Evaluation of GOFP over four forest plots using RAMI and UAV measurements

References

• Chen, J. M., and S. G. Leblanc. 1997. “A Four-scale Bidirectional Reflectance Model Based on Canopy Architecture.” IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing 35 (5): 1316–1337.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen, J. M., C. H. Menges, and S. G. Leblanc. 2005. “Global Mapping of Foliage Clumping Index Using Multi-angular Satellite Data.” Remote Sensing of Environment 97 (4): 447–457.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chopping, M., L. Su, A. Rango, J. Martonchik, D. Peters, and A. Laliberte. 2008. “Remote Sensing of Woody Shrub Cover in Desert Grasslands Using MISR with a Geometric-Optical Canopy Reflectance Model.” Remote Sensing of Environment 112 (1): 19–34.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Darvishzadeh, R., A. Skidmore, H. Abdullah, E. Cherenet, A. Ali, T. Wang, W. Nieuwenhuis, et al. 2019. “Mapping Leaf Chlorophyll Content from Sentinel-2 and RapidEye Data in Spruce Stands Using the Invertible Forest Reflectance Model.” International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation 79: 58–70.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deng, F. 2006. “Algorithm for Global Leaf Area Index Retrieval Using Satellite Imagery.” IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing 44 (8): 2219–2229.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fan, W., J. M. Chen, W. Ju, and N. Nesbitt. 2014a. “Hybrid Geometric Optical-radiative Transfer Model Suitable for Forests on Slopes.” IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing 52 (9): 5579–5586.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fan, W., J. M. Chen, W. Ju, and G. Zhu. 2014b. “GOST: A Geometric-optical Model for Sloping Terrains.” IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing 52 (9): 5469–5482.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fan, W., J. Li, and Q. Liu. 2015. “GOST2: The Improvement of the Canopy Reflectance Model GOST in Separating the Sunlit and Shaded Leaves.” IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing 8 (4): 1423–1431.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gastellu-Etchegorry, J. P., E. Martin, and F. Gascon. 2004. “DART: A 3D Model for Simulating Satellite Images and Studying Surface Radiation Budget.” International Journal of Remote Sensing 25 (1): 73–96.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GastelluEtchegorry, J. P., V. Demarez, V. Pinel, and F. Zagolski. 1996. “Modeling Radiative Transfer in Heterogeneous 3-D Vegetation Canopies.” Remote Sensing of Environment 58 (2): 131–156.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Geng, J., J. M. Chen, W. Fan, L. Tu, Q. Tian, R. Yang, Y. Yang, L. Wang, C. Lv, and S. Wu. 2017. “GOFP: A Geometric-optical Model for Forest Plantations.” IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing 55 (9): 5230–5241.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Geng, J., J. Chen, L. Tu, Q. Tian, L. Wang, R. Yang, Y. Yang, et al. 2016. “Influence of the Exclusion Distance Among Trees on Gap Fraction and Foliage Clumping Index of Forest Plantations.” Trees 30 (5): 1683–1693.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gong, P., J. Wang, L. Yu, Y. Zhao, Y. Zhao, L. Liang, Z. Niu, et al. 2013. “Finer Resolution Observation and Monitoring of Global Land Cover: First Mapping Results with Landsat TM and ETM+ Data.” International Journal of Remote Sensing 34 (7): 2607–2654.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gray, L., and F. He. 2009. “Spatial Point-pattern Analysis for Detecting Density-dependent Competition in a Boreal Chronosequence of Alberta.” Forest Ecology and Management 259 (1): 98–106.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• He, L., J. Liu, J. M. Chen, H. Croft, R. Wang, M. Sprintsin, T. Zheng, et al. 2016. “Inter- and Intra-annual Variations of Clumping Index Derived from the MODIS BRDF Product.” International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation 44: 53–60.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang, H., W. Qin, and Q. Liu. 2013. “RAPID: A Radiosity Applicable to Porous Individual Objects for Directional Reflectance Over Complex Vegetated Scenes.” Remote Sensing of Environment 132: 221–237.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jacquemoud, S., and F. Baret. 1990. “PROSPECT: A Model of Leaf Optical Properties Spectra.” Remote Sensing of Environment 34 (2): 75–91.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuusk, A., J. Kuusk, and M. Lang. 2009. “A Dataset for the Validation of Reflectance Models.” Remote Sensing of Environment 113 (5): 889–892.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuusk, A., J. Kuusk, and M. Lang. 2014a. “Modeling Directional Forest Reflectance with the Hybrid Type Forest Reflectance Model FRT.” Remote Sensing of Environment 149: 196–204.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuusk, A., J. Kuusk, and M. Lang. 2014b. “Measured Spectral Bidirectional Reflection Properties of Three Mature Hemiboreal Forests.” Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 185: 14–19.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuusk, A., and T. Nilson. 2000. “A Directional Multispectral Forest Reflectance Model.” Remote Sensing of Environment 72 (2): 244–252.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuusk, A., T. Nilson, J. Kuusk, and M. Lang. 2010. “Reflectance Spectra of RAMI Forest Stands in Estonia: Simulations and Measurements.” Remote Sensing of Environment 114 (12): 2962–2969.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuusk, A., T. Nilson, M. Paas, M. Lang, and J. Kuusk. 2008. “Validation of the Forest Radiative Transfer Model FRT.” Remote Sensing of Environment 112 (1): 51–58.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leblanc, S. G., P. Bicheron, J. M. Chen, M. Leroy, and J. Cihlar. 1999. “Investigation of Directional Reflectance in Boreal Forests with an Improved Four-Scale Model and Airborne POLDER Data.” IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing 37 (3): 1396–1414.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, X., and A. H. Strahler. 1985. “Geometric-optical Modeling of a Conifer Forest Canopy.” IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing GE-23 (5): 705–721.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, X., and A. H. Strahler. 1992. “Geometric-Optical Bidirectional Reflectance Modeling of the Discrete Crown Vegetation Canopy: Effect of Crown Shape and Mutual Shadowing.” IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing 30 (2): 276–292.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, X., A. H. Strahler, and C. E. Woodcock. 1995. “A Hybrid Geometric Optical-radiative Transfer Approach for Modeling Albedo and Directional Reflectance of Discontinuous Canopies.” IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing 33 (2): 466–480.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mottus, M., M. Sulev, and M. Lang. 2006. “Estimation of Crown Volume for a Geometric Radiation Model from Detailed Measurements of Tree Structure.” Ecological Modelling 198 (3-4): 506–514.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nilson, T. 1999. “Inversion of Gap Frequency Data in Forest Stands.” Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 98-99: 437–448.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nilson, T., and U. Peterson. 1991. “A Forest Canopy Reflectance Model and a Test Case.” Remote Sensing of Environment 37 (2): 131–142.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Omari, K., H. P. White, and K. Staenz. 2009. “Multiple Scattering Within the FLAIR Model Incorporating the Photon Recollision Probability Approach.” IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing 47 (8): 2931–2941.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perry, G. L. W., B. P. Miller, and N. J. Enright. 2006. “A Comparison of Methods for the Statistical Analysis of Spatial Point Patterns in Plant Ecology.” Plant Ecology 187 (1): 59–82.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pinty, B., N. Gobron, J. L. Widlowski, S. A. W. Gerstl, M. M. Verstraete, M. Antunes, C. Bacour, et al. 2001. “Radiation Transfer Model Intercomparison (RAMI) Exercise.” Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 106 (D11): 11937–11956.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pisek, J., and J. M. Chen. 2007. “Comparison and Validation of MODIS and Vegetation Global LAI Products Over Four BigFoot Sites in North America.” Remote Sensing of Environment 109 (1): 81–94.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Qiu, F., J. W. Huo, Q. Zhang, X. H. Chen, Y. Zhang. 2020. “Observation and Analysis of Bidirectional and Hotspot Reflectance of Conifer Forest Canopies with a Multi-Angle Hyperspectral UAV Imaging Platform.” Journal of Remote Sensing.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rosema, A., W. Verhoef, H. Noorbergen, and J. J. Borgesius. 1992. “A New Forest Light Interaction Model in Support of Forest Monitoring.” Remote Sensing of Environment 42 (1): 23–41.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Verhoef, W. 1984. “Light Scattering by Leaf Layers with Application to Canopy Reflectance Modeling: The SAIL Model.” Remote Sensing of Environment 16 (2): 125–141.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Verhoef, W. 1985. “Earth Observation Modeling Based on Layer Scattering Matrices.” Remote Sensing of Environment 17 (2): 165–178.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, Y., N. Lauret, and J. Gastellu-Etchegorry. 2020a. “DART Radiative Transfer Modelling for Sloping Landscapes.” Remote Sensing of Environment 247: 111902.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, X., G. Zheng, Z. Yun, and L. M. Moskal. 2020b. “Characterizing Tree Spatial Distribution Patterns Using Discrete Aerial Lidar Data.” Remote Sensing 12 (4): 712.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Widlowski, J., C. Mio, M. Disney, J. Adams, I. Andredakis, C. Atzberger, J. Brennan, et al. 2015. “The Fourth Phase of the Radiative Transfer Model Intercomparison (RAMI) Exercise: Actual Canopy Scenarios and Conformity Testing.” Remote Sensing of Environment 169: 418–437.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Widlowski, J. L., B. Pinty, M. Lopatka, C. Atzberger, D. Buzica, M. Chelle, M. Disney, et al. 2013. “The Fourth Radiation Transfer Model Intercomparison (RAMI-IV): Proficiency Testing of Canopy Reflectance Models.” Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres 118 (13): 6869–6890.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu, S., J. Wen, J. Gastellu-Etchegorry, Q. Liu, D. You, Q. Xiao, D. Hao, X. Lin, and T. Yin. 2019. “The Definition of Remotely Sensed Reflectance Quantities Suitable for Rugged Terrain.” Remote Sensing of Environment 225: 403–415.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xie, D., P. Wang, G. Yan, and Q. Zhu. 2012. Extending RGM to Simulate the Directional Reflectance for Complex Mountainous Regions. Geoscience & Remote Sensing Symposium, 4209–4212.
   Google Scholar
• Yuan, H., R. Ma, C. Atzberger, F. Li, S. Loiselle, and J. Luo. 2015. “Estimating Forest fAPAR from Multispectral Landsat-8 Data Using the Invertible Forest Reflectance Model INFORM.” Remote Sensing 7 (6): 7425–7446.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zeng, Y., J. Li, Q. Liu, A. R. Huete, B. Xu, G. Yin, W. Fan, et al. 2020. “A Radiative Transfer Model for Patchy Landscapes Based on Stochastic Radiative Transfer Theory.” IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing 58 (4): 2571–2589.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zeng, Y., M. Schaepman, B. Wu, J. Clevers, and A. Bregt. 2008. “Scaling-based Forest Structural Change Detection Using an Inverted Geometric-optical Model in the Three Gorges Region of China.” Remote Sensing of Environment 112 (12): 4261–4271.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zeng, Y., M. E. Schaepman, B. Wu, J. G. P. W. Clevers, and A. K. Bregt. 2009. “Quantitative Forest Canopy Structure Assessment Using an Inverted Geometric-Optical Model and Up-scaling.” International Journal of Remote Sensing 30 (6): 1385–1406.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang, X., F. Qiu, C. Zhan, Q. Zhang, Z. Li, Y. Wu, Y. Huang, and X. Chen. 2020. “Acquisitions and Applications of Forest Canopy Hyperspectral Imageries at Hotspot and Multiview Angle Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Platform.” Journal of Applied Remote Sensing 14 (2): 1.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar