Digital thermal monitoring of the Amazon forest: an intercomparison of satellite and reanalysis products

References

• Balsamo, G., C. Albergel, A. Beljaars, S. Boussetta, E. Brun, H. Cloke, D. Dee, et al. 2015. “ERA-Interim/Land: A Global Land Surface Reanalysis Data Set.” Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 19: 389–407. doi: 10.5194/hess-19-389-2015
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brando, P. M., J. K. Balch, D. C. Nepstad, D. C. Morton, F. E. Putz, M. T. Coe, D. Silverio, et al. 2014. “Abrupt Increases in Amazonian Tree Mortality due to Drought-fire Interactions.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 111 (17): 6347–6352. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1305499111
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clark, D. A., S. C. Piper, C. D. Keeling, and D. B. Clark. 2003. “Tropical Rain Forest Tree Growth and Atmospheric Carbon Dynamics Linked to Interannual Temperature Variation During 1984–2000.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 100 (10): 5852–5857. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0935903100
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Czajkowski, K. P., Goward, S. N., Mulhern, T., Goetz, S. J., Walz, A., Shirey, D., Stadler, S., Prince, S. D., and R. O. Dubayah. 2000. “Estimating Environmental Variables Using Thermal Remote Sensing.” In Thermal Remote Sensing in Land Surface Processes, edited by D. A. Quattrochi and J. C. Luvall, 11–32. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.
   Google Scholar
• Dee, D. P., S. M. Uppala, A. J. Simmons, P. Berrisford, P. Poli, S. Kobayashi, U. Andrae, et al. 2011. “The ERA Interim Reanalysis: Configuration and Performance of the Data Assimilation System.” Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society 137: 553–597. doi: 10.1002/qj.828
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dessler, A. E. 2010. “A Determination of the Cloud Feedback from Climate Variations Over the Past Decade.” Science 330 (6010): 1523–1527. doi: 10.1126/science.1192546
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Doughty, C. E., and M. L. Goulden. 2008. “Are Tropical Forests Near a High Temperature Threshold?” Journal of Geophysical Research 113. G00B07. doi:10.1029/2007JG000632.
   Google Scholar
• Fréville, H., E. Brun, G. Picard, N. Tatarinova, L. Arnaud, C. Lanconelli, C. Reijmer, and M. van den Broeke. 2014. “Using MODIS Land Surface Temperatures and the Crocus Snow Model to Understand the Warm Bias of ERA-interim Reanalyses at the Surface in Antarctica.” The Cryosphere 8: 1361–1373. doi:10.5194/tc-8-1361-2014.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Galbraith, D., P. E. Levy, S. Sitch, C. Huntingford, P. Cox, M. Williams, and P. Meir. 2010. “Multiple Mechanisms of Amazonian Forest Biomass Losses in Three Dynamic Global Vegetation Models Under Climate Change.” New Phytologist 187: 647–665. doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.2010.03350.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gatti, L. V., M. Gloor, J. B. Miller, C. E. Doughty, Y. Malhi, L. G. Domingues, L. S. Basso, et al. 2014. “Drought Sensitivity of Amazonian Carbon Balance Revealed by Atmospheric Measurements.” Nature 506: 76–80. doi: 10.1038/nature12957
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giglio, L., J. Descloitres, C. O. Justice, and Y. Kaufman. 2003. “An Enhanced Contextual Fire Detection Algorithm for MODIS.” Remote Sensing of Environment 87: 273–282. doi: 10.1016/S0034-4257(03)00184-6
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hilker, T., A. I. Lyapustin, C. J. Tucker, F. G. Hall, R. B. Myneni, Y. Wang, J. Bi, Y. Mendes de Moura, and P. J. Sellers. 2014. “Vegetation Dynamics and Rainfall Sensitivity of the Amazon.” Proceeding of the National Academy of Sciences 111 (45): 16041–16046. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1404870111
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hubanks, P. A., M. D. King, S. Platnick, and R. Pincus. 2008. “MODIS Atmosphere L3 Gridded Product.” Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document. http://modis-atmos.gsfc.nasa.gov/_docs/L3_ATBD_2008_12_04.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Jackson, R. D., S. B. Idso, R. J. Reginato, and P. J. Pinter. 1981. “Canopy Temperature as a Crop Stress Indicator.” Water Resources Research 4: 1133–1138. doi: 10.1029/WR017i004p01133
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jiménez-Muñoz, J. C., C. Mattar, J. A. Sobrino, and Y. Malhi. 2015. “A Database for the Monitoring of Thermal Anomalies Over the Amazon Forest and Adjacent Intertropical Oceans.” Scientific Data. doi:10.1038/sdata.2015.24.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jiménez-Muñoz, J. C., J. A. Sobrino, and C. Mattar. 2013. “Has the Northern Hemisphere Been Warming or Cooling During the Boreal Winter of the Last Few Decades?” Global and Planetary Change 106: 31–38. doi: 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2013.02.010
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jiménez-Muñoz, J. C., J. A. Sobrino, C. Mattar, and Y. Malhi. 2013. “Spatial and Temporal Patterns of the Recent Warming of the Amazon Forest.” Journal of Geophysical Research 118: 5204–5215.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kendall, M. G. 1975. Rank Correlation Methods. 4th ed. London: Charles Griffin.
   Google Scholar
• Lewis, S. L., P. M. Brando, O. L. Phillips, G. M. F. van der Heijden, and D. Nepstad. 2011. “The 2010 Amazon Drought.” Science 331: 554. doi: 10.1126/science.1200807
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Malhi, Y., J. Timmons Roberts, R. A. Betts, T. J. Killeen, W. Li, and C. A. Nobre. 2008. “Climate Change, Deforestation, and the Fate of Amazon.” Science 319: 169–172. doi: 10.1126/science.1146961
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Malhi, Y., D. Wood, T. R. Baker, J. Wright, O. L. Phillips, T. Cochrane, P. Meir, et al. 2006. “The Regional Variation of Aboveground Live Biomass in Old-growth Amazonian Forests.” Global Change Biology 12: 1107–1138. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01120.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marengo, J. A., C. A. Nobre, J. Tomasella, M. D. Oyama, G. S. de Oliveira, R. de Oliveira, H. Camargo, L. M. Alves, and I. Foster Brown. 2008. “The Drought of Amazonia in 2005.” Journal of Climate 21 (3): 495–516. doi: 10.1175/2007JCLI1600.1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Masters, T. 2012. “On the Determination of the Global Cloud Feedback from Satellite Measurements.” Earth System Dynamics 3: 97–107. doi: 10.5194/esd-3-97-2012
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morton, D. C., J. Nagol, C. C. Carabajal, J. Rosette, M. Palace, B. D. Cook, E. F. Vermote, D. J. Harding, and P. R. J. North. 2014. “Amazon Forests Maintain Consistent Canopy Structure and Greenness During the Dry Season.” Nature 506: 221–224. doi: 10.1038/nature13006
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Phillips, O. L., L. E. O. C. Aragao, S. L. Lewis, J. B. Fisher, J. Lloyd, G. López-González, Y. Malhi, et al. 2009. “Drought Sensitivity of the Amazon Rainforest.” Science 323: 1344–1347. doi: 10.1126/science.1164033
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saatchi, S., S. Asefi-Najafabady, Y. Malhi, L. E. O. C. Aragao, L. O. Anderson, R. B. Myneni, and R. Nemani. 2013. “Persistent Effects of a Severe Drought on Amazonian Forest Canopy.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 110 (2): 565–570. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1204651110
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sabins, F. F. 2000. Remote Sensing. Principles and Interpretation. 3rd ed. USA: W. H. Freeman and Company.
   Google Scholar
• Saleska, S. R., K. Didan, A. R. Huete, and H. R. da Rocha. 2007. “Amazon Forests Green-up During 2005 Drought.” Science 318: 612. doi: 10.1126/science.1146663
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Samanta, A., S. Ganguly, H. Hashimoto, S. Devadiga, E. Vermote, Y. Knyazikhin, R. R. Nemani, and R. B. Myneni. 2010. “Amazon Forest did not Green-up During the 2005 Drought.” Geophysical Research Letters 37: L05401. doi:10.1029/2009GL042154.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schroeder, W., E. Prins, L. Giglio, I. Csiszar, C. Schimdt, J. Morisette, D. Morton. 2008. “Validation of GOES and MODIS Active Fire Detection Products using ASTER and ETM+ Data.” Remote Sensing of Environment 112: 2711–2726. doi: 10.1016/j.rse.2008.01.005
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Screen, J. A., and I. Simmonds. 2010. “The Central Role of Diminishing sea Ice in Recent Arctic Temperature Amplification.” Nature 464: 1334–1337. doi: 10.1038/nature09051
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sen, P. K. 1968. “Estimates of the Regression Coefficient Based on Kendall's Tau.” Journal of the American Statistical Association 63: 1379–1389. doi: 10.1080/01621459.1968.10480934
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Silva, F. B., Y. E. Shimabukuro, L. E. O. C. Aragao, L. O. Anderson, G. Pereira, F. Cardozo, and E. Arai. 2013. “Large-scale Heterogeneity of Amazonian Phenology Revealed from 26-year Long AVHRR/NDVI Time-series.” Environmental Research Letters 8: 024011. doi:10.1088/1748-9326/8/2/024011.
   Google Scholar
• Simmons, A. J., K. M. Willett, P. D. Jones, P. W. Thorne, and D. P. Dee. 2010. “Low-frequency Variations in Surface Atmospheric Humidity, Temperature and Precipitation: Inferences from Reanalyses and Monthly Gridded Observational Datasets.” Journal of Geophysical Research 115: 1–21. doi:10.1029/2009JD012442.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Strahler, A., D. Muchoney, J. Borak, M. Friedl, S. Gopal, E. Lambin, and A. Moody. 1999. MODIS Land Cover Product, Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document Version 5.0. Boston, MA: Boston University.
   Google Scholar
• Toomey, M., D. A. Roberts, C. Still, M. L. Goulden, and J. P. McFadden. 2011. “Remotely Sensed Heat Anomalies Linked with Amazonian Forest Biomass Declines.” Geophysical Research Letters 38: L19704. doi:10.1029/2011GL049041.
   Google Scholar
• Tsuang, B.-J., M.-D. Chou, Y. Zhang, A. Roesch, and K. Yang. 2008. “Evaluations of Land-Ocean Skin Temperatures of the ISCCP Satellite Retrievals and the NCEP and ERA Reanalyses.” Journal of Climate 21 (2): 308–330. doi:10.1175/2007JCLI1502.1.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Viterbo, P., and A. C. M. Beljaars. 1995. “An Improved Land Surface Temperature Parameterization Scheme in the ECMWF Model and its Validation.” Journal of Climate 8: 2716–2748. doi: 10.1175/1520-0442(1995)008<2716:AILSPS>2.0.CO;2
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wan, Z. 2007. Collection-5 MODIS Land Surface Temperature Products Users’ Guide, ICESS. Santa Barbara, CA: University of California.
   Google Scholar
• Wan, Z. 2008. “New Refinements and Validation of the MODIS Land-surface Temperature/Emissivity Products.” Remote Sensing of Environment 112: 59–74. doi: 10.1016/j.rse.2006.06.026
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wan, Z., and J. Dozier. 1996. “A Generalized Split-window Algorithm for Retrieving Land-surface Temperature from Space.” IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing 34 (4): 892–905. doi: 10.1109/36.508406
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wan, Z., and Z.-L. Li. 1997. “A Physics-based Algorithm for Retrieving Land-surface Emissivity and Temperature from EOS/MODIS Data.” IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing 35 (4): 980–996. doi: 10.1109/36.602541
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhou, L., Y. Tian, R. B. Myneni, P. Ciais, S. Saatchi, Y. Y. Liu, S. Piao, et al. 2014. “Widespread Decline of Congo Rainforest Greenness in the Past Decade.” Nature 509: 86–90. doi: 10.1038/nature13265
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar