References
- Adamson, M. (2016, July). Markets without subjects: NASDAQ and the financial interface. New Formations, 88(88), 69–87. doi:10.3898/NEWF.88.05.2016
- Alibaba. (2019). 2018 Annual Report. Retrieved from https://www.alibabagroup.com/en/ir/secfilings
- Altomonte, C., Saggiorato, L., & Sforza, A. (2012). TNC’s global characteristics and subsidiaries’ performance across European regions. Transnational Corporations, 21(2), 1–20. doi:10.18356/d41edaaa-en
- Baidu. (2019). 2018 Annual report. Retrieved from http://ir.baidu.com/static-files/4ce88b07-60fe-4561-9cc9-2b0e0ec9dfd6
- BBC News. (2015, January 30). China overtakes US for foreign direct investment. Retrieved from http://www.bbc.com/news/business-31052566
- Calliess, G. (2011). Transnational corporations revisited. Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies, 18(2), 601–615.
- Casey, C. P. (1987). The 1986 provisions to encourage foreign investment in China: Further evolution in Chinese investment laws. American University International Law Review, 2(2), 579–614.
- Chen, C. (1996). Recent developments in foreign direct investment in China. Chinese Economies Research Centre Working Paper No. 3. University of Adelaide.
- Chen, W. (2015, January 20). Waiguo touzifa (caoan zhengqiu yijian gao) dui xieyi gongzhi moshi (VIE jiegou) de yingxiang 《外国投资法(草案征求意见稿)》对协议控制模式(VIE 结构)的影响 [The influence of the foreign investment law (draft for comment) on the VIE structure]. Junhe LLP. Retrieved from http://www.westlawchina.com/NewsLetter/view.php?id=156
- Corr, T. (2006, March). Boom, bust, boom: Internet company valuations – From Netscape to Google. Financier, 13–14, 66–84.
- Crunchbase. (2019, April 4). Ant financial. Company information. Retrieved from https://www.crunchbase.com/organization/ant-financial#section-investors
- Dowling, S. (2019, January 14). After frenetic start, China’s VC ecosystem cools in late 2018. Crunchbase News. Retrieved from https://news.crunchbase.com/news/after-frenetic-start-chinas-vc-ecosystem-cools-in-late-2018/
- Efremov, V., & Vladimirova, I. (2018). On the quality of a multinational company’s transnationality index. The Global Studies Journal, 11(4), 25–31. doi:10.18848/1835-4432/CGP/v11i04/25-31
- Endeshaw, A. (2004). Internet regulation in China: The never-ending cat and mouse game. Information & Communications Technology Law, 13(1), 41–57. doi:10.1080/1360083042000190634
- EY. (2018, January 11). 境外投资监管新变化新启示 (Belt-and-road other insights). Retrieved from https://www.ey.com/Publication/vwLUAssets/ey-belt-and-road-other-insights-11-jan-2018/$FILE/ey-belt-and-road-other-insights-11-jan-2018.pdf
- Ferrary, M., & Granovetter, M. (2009). The role of venture capital firms in Silicon Valley’s complex innovation network. Economy and Society, 38(2), 326–359. doi:10.1080/03085140902786827
- Forbes. (2018, September 20). The 2018 Digital 100. Retrieved from https://www.forbes.com/sites/andreamurphy/2018/09/20/the-2018-digital-100/#144885866137
- Geier, B. (2015, March 12). What did we learn from the dotcom stock bubble of 2000? Time. Retrieved from http://time.com/3741681/2000-dotcom-stock-bust/
- Gonzales, J., & Ohara, F. (2019). Chinese venture investments in the United States, 2010–2017. Thunderbird International Business Review, 61(2), 123–131. doi:10.1002/tie.22017
- Guo, L. (2014). Chinese-style VIEs: Continuing to sneak under smog? Cornell International Law Journal, 47, 569–606.
- Hanemann, T., Gao, C., & Lysenko, A. (2019, January 13). Net negative: Chinese investment in the US in 2018. Rhodium Group. Retrieved from https://rhg.com/research/chinese-investment-in-the-us-2018-recap/
- He, L. (2017, October 23). China’s “going global” enters new phase. South China Morning Post. Retrieved from https://www.scmp.com/news/china/policies-politics/article/2116475/chinas-going-global-enters-new-phase-western-firms
- Hong, Y. (2011a). Labor, class formation, and China’s informationized policy of economic development. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books.
- Hong, Y. (2011b). Reading the twelfth five-year plan: China’s communication-driven mode of economic restructuring. International Journal of Communication, 5, 1045–1057.
- Hong, Y. (2017a). Pivot to Internet Plus: Molding China’s digital economy for economic restructuring? International Journal of Communication, 11, 1486–1506.
- Hong, Y. (2017b). Networking China: The digital transformation of the Chinese economy. Champaign, IL: University of Illinois Press.
- Hughes, C. R., & Wacker, G. (2003). China and the Internet: Politics of the digital leap forward. London: Routledge.
- Jia, L. (2018). Going public and going global: Chinese Internet companies and global finance networks. Westminster Papers in Communication and Culture, 13(1), 17–36. doi:10.16997/wpcc.280
- Jia, L., & Winseck, D. (2018). The political economy of Chinese Internet companies: Financialization, concentration, and capitalization. International Communication Gazette, 80(1), 30–59. doi:10.1177/1748048517742783
- Jin, D. Y. (2008). Neoliberal restructuring of the global communication system: Mergers and acquisitions. Media, Culture & Society, 30(3), 357–373.
- Lagerkvist, J. (2010). After the Internet, before democracy: Competing norms in Chinese media and society. Bern: Lang.
- Lardy, N. (2014). Markets over Mao: The rise of private business in China. Washington DC: Peterson Institute for International Economics.
- Lee, G., & Ng, E. (2019, February 2). Will China lose its tech mojo as venture capital for innovative start-ups gets harder to come by? South China Morning Post. Retrieved from https://www.scmp.com/business/money/markets-investing/article/2184723/will-china-lose-its-tech-mojo-venture-capital-edgy
- Li, J. Y. (2005). Investing in China: The emerging venture capital industry. London: Gmb.
- Lin, J. Y. (2011). China and the global economy. China Economic Journal, 4(1), 1–14. doi:10.1080/17538963.2011.609612
- Long, G. (2005). China’s policies on FDI: Review and evaluation. In T. H. Moran, E. M. Graham, & M. Blamestorm (Eds.), Does foreign direct investment promote development? (pp. 315–336). Washington, DC: Institute for International Economics.
- McChesney, R. (2007). Communication revolution: Critical junctures and the future of media. New York: New Press.
- MIIT. (2018, July 27). 2018 年中国互联网企业百强榜单揭晓 (List of 2018 top 100 Chinese Internet companies announced). Retrieved from http://www.miit.gov.cn/n1146290/n1146402/n1146455/c6279591/content.html
- MOFCOM. (2015, January 27). Statistics of FDI in China in January–December 2014. Retrieved from http://english.mofcom.gov.cn/article/statistic/foreigninvestment/201504/20150400942402.shtml
- MOFCOM. (2018, January 25). 商务部合作司负责人解读《对外投资备案(核准)报告暂行办法》 (Explanations on “administrative measures” by MOFOCOM spokesperson). Retrieved from http://hzs.mofcom.gov.cn/article/zcfb/b/201801/20180102703963.shtml
- MOFCOM. (2018). Report on development of China’s outward investments. Retrieved from http://images.mofcom.gov.cn/fec/201901/20190128155348158.pdf
- Mosco, V. (1988). Toward a theory of the state and telecommunications policy. Journal of Communication, 38(1), 107–124. doi:10.1111/j.1460-2466.1988.tb02040.x
- Mu, L. (2004). Changes and consistency: China’s media market after WTO entry. Journal of Media Economics, 17(3), 177–192.
- Negro, G. (2017). The Internet in China: From infrastructure to a nascent civil society. Cham, Switzerland: Palgrave Macmillan.
- Pearson, P. (2012, October 18). Looking at Chinese VIE’s. Forbes. Retrieved from http://www.forbes.com/sites/richardpearson/2012/10/18/looking-at-chinese-vies/#9806991793af
- PitchBook. (2017, May 2). The six most active US-based VC investors in China. Retrieved from https://pitchbook.com/newsletter/the-6-most-active-us-based-vc-investors-in-china
- Ramsey, J., Barakat, L., & Cretoiu, S. (2012). Internationalization and its possible impact on subjective and objective performance: Evidence from Brazilian TNCs. Transnational Corporations, 21(2), 21–46. doi:10.18356/8e2c91ba-en
- Roberts, D., & Hall, T. (2011, October). VIE structures in China: What do you need to know? O’Melveny & Myers LLP. Retrieved from https://www.omm.com/files/Uploads/Documents/VIE%20Structures%20in%20China%20-%20What%20You%20Need%20to%20Know.pdf
- Rowley, J. (2018, December 18). U.S.–China VC deal flow rises despite trade tensions. Crunchbase News. Retrieved from https://news.crunchbase.com/news/u-s-china-vc-deal-flow-rises-despite-trade-tensions/#
- Rutsch, H. (1999). The foreign direct investment network. UN Chronicle, 2, 46–48.
- Schiller, D. (2014). Digital depression: Information technology and economic crisis. Champaign, IL: University of Illinois Press.
- Shambaugh, D. (2007). China's propaganda system: Institutions, processes and efficacy. The China Journal, 57, 25–58. doi:10.1086/tcj.57.20066240
- Shapiro, C., & Varian, H. R. (1999). Information rules: A strategic guide to the network economy. Boston: Harvard Business.
- Shen, H. (2017). Across the Great (fire) Wall: China and the global Internet (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
- Shirk, S. (2011). Changing media, changing China. New York: Oxford University Press.
- Sina. (2016, April 25). Ziben quandi yundong: Nasidake fencing ji jueqi shimo 资本圈地运动:纳斯达克分层及崛起始末 [The capital enclosure movement: The rise of NASDAQ]. Retrieved from http://finance.sina.com.cn/zl/stock/20160425/141224614220.shtml
- Sohu. (2019). 2018 annual report. Retrieved from http://investors.sohu.com/static-files/227e128b-1893-416a-bb71-9ed68214fa23
- Soo, Z. (2017, January 13). Venture capital investments in China surge to record US$31 billion. South China Morning Post. Retrieved from http://www.scmp.com/business/china-business/article/2062011/venture-capital-investments-china-surge-record-us31-billion
- Su, W. (2015). From culture for the people to culture for profit: The PRC’s journey toward a cultural industries approach. International Journal of Cultural Policy, 21(5), 513–528. doi:10.1080/10286632.2014.931382
- Tan, Z. (1999). Regulating China's Internet: Convergence toward a coherent regulatory regime. Telecommunications Policy, 23, 261–276.
- Tang, M. (2019). Tencent: The political economy of China’s surging Internet giant. New York: Routledge.
- UNCTAD. (n.d.). World investment report. Retrieved from https://unctad.org/en/Pages/DIAE/World%20Investment%20Report/World_Investment_Report.aspx
- UNCTAD. (1998, November 2). Cross-border mergers & acquisitions dominate foreign direct investment flows. Retrieved from https://unctad.org/en/pages/PressReleaseArchive.aspx?ReferenceDocId=3150
- Wang, J. (2017). Stir-frying Internet finance: Financialization and the institutional role of financial news in China. International Journal of Communication, 11, 581–602.
- Wang, K., Zeng, J., Chen, B., Feng, X., Zhao, Z., & Cheng, Y. (2019, March 15). Jinru waishangtouzifa shidai waishang touzi falv shiwu de bianhua yu tiaozhan 进入《外商投资法》时代 – – 外商投资法律实务的变化与挑战 (Entering the era of foreign investment law: Changes and challenges to foreign investment law practices). Retrieved from https://www.chinalawinsight.com/2019/03/articles/foreign-investment/ 进入《外商投资法》时代-外商投资法律实务的/
- Wang, L. (2007). Four essays on venture capital (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Hong Kong University of Science and Technology.
- Xia, B., & Fuchs, C. (2016). The financialisation of digital capitalism in China. Westminster Institute for Advanced Studies, 4, 3–32.
- Yang, G. (2014). The return of ideology and the future of Chinese Internet policy. Critical Studies in Media Communication, 31(2), 109–113. doi:10.1080/15295036.2014.913803
- Yang, Y. (2018, July 5). China surpasses North America in attracting venture capital funding for the first time as investors chase 1.4 billion consumers. South China Morning Post. Retrieved from https://www.scmp.com/tech/article/2153798/china-surpasses-north-america-attracting-venture-capital-funding-first-time
- Zeng, F. (2004). Venture capital investments in China. The Pardee RAND graduate school dissertation series. Santa Monica, CA: .Rand
- Zeng, H. (1999). Chinese foreign investment laws: Recent developments toward a market economy. Singapore: World Scientific.
- Zhang, T. (2011). China’s regulation and systematization of the Internet. China Media Report Overseas, 7(3), 1–6.
- Zhao, Y., & Schiller, D. (2001). Dances with wolves? China's integration with digital capitalism. Info, 3(2), 137–151. doi:10.1108/14636690110801879
- Zhao, Y. (2008). Communication in China: Political economy, power, and conflict. Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield.
- Zhao, Y. (2010). China’s pursuits of indigenous innovations in information technology developments: Hopes, follies, and uncertainties. Chinese Journal of Communication, 3(3), 266–289. doi:10.1080/17544750.2010.499628