1,169
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

Investigating the seasonal dynamics of surface water over the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau using Sentinel-1 imagery and a novel gated multiscale ConvNet

, &
Pages 1372-1394 | Received 30 Dec 2022, Accepted 28 Mar 2023, Published online: 12 Apr 2023

References

  • Chen, L. C., Y. Zhu, G. Papandreou, F. Schroff, and H. Adam. 2018. “Lecture Notes in Computer Science.” Proceedings of the European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 833-851.
  • Cheng, G., and T. Wu. 2007. “Responses of Permafrost to Climate Change and Their Environmental Significance, Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.” Journal of Geophysical Research 112 (F2), doi:10.1029/2006JF000631.
  • Dong, Z., G. Wang, S. O. Y. Amankwah, X. Wei, Y. Hu, and A. Feng. 2021. “Monitoring the Summer Flooding in the Poyang Lake Area of China in 2020 Based on Sentinel-1 Data and Multiple Convolutional Neural Networks.” International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation 102: 102400. doi:10.1016/j.jag.2021.102400.
  • Duan, S. 2018. “Lake Evolution in the Qaidam Basin During 1976-2015 and Their Changes in Response to Climate and Anthropogenic Factors.” Journal of Lake Sciences 30: 256–265. doi:10.18307/2018.0125.
  • Farr, T. G., and M. Kobrick. 2000. “Shuttle Radar Topography Mission Produces a Wealth of Data.” Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union 81 (48): 583–585. doi:10.1029/EO081i048p00583.
  • Giustarini, L., R. Hostache, P. Matgen, G. J. P. Schumann, P. D. Bates, and D. C. Mason. 2013. “A Change Detection Approach to Flood Mapping in Urban Areas Using TerraSAR-X.” IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing 51 (4): 2417–2430. doi:10.1109/TGRS.2012.2210901.
  • Han, B., and Y. Wu. 2018. “A Novel Active Contour Model Driven by J-Divergence Entropy for SAR River Image Segmentation.” Pattern Analysis and Applications 21 (3): 613–627. doi:10.1007/s10044-018-0702-7.
  • Howard, A. G., M. Zhu, B. Chen, D. Kalenichenko, W. Wang, T. Weyand, M. Andreetto, and H. Adam. 2017. “Mobilenets: Efficient Convolutional Neural Networks for Mobile Vision Applications.” arXiv preprint, doi:10.48550/arXiv.1704.04861.
  • Huang, W., B. DeVries, C. Huang, M. W. Lang, J. W. Jones, I. F. Creed, and M. L. Carroll. 2018. “Automated Extraction of Surface Water Extent from Sentinel-1 Data.” Remote Sensing 10 (5): 797. doi:10.3390/rs10050797.
  • Huo, W., Y. Huang, J. Pei, Q. Zhang, Q. Gu, and J. Yang. 2018. “Ship Detection from Ocean SAR Image Based on Local Contrast Variance Weighted Information Entropy.” Sensors 18 (4): 1196. doi:10.3390/s18041196.
  • Huybers, K., S. Rupper, and G. H. Roe. 2016. “Response of Closed Basin Lakes to Interannual Climate Variability.” Climate Dynamics 46 (11): 3709–3723. doi:10.1007/s00382-015-2798-4.
  • Immerzeel, W.W., Van Beek, L.P. and Bierkens, M.F. 2010. “Climate Change Will Affect the Asian Water Towers Change Will Affect the Asian Water Towers.” Science 328(5984): 1382-1385. doi:10.1126/science.1183188.
  • Insom, P., C. Cao, P. Boonsrimuang, D. Liu, A. Saokarn, P. Yomwan, and Y. Xu. 2015. “A Support Vector Mawchine-Based Particle Filter Method for Improved Flooding Classification.” IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters 12 (9): 1943–1947. doi:10.1109/LGRS.2015.2439575.
  • Isikdogan, F., A. C. Bovik, and P. Passalacqua. 2017. “Surface Water Mapping by Deep Learning.” IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing 10 (11): 4909–4918. doi:10.1109/JSTARS.2017.2735443
  • Jiang, W., G. He, T. Long, Y. Ni, H. Liu, Y. Peng, K. Lv, and G. Wang. 2018. “Multilayer Perceptron Neural Network for Surface Water Extraction in Landsat 8 OLI Satellite Images.” Remote Sensing 10 (5): 755. doi:10.3390/rs10050755.
  • Kim, M. U., H. Oh, S. J. Lee, Y. Choi, and S. Han. 2021. “A Large-Scale Dataset for Water Segmentation of SAR Satellite.” 2021 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS), IEEE: 9796-9801.
  • Laird, N., A. M. Bentley, S. A. Ganetis, A. Stieneke, and S. A. Tushaus. 2016. “Climatology of Lake-Effect Precipitation Events Over Lake Tahoe and Pyramid Lake.” Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 55 (2): 297–312. doi:10.1175/JAMC-D-14-0230.1.
  • LeCun, Y., Y. Bengio, and G. Hinton. 2015. “Deep Learning.” Nature 521 (7553): 436–444. doi:10.1038/nature14539.
  • Lehner, B., and P. Döll. 2004. “Development and Validation of a Global Database of Lakes, Reservoirs and Wetlands.” Journal of Hydrology 296 (1-4): 1–22. doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2004.03.028.
  • Lei, Y., T. Yao, B. W. Bird, K. Yang, J. Zhai, and Y. Sheng. 2013. “Coherent Lake Growth on the Central Tibetan Plateau Since the 1970s: Characterization and Attribution.” Journal of Hydrology 483: 61–67. doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2013.01.003.
  • Lei, Y., T. Yao, K. Yang, Y. Sheng, M. Kleinherenbrink, S. Yi, B. Bird, X. Zhang, L. Zhu, and G. Zhang. 2017. “Lake Seasonality Across the Tibetan Plateau and Their Varying Relationship with Regional Mass Changes and Local Hydrology.” Geophysical Research Letters 44 (2): 892–900. doi:10.1002/2016GL072062.
  • Lhakpa, D., Y. Qiu, P. Lhak, L. Shi, M. Cheng, and B. Cheng. 2022. “Long-term Records of Glacier Evolution and Associated Proglacial Lakes on the Tibetan Plateau (1976–2020).” Big Earth Data 6 (4): 435–452. doi:10.1080/20964471.2022.2131956.
  • Li, Y., S. Martinis, and M. Wieland. 2019. “Urban Flood Mapping with an Active Self-Learning Convolutional Neural Network Based on TerraSAR-X Intensity and Interferometric Coherence.” ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing 152: 178–191. doi:10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2019.04.014.
  • Li, S., H. Tan, Z. Liu, Z. Zhou, Y. Liu, W. Zhang, K. Liu, and B. Qin. 2018. “Mapping High Mountain Lakes Using Space-Borne Near-Nadir SAR Observations.” Remote Sensing 10 (9): 1418. doi:10.3390/rs10091418.
  • Li, N., R. Wang, Y. Liu, K. Du, J. Chen, and Y. Deng. 2014. “Robust River Boundaries Extraction of Dammed Lakes in Mountain Areas After Wenchuan Earthquake from High Resolution SAR Images Combining Local Connectivity and ACM.” ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing 94: 91–101. doi:10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2014.04.020.
  • Liang, D., H. Guo, L. Zhang, Y. Cheng, Q. Zhu, and X. Liu. 2021. “Time-series Snowmelt Detection Over the Antarctic Using Sentinel-1 SAR Images on Google Earth Engine.” Remote Sensing of Environment 256: 112318. doi:10.1016/j.rse.2021.112318.
  • Liang, D., H. Guo, L. Zhang, H. Li, and X. Wang. 2022. “Sentinel-1 EW Mode Dataset for Antarctica from 2014–2020 Produced by the CASEarth Cloud Service Platform.” Big Earth Data 6 (4): 385–400. doi:10.1080/20964471.2021.1976706.
  • Lingyan, C., L. Zhi, and Z. Hong. 2015. “SAR Image Water Extraction Based on Scattering Characteristics.” Remote Sensing Technology and Application 29 (6): 963–969. doi:10.11873/j.issn.1004-0323.2014.6.0963.
  • Lu, S., L. Jia, L. Zhang, Y. Wei, M. H. A. Baig, Z. Zhai, J. Meng, X. Li, and G. Zhang. 2017. “Lake Water Surface Mapping in the Tibetan Plateau Using the MODIS MOD09Q1 Product.” Remote Sensing Letters 8 (3): 224–233. doi:10.1080/2150704X.2016.1260178.
  • Luo, X., X. Tong, and Z. Hu. 2021. “An Applicable and Automatic Method for Earth Surface Water Mapping Based on Multispectral Images.” International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation 103: 102472. doi:10.1016/j.jag.2021.102472
  • Moser, K. A., J. S. Baron, J. Brahney, I. A. Oleksy, J. E. Saros, E. J. Hundey, S. Sadro, et al. 2019. “Mountain Lakes: Eyes on Global Environmental Change.” Global and Planetary Change 178: 77–95. doi:10.1016/j.gloplacha.2019.04.001.
  • Mulch, A., and C. P. Chamberlain. 2006. “The Rise and Growth of Tibet.” Nature 439 (7077): 670–671. doi:10.1038/439670a.
  • Müller, R., S. Kornblith, and G. E. Hinton. 2019. “When Does Label Smoothing Help?” Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, 32. doi:10.48550/arXiv.1906.02629.
  • Otsu, N. 1979. “A Threshold Selection Method from Gray-Level Histograms.” IEEE Transactions on Systems, man, and Cybernetics 9 (1): 62–66. doi:10.1109/TSMC.1979.4310076.
  • Pritchard, H. D. 2019. “Asia’s Shrinking Glaciers Protect Large Populations from Drought Stress.” Nature 569 (7758): 649–654. doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1240-1.
  • Qiao, B., L. Zhu, and R. Yang. 2019. “Temporal-spatial Differences in Lake Water Storage Changes and Their Links to Climate Change Throughout the Tibetan Plateau.” Remote Sensing of Environment 222: 232–243. doi:10.1016/j.rse.2018.12.037.
  • Qiu, Y., H. K. Lappalainen, T. Che, S. Sandven, and T. Zhao. 2022. “Observations and Geophysical Value-Added Datasets for Cold High Mountain and Polar Regions.” Big Earth Data 6 (4): 381–384. doi:10.1080/20964471.2022.2154974.
  • Sandler, M., A. Howard, M. Zhu, A. Zhmoginov, and L. C. Chen. 2018. “Mobilenetv2: Inverted Residuals and Linear Bottlenecks.” Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, 4510–4520.
  • Shao, Z., X. Meng, D. Zhu, D. Zheng, Z. Qiao, C. Yang, J. Yu, Q. Meng, and R. Lü. 2008. “Characteristics of the Change of Major Lakes on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in the Last 25 Years.” Frontiers of Earth Science in China 2 (3): 364–377. doi:10.1007/s11707-008-0038-5.
  • Shean, D. E., S. Bhushan, P. Montesano, D. R. Rounce, A. Arendt, and B. Osmanoglu. 2020. “A Systematic, Regional Assessment of High Mountain Asia Glacier Mass Balance.” Frontiers in Earth Science 7: 363. doi:10.3389/feart.2019.00363.
  • Skakun, S. 2010. “A Neural Network Approach to Flood Mapping Using Satellite Imagery.” Computing and Informatics 29 (6): 1013–1024. url:https://www.cai.sk/ojs/index.php/cai/article/view/127.
  • Song, C., B. Huang, K. Richards, L. Ke, and V. Hien Phan. 2014. “Accelerated Lake Expansion on the Tibetan Plateau in the 2000s: Induced by Glacial Melting or Other Processes?” Water Resources Research 50 (4): 3170–3186. doi:10.1002/2013WR014724.
  • Strozzi, T., A. Wiesmann, A. Kääb, S. Joshi, and P. Mool. 2012. “Glacial Lake Mapping with Very High Resolution Satellite SAR Data.” Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 12 (8): 2487–2498. doi:10.5194/nhess-12-2487-2012.
  • Szegedy, C., V. Vanhoucke, S. Ioffe, J. Shlens, and Z. Wojna. 2016. “Rethinking the Inception Architecture for Computer Vision.” Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, 2818–2826.
  • Tong, X., X. Luo, S. Liu, H. Xie, W. Chao, S. Liu, S. Liu, A. N. Makhinov, A. F. Makhinova, and Y. Jiang. 2018. “An Approach for Flood Monitoring by the Combined use of Landsat 8 Optical Imagery and COSMO-SkyMed Radar Imagery.” ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing 136: 144–153. doi:10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2017.11.006.
  • Twele, A., W. Cao, S. Plank, and S. Martinis. 2016. “Sentinel-1-based Flood Mapping: A Fully Automated Processing Chain.” International Journal of Remote Sensing 37 (13): 2990–3004. doi:10.1080/01431161.2016.1192304.
  • Vörösmarty, C. J., P. B. McIntyre, M. O. Gessner, D. Dudgeon, A. Prusevich, P. Green, S. Glidden, et al. 2010. “Global Threats to Human Water Security and River Biodiversity.” Nature 467 (7315): 555–561. doi:10.1038/nature09440.
  • Wang, X., Y. Qiu, Y. Zhang, J. Lemmetyinen, B. Cheng, W. Liang, and M. Leppäranta. 2022. “A Lake ice Phenology Dataset for the Northern Hemisphere Based on Passive Microwave Remote Sensing.” Big Earth Data 6 (4): 401–419. doi:10.1080/20964471.2021.1992916.
  • Wang, X., F. Siegert, A. G. Zhou, and J. Franke. 2013. “Glacier and Glacial Lake Changes and Their Relationship in the Context of Climate Change, Central Tibetan Plateau 1972–2010.” Global and Planetary Change 111: 246–257. doi:10.1016/j.gloplacha.2013.09.011.
  • Wong, C. P., B. Jiang, T. J. Bohn, K. N. Lee, D. P. Lettenmaier, D. Ma, and Z. Ouyang. 2017. “Lake and Wetland Ecosystem Services Measuring Water Storage and Local Climate Regulation.” Water Resources Research 53 (4): 3197–3223. doi:10.1002/2016WR019445.
  • Wu, H., H. Song, J. Huang, et al. 2022. “Flood Detection in Dual-Polarization SAR Images Based on Multi-Scale Deeplab Model.” Remote Sensing 14 (20): 5181. doi:10.3390/rs14205181.
  • Yao, T., T. Bolch, D. Chen, J. Gao, W. Immerzeel, S. Piao, F. Su, et al. 2022. “The Thaw Beneath our Feet.” Nature Reviews Earth & Environment 3: 1–1. doi:10.1038/s43017-021-00261-w.
  • Yao, T., V. Masson-Delmotte, J. Gao, W. Yu, X. Yang, C. Risi, C. Sturm, et al. 2013. “A Review of Climatic Controls on δ18O in Precipitation Over the Tibetan Plateau: Observations and Simulations.” Reviews of Geophysics 51 (4): 525–548. doi:10.1002/rog.20023.
  • Yao, T., L. G. Thompson, V. Mosbrugger, F. Zhang, Y. Ma, T. Luo, B. Xu, et al. 2012. “Third Pole Environment (TPE).” Environmental Development 3: 52–64. doi:10.1016/j.envdev.2012.04.002.
  • Zeng, L., M. Schmitt, L. Li, and X. X. Zhu. 2017. “Analysing Changes of the Poyang Lake Water Area Using Sentinel-1 Synthetic Aperture Radar Imagery.” International Journal of Remote Sensing 38 (23): 7041–7069. doi:10.1080/01431161.2017.1370151.
  • Zhang, X., N. W. Chan, B. Pan, X. Ge, and H. Yang. 2021. “Mapping Flood by the Object-Based Method Using Backscattering Coefficient and Interference Coherence of Sentinel-1 Time Series.” Science of The Total Environment 794: 148388. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148388.
  • Zhang, Y., B. Li, and D. Zheng. 2002. “A Discussion on the Boundary and Area of the Tibetan Plateau in China.” Geographical Research 21 (1): 1–8. doi:10.11821/yj2002010001.
  • Zhang, Y., H. Ren, and X. Pan. 2017. “Integration dataset of Tibet Plateau boundary” (dataset). National Tibetan Plateau Data Center, Accessed June 11, 2019.
  • Zhang, G., T. Yao, W. Chen, G. Zheng, C. K. Shum, K. Yang, A. Piao, et al. 2019. “Regional Differences of Lake Evolution Across China During 1960s–2015 and its Natural and Anthropogenic Causes.” Remote Sensing of Environment 221: 386–404. doi:10.1016/j.rse.2018.11.038.
  • Zhang, G., T. Yao, H. Xie, S. Kang, and Y. Lei. 2013. “Increased Mass Over the Tibetan Plateau: From Lakes or Glaciers?” Geophysical Research Letters 40 (10): 2125–2130. doi:10.1002/grl.50462.
  • Zhang, R., L. Zhu, Q. Ma, H. Chen, C. Liu, and M. Zubaida. 2021. “The Consecutive Lake Group Water Storage Variations and Their Dynamic Response to Climate Change in the Central Tibetan Plateau.” Journal of Hydrology 601: 126615. doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2021.126615.