Urban design in the digital age: a literature review of telework and wired communities

References

• Ahrentzen , S.B. 1990 . Managing conflict by managing boundaries: how professional home workers cope with multiple roles at home . Environment and Behaviour , 22 : 723 – 752 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Allen , S. and Wolkowitz , C. 1987 . Home working: Myths and realities , London : Macmillan Education .
   Google Scholar
• Anderson , J. , Bricout , J.C. and West , M.D. 2001 . Telecommuting: meeting the needs of businesses and employees with disabilities . Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation , 16 : 97 – 104 .
   Google Scholar
• Apgar , I.M. 1998 . The alternative workplace: changing where and how people work . Harvard Business Review , 76 (3) : 121 – 136 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Atkin , D.J. and Lau , T.Y. 2007 . “ Information technology and organizational telework ” . In Communication technology and social change , Edited by: Lin , C.A. and Atkin , D.J. 79 – 100 . London : Lawrence Erlbaum Associates .
   Google Scholar
• Audirac , I. and Fitzgerald , J. 2003 . Information technology (IT) and urban form an annotated bibliography of the urban deconcentration and economic restructuring literatures . Journal of Planning Literature , 17 (4) : 480 – 511 .
   Google Scholar
• Belanger , F. 1999 . Workers' propensity to telecommute: an empirical study . Information and Management , 35 (3) : 139 – 153 .
   Google Scholar
• Bentley , I. 1985 . Responsive environments: A manual for designers , London : Architectural Press .
   Google Scholar
• Benton Foundation . 1998 . Losing ground bit by bit: Low income communities in the Information Age , Washington, DC : Benton Foundation and National Urban League .
   Google Scholar
• Bernardino , A. , Ben‐Akiva , M. and Salomon , I. 1992 . Stated preference approach to modelling the adoption of telecommuting . Transportation Research Record , 1413 : 22 – 30 .
   Google Scholar
• Bottles , S.L. 1987 . Los Angeles and the automobile: The making of the modern city , Los Angeles, CA : University of California Press .
   Google Scholar
• Brooks , D. 2000 . Bo bos in paradise , New York, NY : Simon & Schuster .
   Google Scholar
• Bush , W. 1990 . Telecommuting the case of research software development . Technological Forecasting and Social Change , 37 : 235 – 250 .
   Google Scholar
• Bussing , A. 1998 . “ Teleworking and quality of life ” . In Teleworking, international perspectives from telecommuting to the virtual organization , Edited by: Jackson , P. and Wielen , J. v. 144 – 165 . London : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Cairncross , F. , ed. 2001 . The death of distance: How the communications revolution is changing our lives , Boston, MA : Harvard Business School Press .
   Google Scholar
• Calthorpe , P. 1993 . The next American metropolis: Ecology, community, and the American dream , New York, NY : Princeton Architectural Press .
   Google Scholar
• Calthorpe , P. 2005 . “ New urbanism: principles or styles ” . In New urbanism , Edited by: Fishman , R. 16 – 39 . Michigan City : Michigan Debates on Urbanism .
   Google Scholar
• Caplan , S.E. 2003 . Preference for online social interaction: a theory of problematic internet use and psychological well‐being . Communication Research , 30 : 625 – 648 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Caplan , S.E. , Perse , E.M. and Gennaria , J.E. 2007 . “ Computer‐mediated technology and social interaction ” . In Communication technology and social change , Edited by: Lin , C.A. and Atkin , D.J. 39 – 58 . London : Lawrence Erlbaum Associates .
   Google Scholar
• Castells , M. 1996 . The Information Age: The rise of the network society , Cambridge, MA : Blackwell .
   Google Scholar
• Castells , M. , ed. 2004 . The network society (a cross‐cultural perspective) , Cheltenham : Edward Elgar .
   Google Scholar
• Chapman , A. 1995 . “ The organisational implications of teleworking ” . In International review of industrial and organizational psychology , Edited by: Cooper , C. and Robertson , I. 29 – 48 . New York, NY : Wiley .
   Google Scholar
• Christensen , K. 1986 . Impacts of computer‐mediated home‐based work on women and their families , Washington, DC : Office of Technology Assessment .
   Google Scholar
• Christensen , K. 1988 . “ Introduction: White‐collar home‐based work: the changing U.S. economy and family ” . In The new era of home‐based work: Directions and policies , Edited by: Christensen , K. 1 – 11 . Boulder, CO : Westview .
   Google Scholar
• Clark , M.A. 2000 . Teleworking in the countryside: Home‐based working in the information society , Sydney : Ashgate .
   Google Scholar
• Clear , F. and Dickson , K. 2005 . Teleworking practice in small and medium‐sized firms: management style and worker autonomy . New Technology, Work and Employment , 20 (3) : 218 – 233 .
   Google Scholar
• Clifford , J.S. 2002 . Transcending locality‐driven lifestyle: The potential of the internet to redefine our neighbourhood patterns , Cambridge, MA : Harvard University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Cross , T. and Raizman , M. 1986 . Telecommuting the future technology of work , Homewood, IL : Down Jones‐Irwin .
   Google Scholar
• Duany , A. and Plater‐Zyberk , E. 1993 . “ The neighbourhood, the district and the corridor ” . In The new urbanism: Toward an architecture of community , Edited by: Katz , P. New York, NY : McGraw‐Hill .
   Google Scholar
• Duxbury , L. , Higgins , C. and Neufeld , D. 1998 . “ Telework and the balance between work and family: is telework part of the problem or part of the solution? ” . In The virtual workplace , Edited by: Igbaria , M. and Tan , M. 218 – 255 . Hershey, PA : Idea Group .
   Google Scholar
• Duxbury , L. and Neufeld , D. 1999 . An empirical evaluation of the impacts of telecommuting on intra‐organizational communication . Journal of Engineering and Technology Management , 16 : 1 – 28 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Florida , R. 2002 . The rise of the creative class , New York, NY : Basic Books .
   Google Scholar
• Florida , R. 2005a . Cities and the creative class , London : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Florida , R. 2005b . The flight of the creative class , New York, NY : Harper Business .
   Google Scholar
• Friedman , A. 2002 . Planning the new suburbia: Flexibility by design , Vancouver, BC : UBC Press .
   Google Scholar
• Fulk , J. and Jarvis , L.‐C. 2001 . “ Wired meetings: technological mediation of organizational gathering ” . In The new handbook of organizational communication , Edited by: Jablin , F. M. and Putnam , L. L. 624 – 663 . London : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• Garreau , J. 1992 . Edge city: Life on the new frontier , New York, NY : Anchor .
   Google Scholar
• Gehl , J. 1996 . Life between buildings , Copenhagen : Arkitektens Forlag Nyhavn .
   Google Scholar
• Geoghegan , J. 2002 . The value of open spaces in residential land use . Land Use Policy , 19 : 91 – 98 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gillespie , A. 1992 . “ Communications technologies and the future of the city ” . In Sustainable development and urban form , Edited by: Breheny , M. 67 – 77 . London : Pion .
   Google Scholar
• Gillespie , A. and Richardson , R. 2000 . “ Teleworking and the city: myths and workplace transcendence and travel reduction ” . In Cities in the telecommunications age: The fracturing of geographies , Edited by: Wheeler , J. O. , Aoyama , Y. and Warf , B. 228 – 248 . London : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Gordon , P. and Richardson , H.W. 1997 . Are compact cities a desirable planning goal? . Journal of the American Planning Association , 63 (1) : 95 – 106 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gottman , J. 1983 . Urban settlements and telecommunications . Ekistics , 50 : 411 – 416 .
   Google Scholar
• Graaff , T.D. and Rietveld , P. 2004 . ICT and substitution between out‐of‐home and at‐home work: the importance of timing . Environment and Planning A , 36 (5) : 879 – 896 .
   Google Scholar
• Graham , S. 2002 . Bridging urban digital divides? Urban polarisation and information and communications technologies ICTs . Urban Studies , 39 (1) : 33 – 56 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Graham , S. and Marvin , S. 1996 . Telecommunications and the city: Electronic spaces, urban places , London : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Gurstein , M. 2000 . Community informatics: Enabling communities with information and communication technologies , Hershey, PA : Idea Group .
   Google Scholar
• Gurstein , P. 1996 . Planning for telework and home‐based employment: reconsidering the home/work separation . Journal of Planning Education and Research , 15 (3) : 212 – 224 .
   Google Scholar
• Gurstein , P. 2001 . Wired to the world, chained to the home: Localizing telework in daily life , Vancouver, BC : UBC Press .
   Google Scholar
• Hakim , C. 2000 . Work‐lifestyle choices in the 21st century: Preference theory , Oxford : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Hall , K.B. and Porterfield , G.A. 2001 . Community by design: New urbanism for suburbs and small communities , New York, NY : McGraw‐Hill .
   Google Scholar
• Hampton , K. 2002 . Place‐based and it mediated ‘community’ . Planning Theory and Practice , 3 (2) : 228 – 231 .
   Google Scholar
• Hampton , K. 2007 . Neighborhood in the Network Society: the e‐Neighbors study . Information, Communication and Society , 10 (5) : 714 – 748 .
   Google Scholar
• Hampton , K. and Wellman , B. 2000 . “ Examining community in the digital neighbourhood: early results from Canada's wired suburb ” . In Digital cities , Edited by: Ishida , T. and Isbister , K. 194 – 208 . Berlin : Springer .
   Google Scholar
• Hargreaves , D. 1996 . Teleworking and the virtual office , Hervey Bay, QLD : Gresham's Business Solutions .
   Google Scholar
• Hayden , D. 1984 . Redesigning the American dream: The future of housing, work and family life , New York, NY : W.W. Norton .
   Google Scholar
• Higgins , C. , Duxbury , L. and Lee , C. 1992 . Balancing work and family: A study of private sector employees , London, ON : National Centre for Management Research and Development, University of Western Ontario .
   Google Scholar
• Hilbrecht , M. 2007 . Changing perspectives on the work–leisure relationship . Annals of Leisure Research , 10 (3–4) : 368 – 390 .
   Google Scholar
• Hilbrecht , M. 2009 . ‘I'm home for the kids’: contradictory implications for work–life balance of teleworking mothers . Gender, Work and Organization , 15 (5) : 454 – 476 .
   Google Scholar
• Hopkins , L. 2005 . Making a community network sustainable: the future of the wired high rise . Information Society , 21 : 379 – 384 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huws , U. 1991 . Telework: projections . Futures , 23 : 19 – 31 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huws , U. , Korte , W.B. and Robinson , S. 1990 . Telework: Towards the elusive office , Chichester : Wiley .
   Google Scholar
• Illegems , V. and Verbeke , A. 2003 . Moving towards the virtual workplace , Cheltenham : Edward Elgar .
   Google Scholar
• Jacobs , A. and Appleyard , D. 1987 . Towards an urban design manifesto . Journal of the American Planning Association , 53 : 112 – 120 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jacobs , J. 1961 . The death and life of great American cities , New York, NY : Random House .
   Google Scholar
• Johnson , L.C. 2003 . The co‐workplace: Teleworking in the neighbourhood , Vancouver, BC : UBC Press .
   Google Scholar
• Köhler , E. , Moran , R. and Tansey , J. 1988 . “ The homes as electronic work place an overview of research ” . In Concerning home telematics , Edited by: Rijn , F. V. and Williams , R. 393 – 412 . Amsterdam : Elsevier .
   Google Scholar
• Kamerade , D. 2004 . Teleworking and participatory capital: is teleworking an isolating or a community‐friendly form of work? . European Sociological Review , 20 (4) : 345 – 361 .
   Google Scholar
• Katz , P. , ed. 1993 . The new urbanism: Toward an architecture of community , New York, NY : McGraw‐Hill .
   Google Scholar
• Kawai , Y. 2008 . Work/life community by telework – possibilities and issues in the case of Loma Linda . Journal of Green Building , 3 (2) : 128 – 139 .
   Google Scholar
• Korte , W.B. , Robinson , S. and Steinle , J.W. , eds. 1988 . Telework: Present situation and future development of a new form of work organization , Amsterdam : Elsevier .
   Google Scholar
• Kotkin , J. 2000 . The new geography: How the digital revolution is reshaping the American landscape , New York, NY : Random House .
   Google Scholar
• Krause , L. and Petro , P. , eds. 2003 . Global cities (cinema, architecture, and urbanism in a digital age) , New Brunswick, NJ : Rutgers University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Kraut , R. 1989 . “ Telecommuting: the trade‐offs of home work ” . In The information gap: How computers and other new communication technologies affect the social distribution of power , Edited by: Siefert , M. , Gerbner , G. and Fisher , J. 19 – 47 . Oxford : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Kraut , R. 1998 . Internet paradox: a social technology that reduces social involvement and psychological well‐being? . American Psychologist , 53 (9) : 1017 – 1031 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krouk , D. , Pitkin , B. and Richman , N. 2000 . “ Internet‐based neighbourhood information systems: a comparative analysis ” . In Community informatics: Enabling communities with information and communication technologies , Edited by: Gurstein , M. Hershey, PA : Idea Group .
   Google Scholar
• Kugelmass , J. 1995 . Telecommuting: A manager's guide to flexible work arrangement , New York, NY : Lexington .
   Google Scholar
• Leccese , M. and McCormick , K. , eds. 2000 . The charter for the new urbanism , New York, NY : McGraw‐Hill .
   Google Scholar
• Leung , L. and Lee , P.S.N. 2005 . Multiple determinants of life quality: the roles of internet activities, use of new media, social support, and leisure activities . Telematics and Informatics , 22 (3) : 161 – 180 .
   Google Scholar
• Levin , M.R. 1998 . Teleworking and urban development patterns: Goodbye uglyville, hello paradise , Lanham, MD : University Press of America .
   Google Scholar
• Lim , V.K.G. and Teo , T.S.H. 2000 . To work or not to work at home: an empirical investigation of factors affecting attitudes towards teleworking . Journal of Managerial Psychology , 15 (6) : 560 – 586 .
   Google Scholar
• Loader , B.D. , Hague , B. and Eagle , D. 2000 . “ Embedding the net: community empowerment in the age of information ” . In Community informatics: Enabling communities with information and communication technologies , Edited by: Gurstein , M. 81 – 103 . Hershey, PA : Idea Group .
   Google Scholar
• Louw , E. and Vries , P.D. 2002 . Working at home: the Dutch property dimension . Planning Practice and Research , 17 (1) : 17 – 30 .
   Google Scholar
• Lowe , G.S. 1987 . Women in administrative revolution , Oxford : Polity .
   Google Scholar
• Lynch , K. 1984 . A theory of good city form , Cambridge, MA : MIT Press .
   Google Scholar
• Mahmassani , H. 1993 . Employee attitudes and stated preferences toward telecommuting: an exploratory analysis . Transportation Research Record , 1413 : 31 – 41 .
   Google Scholar
• Malina , A. and Macintosh , A. 2004 . “ Bridging the digital divide: developments in Scotland ” . In Etransformation in governance: New directions in government and politics , Edited by: Mälkiä , M. , Anttiroiko , A.V. and Savolainen , R. 255 – 271 . Hershey, PA : IGI Publishing .
   Google Scholar
• Martino , V.D. and Wirth , L. 1990 . Telework: a new way of working and living . International Labour Review , 129 (5) : 529 – 554 .
   Google Scholar
• McConnell , V. and Wells , M. 2005 . The value of open space: Evidence from studies of nonmarket behaviour , Washington, DC : Resources for the Future .
   Google Scholar
• Meyerowitz , J. 1985 . No sense of place: The impact of electronic media on social behaviour , New York, NY : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Mirchandani , K. 1999 . Legitimizing work: telework and the gendered reification of the work‐nonwork dichotomy . Canadian Review of Sociology and Anthropology , 36 (1) : 87 – 107 .
   Google Scholar
• Mitchell , W.J. 1996 . City of bits , Cambridge, MA : MIT Press .
   Google Scholar
• Mitchell , W.J. 1999 . E‐topia , Cambridge, MA : MIT Press .
   Google Scholar
• Mitchell , W.J. 2003 . Me++ , Cambridge, MA : MIT Press .
   Google Scholar
• Mokhtarian , P.L. 1990 . A typology of relationships between telecommunications and transportation . Transaction Research , 24A (3) : 231 – 242 .
   Google Scholar
• Mokhtarian , P.L. and Salomon , I. 1994 . Modelling the choice of telecommuting: setting the context . Environment and Planning A , 26 : 749 – 766 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mokhtarian , P.L. and Salomon , I. 1996a . Modelling the choice of telecommuting 3. Identifying the choice set and estimating binary choice models for technology‐based alternatives . Environment and Planning A , 28 : 1877 – 1894 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mokhtarian , P.L. and Salomon , I. 1996b . Modelling the choice of telecommuting 2. a case of the preferred impossible alternative . Environment and Planning A , 26 : 1859 – 1876 .
   Google Scholar
• Mokhtarian , P.L. and Salomon , I. 1997 . Modelling the desire to telecommute: the importance of attitudinal factors in behavioural models . Transportation Research A , 31 (1) : 35 – 50 .
   Google Scholar
• Mokhtarian , P.L. , Collantes , G.O. and Gertz , C. 2004 . Telecommuting, residential location, and commute‐distance travelled: evidence from state of California employees . Environment and Planning A , 36 : 1877 – 1897 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mokhtarian , P.L. , Salomon , I. and Choo , S. 2005 . Measuring the measurable: why can't we agree on the number of telecommuters in the U.S.? . Quality and Quantity , 39 : 423 – 452 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moos , M. and Skaburskis , A. 2007 . The characteristics and location of home workers in Montréal, Toronto and Vancouver . Urban Studies , 44 (9) : 1781 – 1808 .
   Google Scholar
• Moss , M.L. 1998 . Technology and cities . Cityscape: A Journal of Policy Development and Research , 3 (3) : 107 – 127 .
   Google Scholar
• Musson , G. and Tietze , S. 2004 . Appropriating time in home‐based telework . Culture and Organization , 10 (3) : 251 – 264 .
   Google Scholar
• Naisbitt , J. 1982 . Megatrends: Ten new directions transforming our lives , New York, NY : Warner Books .
   Google Scholar
• Naisbitt , J. and Aburdene , P. 1990 . Megatrends 2000: Ten new directions for the 1990's , New York, NY : Avon .
   Google Scholar
• Negroponte , N. 1995 . Being digital , New York, NY : Knopf .
   Google Scholar
• Nie , N. 2001 . Sociability, interpersonal relations, and the internet . American Behavioural Scientist , 45 (3) : 420 – 435 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nilles , J. 1976 . The telecommunications–transportation trade‐off: Options for tomorrow , New York, NY : Wiley .
   Google Scholar
• Oldenburg , R. 1989 . The great good place: Cafes, coffee shops, bars, hair salons and other hangouts at the heart of a community , New York, NY : Marlowe .
   Google Scholar
• Olson , M. 1982 . New information technology and organizational culture . MIS Quarterly , 6 (4) : 71 – 92 .
   Google Scholar
• Orser , B. and Foster , M. 1992 . Home enterprise: Canadians and home‐based work , Ottawa, ONT : Home‐Based Business Project Committee .
   Google Scholar
• Pool , S. 1977 . The social impact of the telephone , Cambridge, MA : MIT Press .
   Google Scholar
• Pratt , J.H. 1997 . Why aren't more people telecommuting?: explanations from four studies . Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board , 1607 : 196 – 203 .
   Google Scholar
• Pratt , J.H. 1999 . Telework America National Survey: Cost/benefit of teleworking to manage work/life responsibilities , Washington, DC : International Telework Association and Council .
   Google Scholar
• Punter , J. and Carmona , M. 1997 . The design dimension of planning theory, content and best practice for design policies , London : Chapman & Hall .
   Google Scholar
• Riva , G. 2002 . The sociocognative psychology of computer‐mediated communication: the present and future of technology‐based interaction . Cyber Psychology and Behaviour , 5 (6) : 581 – 598 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rowbotham , S. 1993 . Home workers worldwide , London : Merlin .
   Google Scholar
• Saegert , S. 1980 . Masculine cities and feminine suburbs: polarized ideas, contradictory realities . Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society , 5 (3) : 96 – 111 .
   Google Scholar
• Salazar , C. . Building boundaries and negotiating work at home . International ACM SIGGROUP conference on supporting group work . September–3 October 30 2001 . pp. 162 – 170 . Boulder, CO : ACM .
   Google Scholar
• Salazar , C. 1998 . Technology as enabler: keeping work distinct from home while working at home . ACM SIGCAS Computers and Society , 28 (3) : 31 – 33 .
   Google Scholar
• Sassen , S. 1991 . The global city , Princeton, NJ : Princeton University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Serra , A. 2000 . “ Next generation community networking: futures for digital cities ” . In Digital cities , Edited by: Ishida , T. and Isbister , K. 45 – 57 . Berlin : Springer .
   Google Scholar
• Shaw , S.M. , Andrey , J. and Johnson , L.C. 2006 . The struggle for life balance: work, family, and leisure in the lives of women teleworkers . World Leisure Journal , : 48
   Google Scholar
• Siembab , W. , Graham , S. and Roldan , M. 2001 . Using fibre networks to stimulate transit oriented development: Prospects, barriers and best practices , San Jose, CA : Mineta Transportation Institute . FHWA/CA/OR‐2001/34
   Google Scholar
• Southern , A. and Tilley , F. 2000 . Small firms and information communication technologies (ICTs): toward a typology of ICTs usage . New Technology, Work and Employment , 15 (2) : 138 – 154 .
   Google Scholar
• Steueville , R. and Langdon , P. 2003 . New urbanism: Comprehensive report & best practices guide , Ithaca, NY : New Urban Publ .
   Google Scholar
• Tarr , J.A. , Finholt , T. and Goodman , D. 1987 . The city and the telegraph: urban telecommunications in the pre‐telephone era . Journal of Urban History , 14 (1) : 38 – 80 .
   Google Scholar
• Tibbalds , F. 1992 . Making people‐friendly towns , London : Spon .
   Google Scholar
• Tietze , S. 2005 . Discourse as strategic coping resource: managing the interface between “home” and “work.” . Journal of Organizational Change Management , 18 (1) : 48 – 62 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tietze , S. and Musson , G. 2003 . The times and temporalities of home‐based telework . Personnel Review , 32 (4) : 438 – 455 .
   Google Scholar
• Toffler , A. 1980 . The third wave , New York, NY : William Marrow .
   Google Scholar
• Toffler , A. and Toffler , H. 1995 . Creating a new civilization: The politics of the third wave , Atlanta, GA : Turner .
   Google Scholar
• Tomaskovic‐Devey , D. and Risman , B. 1993 . Telecommuting innovation and organization: a cotingency theory of labor process change . Social Science Quarterly , 74 (2) : 367 – 385 .
   Google Scholar
• Townsend , A.M. 2001 . The internet and the rise of the new network cities, 1969–1999 . Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design , 28 (1) : 39 – 58 .
   Google Scholar
• Trancik , R. 1986 . Finding lost space: Theories of urban design , New York, NY : Van Nostrand Reinhold .
   Google Scholar
• Trembley , D.‐G. 2002 . Balancing work and family with telework? . Women in Management Review , 17 (3/4) : 157 – 170 .
   Google Scholar
• Van Ommeren , J. . Telework in Europe . 3rd International Workshop on Telework Environments . September 1–4 1998 . pp. 164 – 183 . Turku, , Finland : General Publications .
   Google Scholar
• Van Sell , M. and Jacobs , S.M. 1994 . Telecommunicating and quality of life: a review of the literature and a model for research . Telematics and Informatics , 11 (2) : 81 – 95 .
   Google Scholar
• Vilhelmson , B. and Thulin , E. 2001 . Is regular work at fixed places fading away? The development of ICT‐based and travel‐based modes of work in Sweden . Environment and Planning A , 33 : 1015 – 1029 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vitters , J. 2003 . Impacts of home‐based telework on quality of life for employees and their partners . Journal of Happiness Studies , 4 : 201 – 233 .
   Google Scholar
• Walther , J.B. 1996 . Computer‐mediated communication: impersonal, interpersonal, and hypersonic interaction . Communication Research , 23 : 3 – 43 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Webber , M. 1964 . “ The urban place and the non place urban realm ” . In Exploration into urban structure , Edited by: Webber , M. 79 – 153 . Philadelphia, PA : University of Pennsylvania Press .
   Google Scholar
• Wheeler , J.O. , Aoyama , Y. and Warf , B. , eds. 2000 . Cities in the telecommunications age: The fracturing of geographies , New York, NY : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Whyte , W. 1980 . The social life of small urban spaces , Washington, DC : Conservation Foundation .
   Google Scholar
• Yap , C. and Tng , H. 1990 . Factors associated with attitudes towards telecommuting . Information and Management , 19 (4) : 227 – 235 .
   Google Scholar
• Yigicanlar , T. , Velibeyoglu , K. and Baum , S. , eds. 2008 . Knowledge based‐urban development: Planning and applications in the information era , New York, NY : Information Science Reference .
   Google Scholar