75
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

Globalization in international tensions: the impact of military conflicts on the cultural orientations of multinational corporations’ advertising in modern China (1932–1937)

ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon & ORCID Icon
Received 10 Nov 2023, Accepted 08 Apr 2024, Published online: 20 May 2024

References

  • Afesorgbor, S. K. (2019). The impact of economic sanctions on international trade: How do threatened sanctions compare with imposed sanctions? European Journal of Political Economy, 56, 11–26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2018.06.002
  • Agarwal, S. (1994). Socio-cultural distance and the choice of joint ventures: A contingency perspective. Journal of International Marketing, 2(2), 63–80. https://doi.org/10.1177/1069031X9400200205
  • Albino-Pimentel, J., Oetzel, J., Oh, C. H., & Poggioli, N. A. (2021). Positive institutional changes through peace: The relative effects of peace agreements and non-market capabilities on FDI. Journal of International Business Studies, 52(7), 1256–1278. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41267-021-00453-y
  • Alon, I., & Herbert, T. T. (2009). A stranger in a strange land: Micro political risk and the multinational firm. Business Horizons, 52(2), 127–137. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bushor.2008.09.004
  • Alon, I., Jaffe, E., Prange, C., & Vianelli, D. (2020). Global marketing: Strategy, practice, and cases (3rd ed.). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429203343
  • Anderton, C. H., & Carter, J. R. (2001). The impact of war on trade: An interrupted times-series study. Journal of Peace Research, 38(4), 445–457. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022343301038004003
  • Arikan, I., & Shenkar, O. (2013). National animosity and cross-border alliances. Academy of Management Journal, 56(6), 1516–1544. https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2011.0210
  • Barbieri, K., & Levy, J. S. (1999). Sleeping with the enemy: The impact of war on trade. Journal of Peace Research, 36(4), 463–479. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022343399036004005
  • Benischke, M. H., Guldiken, O., Doh, J. P., Martin, G., & Zhang, Y. (2022). Towards a behavioral theory of MNC response to political risk and uncertainty: The role of CEO wealth at risk. Journal of World Business, 57(1), 101265. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwb.2021.101265
  • Boubaker, S., Goodell, J. W., Pandey, D. K., & Kumari, V. (2022). Heterogeneous impacts of wars on global equity markets: Evidence from the invasion of Ukraine. Finance Research Letters, 48, 102934. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.frl.2022.102934
  • Boussebaa, M. (2020). From cultural differences to cultural globalization: Towards a new research agenda in cross-cultural management studies. Critical Perspectives on International Business, 17(3), 381–398. https://doi.org/10.1108/cpoib-01-2020-0003
  • Breidenbach, J., & Nyíri, P. (2011). Seeing culture everywhere: From genocide to consumer habits. University of Washington Press.
  • Butzbach, O., Fuller, D. B., & Schnyder, G. (2020). Manufacturing discontent: National institutions, multinational firm strategies, and anti-globalization backlash in advanced economies. Global Strategy Journal, 10(1), 67–93. https://doi.org/10.1002/gsj.1369
  • Clark, D. R., Li, D., & Shepherd, D. A. (2018). Country familiarity in the initial stage of foreign market selection. Journal of International Business Studies, 49(4), 442–472. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41267-017-0099-3
  • Crozet, M., & Hinz, J. (2020). Friendly fire: The trade impact of the Russia sanctions and counter-sanctions. Economic Policy, 35(101), 97–146. https://doi.org/10.1093/epolic/eiaa006
  • Davis, C. L., & Meunier, S. (2011). Business as usual? Economic responses to political tensions. American Journal of Political Science, 55(3), 628–646. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2010.00507.x
  • de Mooij, M. K. (1998). Global marketing and advertising: Understanding cultural paradoxes. Sage Publications, Inc.
  • de Mooij, M., & Hofstede, G. (2010). The Hofstede model: Applications to global branding and advertising strategy and research. International Journal of Advertising, 29(1), 85–110. https://doi.org/10.2501/S026504870920104X
  • De Nisco, A., Massi, M., & Papadopoulos, N. (2020). Partners or foes? Cross-country consumer animosity, ethnocentrism, and nationalism in times of international crisis. Journal of Global Marketing, 33(3), 207–222. https://doi.org/10.1080/08911762.2020.1744209
  • Desbordes, R., & Vicard, V. (2009). Foreign direct investment and bilateral investment treaties: An international political perspective. Journal of Comparative Economics, 37(3), 372–386. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jce.2009.05.001
  • Eriksson, K., Johanson, J., Majkgård, A., & Sharma, D. D. (1997). Experiential knowledge and costs in the internationalization process. Journal of International Business Studies, 28(2), 337–360. https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8490104
  • Gamso, J., & Nelson, R. C. (2019). Does partnering with the World Bank shield investors from political risks in less developed countries? Journal of World Business, 54(5), 100997. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwb.2019.100997
  • Gao, Z. (2012). Chinese grassroots nationalism and its impact on foreign brands. Journal of Macromarketing, 32(2), 181–192. https://doi.org/10.1177/0276146711428808
  • Getz, K. A., & Oetzel, J. (2009). MNE strategic intervention in violent conflict: Variations based on conflict characteristics. Journal of Business Ethics, 89(S4), 375–386. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-010-0412-6
  • Gowa, J., & Mansfield, E. D. (1993). Power politics and international trade. American Political Science Review, 87(2), 408–420. https://doi.org/10.2307/2939050
  • Hamamura, T., Chen, Z., Chan, C. S., Chen, S. X., & Kobayashi, T. (2021). Individualism with Chinese characteristics? Discerning cultural shifts in China using 50 years of printed texts. American Psychologist, 76(6), 888–903. https://doi.org/10.1037/amp0000840
  • Hao, Y., Farooq, Q., & Sun, Y. (2018). Development of theoretical framework and measures for the role of social media in realizing corporate social responsibility through native and non-native communication modes: Moderating effects of cross-cultural management. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 25(4), 704–711. https://doi.org/10.1002/csr.1523
  • Heilmann, K. (2016). Does political conflict hurt trade? Evidence from consumer boycotts. Journal of International Economics, 99, 179–191. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinteco.2015.11.008
  • Hitt, M. A., Li, H., & Worthington, W. J. (2005). Emerging markets as learning laboratories: Learning behaviors of local firms and foreign entrants in different institutional contexts. Management and Organization Review, 1(3), 353–380. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1740-8784.2005.0019a.x
  • Huntington, S. P. (1993). The clash of civilizations? Foreign Affairs, 72(3), 22–49. https://doi.org/10.2307/20045621
  • Jiménez, A., & Delgado-García, J. B. (2012). Proactive management of political risk and corporate performance: The case of Spanish multinational enterprises. International Business Review, 21(6), 1029–1040. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibusrev.2011.11.008
  • Jiménez, N. H., & San Martín, S. (2010). The role of country-of-origin, ethnocentrism and animosity in promoting consumer trust. The moderating role of familiarity. International Business Review, 19(1), 34–45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibusrev.2009.10.001
  • Kassicieh, S. K., & Nassar, J. R. (1986). Political risk in the gulf: The impact of the Iran-Iraq war on governments and multinational corporations. California Management Review, 28(2), 69–86. https://doi.org/10.2307/41165185
  • Kohli, A. K., & Jaworski, B. J. (1990). Market orientation: The construct, research propositions, and managerial implications. Journal of Marketing, 54(2), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224299005400201
  • Korovkin, V., & Makarin, A. (2023). Conflict and intergroup trade: Evidence from the 2014 Russia-Ukraine crisis. American Economic Review, 113(1), 34–70. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.20191701
  • Kühschelm, O. (2020). Buy national campaigns: Patriotic shopping and the capitalist nation state. Journal of Modern European History, 18(1), 79–95. https://doi.org/10.1177/1611894419894503
  • Kwon, C.-W., & Lapan, H. E. (2011). Does market familiarity bless multinational in strategic competition? Japan and the World Economy, 23(1), 58–62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.japwor.2010.11.002
  • Lamotte, O. (2012). Disentangling the impact of wars and sanctions on international trade: Evidence from former Yugoslavia. Comparative Economic Studies, 54(3), 553–579. https://doi.org/10.1057/ces.2012.17
  • Lawton, T. C., Doh, J. P., & Rajwani, T. (2014). Aligning for advantage: Competitive strategies for the political and social arenas. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:Oso/9780199604746.001.0001
  • Levitt, T. (1983). The globalization of markets. Harvard Business Review, 61(3), 93–94. https://hbr.org/1983/05/the-globalization-of-markets
  • Li, J., Meyer, K. E., Zhang, H., & Ding, Y. (2018). Diplomatic and corporate networks: Bridges to foreign locations. Journal of International Business Studies, 49(6), 659–683. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41267-017-0098-4
  • Li, Q., & Sacko, D. H. (2002). The (ir)relevance of militarized interstate disputes for international trade. International Studies Quarterly, 46(1), 11–43. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-2478.00221
  • Liadze, I., Macchiarelli, C., Mortimer-Lee, P., & Sanchez Juanino, P. (2023). Economic costs of the Russia-Ukraine war. World Economy, 46(4), 874–886. https://doi.org/10.1111/twec.13336
  • Liao, S., & Xia, G. (2023). Consumer nationalism in digital space: A case study of the 2017 anti-lotte boycott in China. Convergence: The International Journal of Research into New Media Technologies, 29(6), 1535–1554. https://doi.org/10.1177/13548565221090198
  • Lin, C. A. (2001). Cultural values reflected in Chinese and American television advertising. Journal of Advertising, 30(4), 83–94. https://doi.org/10.1080/00913367.2001.10673653
  • Liou, R.-S., Brown, L. W., & Hasija, D. (2021). Political animosity in cross-border acquisitions: EMNCs’ market and nonmarket strategy in a developed market. Multinational Business Review, 29(4), 451–475. https://doi.org/10.1108/MBR-02-2020-0034
  • Luo, Y., & Van Assche, A. (2023). The rise of techno-geopolitical uncertainty: Implications of the United States CHIPS and Science Act. Journal of International Business Studies, 54(8), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41267-023-00620-3
  • Ma, Z., Liu, T.-H., & Xia, Y. (2023). Individual stress, contextual stress, and network attributes on cyberbullying perpetration among young adults during the COVID-19 lockdown. Deviant Behavior, 0(0), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1080/01639625.2023.2271117
  • Miller, S. R., & Eden, L. (2006). Local density and foreign subsidiary performance. Academy of Management Journal, 49(2), 341–355. https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2006.20786081
  • Minbaeva, D., Rabbiosi, L., & Stahl, G. K. (2018). Not walking the talk? How host country cultural orientations may buffer the damage of corporate values’ misalignment in multinational corporations. Journal of World Business, 53(6), 880–895. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwb.2018.07.005
  • Morrow, J. D. (1999). How could trade affect conflict? Journal of Peace Research, 36(4), 481–489. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022343399036004006
  • Moschieri, C., Ravasi, D., & Huy, Q. (2022). Why do some multinational firms respond better than others to the hostility of host governments? Proximal embedding and the side effects of local partnerships. Journal of Management Studies, 61(2), 627–685. https://doi.org/10.1111/joms.12809
  • Narver, J. C., & Slater, S. F. (1990). The effect of a market orientation on business profitability. Journal of Marketing, 54(4), 20–35. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224299005400403
  • Oetzel, J., & Miklian, J. (2017). Multinational enterprises, risk management, and the business and economics of peace. Multinational Business Review, 25(4), 270–286. https://doi.org/10.1108/MBR-09-2017-0064
  • Oh, C. H., & Oetzel, J. (2017). Once bitten twice shy? Experience managing violent conflict risk and MNC subsidiary-level investment and expansion. Strategic Management Journal, 38(3), 714–731. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.2498
  • Pan, Z., Chaffee, S. H., Chu, G. C., & Ju, Y. (1995). To see ourselves: Comparing traditional Chinese and American values (1st ed.). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780367274801
  • Pattnaik, C., Singh, D., & Gaur, A. S. (2021). Home country learning and international expansion of emerging market multinationals. Journal of International Management, 27(3), 100781. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intman.2020.100781
  • Purwono, R., Heriqbaldi, U., Esquivias, M. A., & Mubin, M. K. (2022). The American–China trade war and spillover effects on value-added exports from Indonesia. Sustainability, 14(5), 3093. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14053093
  • Ren, J. (2022). Self-cultivation as the root of all—The individual in the recursive process of “ensuring peace for all under heaven, good state governance and regulation of family affairs, and self-cultivation”. International Confucian Studies, 1(1), 64–80. https://doi.org/10.1515/icos-2022-2005
  • Rothaermel, F. T., Kotha, S., & Steensma, H. K. (2006). International market entry by U.S. internet firms: An empirical analysis of country risk, national culture, and market size. Journal of Management, 32(1), 56–82. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206305277793
  • Schmalzer, S. (2022). The global comrades of Mr. Democracy and Mr. Science: Placing May fourth in a transnational history of science activism. East Asian Science, Technology and Society: An International Journal, 16(3), 305–326. https://doi.org/10.1080/18752160.2020.1868698
  • Schwens, C., & Kabst, R. (2011). Internationalization of young technology firms: A complementary perspective on antecedents of foreign market familiarity. International Business Review, 20(1), 60–74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibusrev.2010.06.003
  • Shams, R., Vrontis, D., Belyaeva, Z., Ferraris, A., & Czinkota, M. R. (2021). Strategic agility in international business: A conceptual framework for “agile” multinationals. Journal of International Management, 27(1), 100737. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intman.2020.100737
  • Song, L., & Zhou, Y. (2020). The COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on the global economy: What does it take to turn crisis into opportunity? China & World Economy, 28(4), 1–25. https://doi.org/10.1111/cwe.12349
  • Song, S. (2020). Actualization of growth potential in international joint ventures: The moderating effects of localization strategies. Journal of World Business, 55(2), 101024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwb.2019.101024
  • Song, Y.-A., Ahn, H., & Sung, Y. (2014). Cultural values in financial services advertising: A cross-cultural study of magazine ads in the USA and Korea. Journal of Services Marketing, 28(5), 349–360. https://doi.org/10.1108/JSM-11-2012-0220
  • Steenkamp, J.-B E. M. (2019). Global versus local consumer culture: Theory, measurement, and future research directions. Journal of International Marketing, 27(1), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1177/1069031X18811289
  • Tan, J., & Wang, L. (2011). MNC strategic responses to ethical pressure: An institutional logic perspective. Journal of Business Ethics, 98(3), 373–390. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-010-0553-7
  • Tian, X. (2022). The art of rhetoric: Host country political hostility and the rhetorical strategies of foreign subsidiaries in developing economies. Journal of World Business, 57(5), 101360. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwb.2022.101360
  • Tsai, W.-H., Lee, W.-N., & Song, Y.-A. (2013). A cross-cultural study of consumer ethnocentrism between China and the U.S. Journal of International Consumer Marketing, 25(2), 80–93. https://doi.org/10.1080/08961530.2013.759043
  • Tunyi, A. A., Hussain, T., & Areneke, G. (2023). Deglobalization and the value of geographic diversification: Evidence from Brexit. International Journal of Managerial Finance, 20(2), 479–502. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJMF-12-2022-0564
  • Wenzel, M., Stanske, S., & Lieberman, M. B. (2020). Strategic responses to crisis. Strategic Management Journal, 42(2), 7–18. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.3161
  • White, G. O., Hemphill, T. A., Joplin, J. R. W., & Marsh, L. A. (2014). Wholly owned foreign subsidiary relation-based strategies in volatile environments. International Business Review, 23(1), 303–312. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibusrev.2013.05.006
  • Witt, M. A. (2019). De-globalization: Theories, predictions, and opportunities for international business research. Journal of International Business Studies, 50(7), 1053–1077. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41267-019-00219-7
  • Zhao, M., Park, S. H., & Zhou, N. (2014). MNC strategy and social adaptation in emerging markets. Journal of International Business Studies, 45(7), 842–861. https://doi.org/10.1057/jibs.2014.8
  • Zheng, D. (2019). Modern Chinese nationalism and the awakening of self-consciousness of the Chinese nation. International Journal of Anthropology and Ethnology, 3(1), 11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41257-019-0026-6
  • Zhu, L., Anagondahalli, D., & Zhang, A. (2017). Social media and culture in crisis communication: McDonald’s and KFC crises management in China. Public Relations Review, 43(3), 487–492. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pubrev.2017.03.006
  • Zhu, Y., & Sardana, D. (2020). Multinational enterprises’ risk mitigation strategies in emerging markets: A political coalition perspective. Journal of World Business, 55(2), 101044. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwb.2019.101044

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.