References
- Petrič G, Atanasova S, Kamin T. Ill literates or illiterates? Investigating the eHealth literacy of users of online health communities. J Med Internet Res. 2017;19(10):e331. doi:10.2196/jmir.7372.
- Wallington SF, Oppong B, Iddirisu M, et al. Developing a mass media campaign to promote mammography awareness in African American women in the nation’s capital. J Commun Health. 2018;43(4):633–8. doi:10.1007/s10900-017-0461-1.
- Woloshin S, Schwartz LM, Black WC, et al. Cancer screening campaigns–getting past uninformative persuasion. N Engl J Med. 2012;367(18):1677–9. doi:10.1056/NEJMp1209407.
- Simmons JP, Nelson LD, Simonsohn U. False-positive psychology: undisclosed flexibility in data collection and analysis allows presenting anything as significant. Psychological Science. 2011;22(11):1359–66. doi:10.1177/0956797611417632.
- Fox S. Health topics. 2011.
- Pew people and the press: views of health care. 2010.
- Leading countries based on number of Facebook users as of July 2017. 2017.
- Ipsos. Usage of selected social media apps during the planning of everyday activities according to users in the United States as of October 2015.
- Trends in prostate cancer incidence rates and prevalence of prostate-specific antigen screening by socioeconomic status and regions in the US, 2004–2013. J Urol. 2017. doi:10.1016/j.juro.2017.09.103.
- American Cancer S. Breast Cancer Risk and Prevention.
- Mazor KM, Calvi J, Cowan R, et al. Media messages about cancer: what do people understand? J Health Commun. 2010;15:126–45. doi:10.1080/10810730.2010.499983.
- Mouchawar J, Taplin S, Ichikawa L, et al. Late-stage breast cancer among women with recent negative screening mammography: do clinical encounters offer opportunity for earlier detection? J Natl Cancer Inst Monogr. 2005;2005(35):39–46. doi:2005/35/39 doi: 10.1093/jncimonographs/lgi036
- Houston KA, King J, Li J, Ahmedin J. Trends in prostate cancer incidence rates and prevalence of prostate-specific antigen screening by socioeconomic status and regions in the US, 2004-2013. 2017.
- Niederdeppe J, Fowler EF, Goldstein K, et al. Does local television news coverage cultivate fatalistic beliefs about cancer prevention? J Commun. 2010;60(2):230–53. doi:10.1111/j.1460-2466.2009.01474.x.
- Weeks BE, Friedenberg LM, Southwell BG, et al. Behavioral consequences of conflict-oriented health news coverage: the 2009 mammography guideline controversy and online information seeking. Health Commun. 2012;27(2):158–66. doi:10.1080/10410236.2011.571757.
- Haas JS, Ballard-Barbash R, Miglioretti DL, et al. Average household exposure to newspaper coverage about the harmful effects of hormone therapy and population-based declines in hormone therapy use. J Gen Intern Med. 2007;22(1):68–73. doi:10.1007/s11606-007-0122-7.
- Han PKJ, Moser RP, Klein WMP. Perceived ambiguity about cancer prevention recommendations: relationship to perceptions of cancer preventability, risk, and worry. J Health Commun. 2006;11(1):51–69. doi: 10.1080/10810730600637541
- Sillence E, Briggs P, Fishwick L, et al. Trust and mistrust of online health sites. Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI '04); 2004.
- Passalacqua R, Caminiti C, Salvagni S, et al. Effects of media information on cancer patients’ opinions, feelings, decision-making process and physician-patient communication. Cancer. 2004;100(5):1077–84. doi: 10.1002/cncr.20050
- Mankoff J, Kuksenok K, Rode J, et al. Competing online viewpoints and models of chronic illness. 2011.
- Han PKJ, Moser RP, Klein WMP. Perceived ambiguity about cancer prevention recommendations: associations with cancer-related perceptions and behaviours in a US population survey. Health Expect. 2007;10(4):321–36. doi: 10.1111/j.1369-7625.2007.00456.x
- Haas JS, Canales MK, Geller B, et al. Changes in newspaper coverage about hormone therapy with the release of new medical evidence. J Gen Intern Med. 2006;21(4):304. doi:10.1111/j.1525-1497.2006.00342.x.
- Nagler RH. Adverse outcomes associated with media exposure to contradictory nutrition messages. J Health Commun. 2014;19(1):24–40. doi:10.1080/10810730.2013.798384.
- Nagler RH, Fowler EF, Gollust SE. Covering controversy: what are the implications for women's health? Womens Health Issues. 2015;25(4):318–21. doi:10.1016/j.whi.2015.04.011.
- Witte K. Fear control and danger control: a test of the extended parallel process model (EPPM). Commun Monogr. 1994;61(2):113–34. doi:10.1080/03637759409376328.
- Bandura A. Self-efficacy: toward a unifying theory of behavioral change. Psychol Rev. 1977;84(2):191–215. doi: 10.1037/0033-295X.84.2.191
- Witte Kim, Allen Mike. A Meta-Analysis of Fear Appeals: Implications for Effective Public Health Campaigns. Health Education & Behavior. 2000;27(5):591–615. doi:10.1177/109019810002700506.
- Emanuel AS, Kiviniemi MT, Howell JL, et al. Avoiding cancer risk information. Soc Sci Med. 2015;147:113–20. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2015.10.058.
- Force USPST. Screening for breast cancer using film mammography; clinical summary of 2009 U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation. 2009.
- Harding C, Pompei F, Burmistrov D, et al. Breast cancer screening, incidence, and mortality across us counties. JAMA Intern Med. 2015;175(9):1483–9. doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2015.3043.
- American College of Obstetricians and G. Routine screening recommendations released for Annual Well Woman Exam. 2011.
- Smith BL, Gadd MA, Lawler C, et al. Perception of breast cancer risk among women in breast center and primary care settings: Correlation with age and family history of breast cancer. Surgery. 1996;120(2):297–303. doi:10.1016/S0039-6060(96)80301-1.
- Nelson HD, Pappas M, Zakher B, et al. Risk assessment, genetic counseling, and genetic testing for BRCA-related cancer in women: a systematic review to update the U.S. preventive services Task Force recommendation. Ann Intern Med. 2014;160(4):255–66. doi:10.7326/M13-1684.
- Witte K, Cameron KA, McKeon JK, et al. Predicting risk behaviors: development and validation of a diagnostic scale. J Health Commun. 1996;1(4):317–42. doi: 10.1080/108107396127988
- Bandura A. Health promotion by social cognitive means. Health Educ Behav. 2004;31(2):143–64. doi: 10.1177/1090198104263660
- Witte K. Putting the fear back into fear appeals: the extended parallel process model. Commun Monogr. 1992;59(4):329–49. doi:10.1080/03637759209376276.
- McQueen A, Vernon SW, Meissner HI, et al. Risk perceptions and worry about cancer: does gender make a difference? J Health Commun. 2008;13(1):56–79. doi:10.1080/10810730701807076.
- Smith SG, Pandit A, Rush SR, et al. The association between patient activation and accessing online health information: results from a national survey of US adults. Health Expect. 2015;18(6):3262–73. doi:10.1111/hex.12316.
- Diviani N, van den Putte B, Meppelink CS, van Weert JCM. Exploring the role of health literacy in the evaluation of online health information: insights from a mixed-methods study. Patient Educ Counsel. 2016. doi:10.1016/j.pec.2016.01.007.
- Bureau USC. Educational Attainment in the United States: 2016.
- Gibson L, Tan ASL, Freres D, et al. Nonmedical information seeking amid conflicting health information: negative and positive effects on prostate cancer screening. Health Commun. 2016;31(4):417–24. doi:10.1080/10410236.2014.963786.
- Padamsee TJ, Wills CE, Yee LD. Decision making for breast cancer prevention among women at elevated risk. Breast Cancer Res. 2017;19(34):1–12.
- Lin K, Lipsitz R, Miller T, et al. Benefits and harms of prostate-specific antigen screening for prostate cancer: an evidence update for the U.S. preventive services Task Force. Ann Intern Med. 2008;149(3):192–9. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-149-3-200808050-00009
- Barthel M, Mitchell A, Holcomb J. Many Americans believe fake news is sowing confusion. Pew Research Center's Journalism Project2016.
- Smith KP, Christakis NA. Social networks and health. Ann Rev Sociol. 2008;34:405–29. doi:10.1146/annurev.soc.34.040507.134601.