Feasibility of implementing the Adolescent Community Reinforcement Approach in school settings for adolescents with substance use disorders

REFERENCES

• Anglin, T. M., Naylor, K. E., & Kaplan, D. W. (1996). Comprehensive school-based health care: High school students' use of medical, mental health, and substance abuse services. Pediatrics, 97, 318–330.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Azrin, N. H. (1976). Improvements in the community reinforcement approach to alcoholism. Behavior Research and Therapy, 14, 339–348. 10.1016/0005-7967(76)90021-8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Azrin, N. H., Sisson, R. W., Meyers, R., & Godley, M. (1982). Alcoholism treatment by disulfiram and community reinforcement therapy. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 13, 105–112. 10.1016/0005-7916(82)90050-7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Botvin, G. J., Schinke, S. P., Epstein, J. A., & Diaz, T. (1994). The effectiveness of culturally focused and generic skills training approaches to alcohol and drug abuse prevention among minority youths. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 8, 116–127. 10.1037/0893-164X.8.2.116.
   Google Scholar
• Bray, J. W., Zarkin, G. A., Ringwalt, C., & Qi, J. (2000). The relationship between marijuana initiation and dropping out of high school. Health Economics, 9, 1–18. https://doi.org/doi:10.1002/(SICI)1099-1050(200001)9:1 < 9:AID-HEC471>3.0.CO;2-Z.
   Google Scholar
• Chan, Y. -F., Dennis, M. L., & Funk, R. R. (2008). Prevalence and comorbidity of major internalizing and externalizing problems among adolescents and adults presenting to substance abuse treatment. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 34, 14–24. 10.1016/j.jsat.2006.12.031.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chan, Y. -F., Passetti, L. L., Garner, B. R., Lloyd, J. J., & Dennis, M. L. (2011). HIV risk behaviors: Risky sexual activities and needle use among adolescents in substance abuse treatment. AIDS and Behavior, 15, 114–124. 10.1007/s10461-010-9702-3.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen, J. (1992). A power primer. Psychological Bulletin, 112, 155–159. 10.1037/0033-2909.112.1.155.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dennis, M. L., Chan, Y. -F., & Funk, R. (2006). Development and validation of the GAIN Short Screener (GSS) for internalizing, externalizing, and substance use disorders and crime/violence problems among adolescents and adults. American Journal on Addictions, 15, S80–S91. 10.1080/1055049061006055.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dennis, M. L., Dawud-Noursi, S., Muck, R. D., & McDermeit, M. (2003). The need for developing and evaluating adolescent treatment models. In S. J.Stevens & A. R.Morral (Eds.), Adolescent substance abuse treatment in the United States: Exemplary models from a National Evaluation Study (pp. 3–34). Binghamton, NY: Haworth Press.
   Google Scholar
• Dennis, M. L., Godley, S. H., Diamond, G., Tims, F. M., Babor, T., Donaldson, J., … Funk, R. R. (2004). The Cannabis Youth Treatment (CYT) Study: Main findings from two randomized trials. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 27, 197–213. 10.1016/j.jsat.2003.09.005.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dennis, M. L., Godley, S. H., & Godley, M. D. (2012). The effect of A-CRA treatment on subsequent health care utilization. Unpublished analyses.
   Google Scholar
• Dennis, M. L., Scott, C. K., & Funk, R. (2003). An experimental evaluation of recovery management checkups (RMC) for people with chronic substance use disorders. Evaluation and Program Planning, 26, 339–352. 10.1016/S0149-7189(03)00037-5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dennis, M. L., Titus, J. C., White, M., Unsicker, J., & Hodgkins, D. (2003). Global Appraisal of Individual Needs (GAIN): Administration guide for the GAIN and related measures. Bloomington, IL: Chestnut Health Systems.
   Google Scholar
• Fergusson, D. M., Horwood, L. J., & &Beautais, A. L. (2003). Cannabis and educational achievement. Addiction, 98, 1681–1692. 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2003.00573.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garner, B. R., Barnes, B., & Godley, S. H. (2009). Monitoring fidelity in the Adolescent Community Reinforcement Approach (A-CRA): The training process for A-CRA raters. Journal of Behavior Analysis in Health, Sports, Fitness, and Medicine, 2, 43–54.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Garner, B. R., Godley, S. H., Funk, R. R., Dennis, M. L., Smith, J. E., & Godley, M. D. (2009). Exposure to Adolescent-Community Reinforcement Approach treatment procedures as a mediator of the relationship between adolescent substance abuse treatment retention and outcome. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 36, 252–264. 10.1016/j.jsat.2008.06.007.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• the Washington Circle Public Sector Workgroup, Garnick, D. W., Lee, M. T., Horgan, C. M., & Acevedo, A. (2009). Adapting Washington Circle performance measures for public sector substance abuse treatment systems. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 36, 265–277. 10.1016/j.jsat.2008.06.008.
   Google Scholar
• Godley, S. H. (2006). Substance use, academic performance and the village school. Addiction, 101, 1685–1688. 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2006.01679.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Godley, S. H., Garner, B. R., Smith, J. E., Meyers, R. J., & Godley, M. D. (2011). A large-scale dissemination and implementation model for evidence-based treatment and continuing care. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 18, 67–83. 10.1111/j.1468-2850.2011.01236.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Godley, M. D., Godley, S. H., Dennis, M. L., Funk, R., & Passetti, L. (2002). Preliminary outcomes from the assertive continuing care experiment for adolescents discharged from residential treatment. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 23, 21–32. 10.1016/S0740-5472(02)00230-1.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Godley, M. D., Godley, S. H., Dennis, M. L., Funk, R. R., & Passetti, L. L. (2007). The effect of assertive continuing care on continuing care linkage, adherence and abstinence following residential treatment for adolescents with substance use disorders. Addiction, 102, 81–93. 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2006.01648.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Godley, S. H., Hedges, K., & Hunter, B. (2011). Gender and racial differences in treatment process and outcome among participants in the Adolescent Community Reinforcement Approach. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 25, 143–154. 10.1037/a0022179.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Godley, S. H., Hunter, B. D., Fernández-Artamendi, S., Smith, J. E., Meyers, R. J., & Godley, M. D. (in press). A comparison of treatment outcomes for Adolescent Community Reinforcement Approach participants with and without co-occurring problems. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment.
   Google Scholar
• Godley, S. H., Jones, N., Funk, R., Ives, M., & Passetti, L. L. (2004). Comparing outcomes of best-practice and research-based outpatient treatment protocols for adolescents. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs, 36, 35–48. 10.1080/02791072.2004.10399722.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Godley, S. H., Meyers, R. J., Smith, J. E., Godley, M. D., Titus, J. C., Karvinen, T., … Kelberg, P. (2001). The Adolescent Community Reinforcement Approach (ACRA) for adolescent cannabis users, Cannabis Youth Treatment Manual Series Vol. 4 (DHHS Publication No. (SMA) 01-3489)Rockville, MD: Center for Substance Abuse Treatment, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration.
   Google Scholar
• Godley, S. H., & White, W. L. (2006). Student assistance programs: A valuable resource for substance-involved adolescents. Counselor, 7, 66–70.
   Google Scholar
• Grella, C. E., Hser, Y.-I., Joshi, V., & Rounds-Bryant, J. (2001). Drug treatment outcomes for adolescents with comorbid mental and substance use disorders. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 189, 384–392.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grella, C. E., Joshi, V., & Hser, Y. -I. (2004). Effects of comorbidity on treatment processes and outcomes among adolescents in drug treatment programs. Journal of Child and Adolescent Substance Abuse, 13, 13–31. 10.1300/J029v13n04_02.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grenard, J. L., Ames, S. L., Wiers, R. W., Thush, C., Stacy, A. W., & Sussman, S. (2007). Brief intervention for substance use among at-risk adolescents: A pilot study. Journal of Adolescent Health, 40, 188–191. 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2006.08.008.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hostetler, M. L., & Fisher, K. (1997). Project C.A.R.E. substance abuse prevention program for high-risk youth: A longitudinal evaluation of program effectiveness. Journal of Community Psychology, 25, 397–419. https://doi.org/doi:10.1002/(SICI)1520-6629(199709)25:5 < 397:AID-JCOP3>3.0.CO;2-Q.
   Google Scholar
• Hser, Y. I., Grella, C. E., Hubbard, R. L., Hsieh, S. C., Fletcher, B. W., Brown, B. S., & Anglin, M. D. (2001). An evaluation of drug treatments for adolescents in four US cities. Archives of General Psychiatry, 58, 689–695. 10.1001/archpsyc.58.7.689.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hunt, G. M., & Azrin, N. H. (1973). A community-reinforcement approach to alcoholism. Behavior Research and Therapy, 11, 91–104. 10.1016/0005-7967(73)90072-7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hunter, S. (2012). Effectiveness of technology-assisted diffusion for evidence-based treatment. Grant number R01AA021217National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism.
   Google Scholar
• Hunter, B. D., Godley, S. H., Hesson-McInnis, M. S., & Roozen, H. G. (2013). Longitudinal change mechanisms for substance use and illegal activity for adolescents in treatment. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/doi:10.1037/a0034199.
   Google Scholar
• Ives, M. L., Chan, Y., Modisette, K. C., & Dennis, M. L. (2010). Characteristics, needs, services, and outcomes of youths in juvenile treatment drug courts as compared to adolescent outpatient treatment. Drug Court Review, 7, 10–56.
   Google Scholar
• Kaplan, D. W., Calonge, B. N., Guernsey, B. P., & Hanrahan, M. B. (1998). Managed care and school-based health centers. Archives of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, 152, 25–33. 10.1001/archpedi.152.1.25.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lennox, R., Dennis, M. L., Ives, M., & White, M. K. (2006). The construct and predictive validity of different approaches to combining urine and self-reported drug use measures among older adolescents after substance abuse treatment. American Journal on Addictions, 15, 92–101.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lennox, R. D., Dennis, M. L., Scott, C. K., & Funk, R. R. (2006). Combining psychometric and biometric measures of substance use. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 83, 95–103. 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2005.10.016.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lofink, H., Kuebler, J., Juszczak, L., Schlitt, J., Even, M., Rosenberg, J., & White, I. (2013). 2010–2011 School-Based Health Alliance census report. Washington, DC: School-Based Health Alliance.
   Google Scholar
• McClelland, G. M., Elkington, K. S., Teplin, L. A., & Abram, K. M. (2004). Multiple substance use disorders in juvenile detainees. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 43, 1215–1224.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meyers, R. J., & Smith, J. E. (1995). Clinical guide to alcohol treatment: The community reinforcement approach. New York: Guilford Press.
   Google Scholar
• Perepletchikova, F., & Kazdin, A. E. (2005). Treatment integrity and therapeutic change: Issues and research recommendations. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 12, 365–383. 10.1093/clipsy.bpi045.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perepletchikova, F., Treat, T. A., & Kazdin, A. E. (2007). Treatment integrity in psychotherapy research: Analysis of the studies and examination of the associated factors. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 75, 829–841. 10.1037/0022-006X.75.6.829.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rogers, J. L., Howard, K. I., & Vessey, J. T. (1993). Using significance tests to evaluate equivalence between two experimental groups. Psychological Bulletin, 113, 553–565. 10.1037/0033-2909.113.3.553.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rones, M., & Hoagwood, K. (2000). School-based mental health services: A research review. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 3, 223–241. 10.1023/A:1026425104386.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• SAMHSA. (2011). Results from the 2010 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Summary of national findings. (NSDUH Series 4-41, HHS Publication No. (SMA) 11-4658)Rockville, MD: Author.
   Google Scholar
• SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies. (2013). National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2011 & 2012. Retrieved December 31 from http://www.samhsa.gov/data/NSDUH/2012SummNatFindDetTables/DetTabs/NSDUH-DetTabsSect5peTabs1to56-2012.htm#Tab5.3A.
   Google Scholar
• Slesnick, N., Prestopnik, J. L., Meyers, R. J., & Glassman, M. (2007). Treatment outcome for street-living, homeless youth. Addictive Behaviors, 32, 1237–1251. 10.1016/j.addbeh.2006.08.010.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith, J. E., Gianini, L. M., Garner, B. R., Krall, K. L., & Godley, S. H. (in press). A behaviorally-anchored rating system to monitor treatment integrity for community clinicians using the Adolescent Community Reinforcement Approach. Journal of Child and Adolescent Substance Abuse.
   Google Scholar
• Smith, D. C., Godley, S. H., Godley, M. D., & Dennis, M. L. (2010). Community reinforcement approach outcomes among emerging adults and adolescents. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 34(Supplement 2), 288A.
   Google Scholar
• Smith, J. E., Lundy, S. L., & Gianini, L. (2007). Community Reinforcement Approach (CRA) and Adolescent Community Reinforcement Approach (A-CRA) coding manual. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico.
   Google Scholar
• Sterling, S., Valkanoff, T., Hinman, A., & Weisner, C. (2012). Integrating substance use treatment into adolescent health care. Current Psychiatry Reports, 14, 453–461. 10.1007/s11920-012-0304-9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sterling, S., & Weisner, C. (2005). Chemical dependency and psychiatric services for adolescents in private managed care: Implications for outcomes. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 25, 801–809. 10.1097/01.ALC.0000164373.89061.2.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Subramaniam, G., Ives, M. L., Stitzer, M. L., & Dennis, M. L. (2010). The added risk of opioid problem use among treatment-seeking youth with marijuana and/or alcohol problem use. Addiction, 105, 686–698. 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2009.02829.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Titus, J. C. (2010). The nature of victimization among youths with hearing loss in substance abuse treatment. American Annals of the Deaf, 155(1), 19–30. 10.1353/aad.0.0127.
   Google Scholar
• United States Department of Health and Human Services. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality. (2009). Treatment Episode Data Set – Discharges (TEDS-D), ICPSR1-v1. Ann Arbor, MI. Inter-University Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor], 2012-10-25. 10.3886/ICPSR33621.v1.
   Google Scholar
• Wagner, E. F., Tubman, J. G., & Gil, A. G. (2004). Implementing school-based substance abuse interventions: Methodological dilemmas and recommended solutions. Addiction, 2, 106–119. 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2004.00858.x.
   Google Scholar
• Weist, M. D., Myers, C. P., Hastings, E., Ghuman, H., & Han, Y. L. (1999). Psychosocial functioning of youth receiving mental health services in the schools versus community mental health centers. Community Mental Health Journal, 35(1), 69–81. 10.1023/A:1018700126364.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Winters, K. C., Fahnhorst, T., Botzet, A., Lee, S., & Lalone, B. (2012). Brief intervention for drug-abusing adolescents in a school setting: Outcomes and mediating factors. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 42, 279–288. 10.1016/j.jsat.2011.08.005.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Winters, K. C., Leitten, W., Wagner, E., & O'Leary, T. (2007). Use of brief interventions for drug abusing teenagers within a middle and high school setting. Journal of School Health, 77, 196–206. 10.1111/j.1746-1561.2007.00191.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar