart Cities as Corporate Storytelling.” City: Analysis of Urban Change, Theory, Action 18 (3): 307–320. https://doi.org/10.1080/13604813.2014.906716.
   Google Scholar
• Stokols, A. 2023. “The Insurgent Smart City: How a Social Movement Created an Alternative Imaginary of the Smart City.” Journal of Urban Affairs. https://doi.org/10.1080/07352166.2023.2216887.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tomàs, M., ed. 2023. Metrópolis sin gobierno. La anomalía española en Europa. València: Tirant lo Blanch.
   Google Scholar
• Tomàs, M., and B. Cegarra. 2016. “Actores y modelos de gobernanza en las smart cities, URBS.” Revista de Estudios Urbanos y Ciencias Sociales 6 (2): 47–62.
   Google Scholar
• Tomàs, M., and E. Négrier. 2018. “Existe-t-il un modèle barcelonais? Retour sur quarante années de politiques urbaines à Barcelone (1976-2016).” Métropoles 22. https://doi.org/10.4000/metropoles.5613.
   Google Scholar
• UN-Habitat, The Global Review of Smart City Governance Practices ( UN-Habitat, 2022) <https://unhabitat.org/global-review-of-smart-city-governance-practices> Accessed November 11, 2022.
   Google Scholar
• Vallbé, J. J., J. Magre, and M. Tomàs. 2017. “Being Metropolitan: The Effects of Individual and Contextual Factors on Shaping Metropolitan Identity.” Journal of Urban Affairs 40 (1): 13–30. https://doi.org/10.1111/juaf.12243.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vanolo, A. 2014. “Smartmentality: The Smart City as Disciplinary Strategy.” Urban Studies 51 (5): 883–898. https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098013494427.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• While, A., A. Jonas, and D. Gibbs. 2004. “The Environment and the Entrepreneurial City: Searching for the Urban ‘Sustainability Fix’ in Manchester and Leeds.” International Journal of Urban & Regional Research 28 (3): 549–569. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0309-1317.2004.00535.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar