Environmental factors influencing liana community diversity, structure and habitat associations in a tropical hill forest, Malaysia

References

• Addo-Fordjour P, Anning AK, Atakora EA, Agyei PS. 2008. Diversity and distribution of climbing plants in a semi-deciduous rain forest, KNUST Botanic Garden, Ghana. International Journal of Botany 4:186–195.
   Google Scholar
• Addo-Fordjour P, Anning AK, Larbi JA, Akyeampong S. 2009a. Liana species richness, abundance and relationship with trees in the Bobiri forest reserve, Ghana: impact of management systems. Forest Ecology and Management 157:1822–1828.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Addo-Fordjour P, Obeng S, Addo MG, Akyeampong S. 2009b. Effects of human disturbances and plant invasion on liana community structure and relationship with trees in the Tinte Bepo forest reserve, Ghana. Forest Ecology and Management 258:728–734.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aiken SR. 2002. Penang Hill: landscape, evolution, heritage conservation, and sustainable tourism. Malaysian Journal of Tropical Geography 33:77–91.
   Google Scholar
• Bagamba F, Ruben R, Rufino M. 2007. Determinants of banana productivity and technical efficiency in Uganda. In: Smale M, Tushemereirwe W, editors. An economic assessment of banana genetic improvement and innovation in the Lake Victoria region of Uganda and Tanzania. New York: International Food Policy Research Institute. p. 109–128.
   Google Scholar
• Barbour MG, Keeler-Wolf T, Schoenherr AA. 2007. Terrestrial vegetation of California. London (UK): University of California Press Ltd.
   Google Scholar
• Bochet E, García-Fayos P. 2004. Factors controlling vegetation establishment and water erosion on motorway slopes in Valencia, Spain. Restoration Ecology 12:166–174.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bray RH, Kurtz LT. 1945. Determination of total, organic, and available forms of phosphorus in soils. Soil Science 59:39–45.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chettri A, Barik SK, Pandey HN, Lyngdoh MK. 2010. Liana diversity and abundance as related to microenvironment in three forest types located in different elevational ranges of the Eastern Himalayas. Plant Ecology and Diversity 3:175–185.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Colwell RK, 2009. EstimateS: statistical estimation of species richness and shared species from samples. Version 8.2. User’s guide and application. Available online at http://viceroy.eeb.uconn.edu/estimates (accessed 28 December 2011).
   Google Scholar
• Cottam G, Curtis JT. 1956. The use of distance measurement in phytosociological sampling. Ecology 37:451–460.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dalling JW, Schnitzer SA, Baldeck C, Harms KE, John R, Mangan SA, Lobo E, Yavitt JB, Hubbell SP. 2012. Resource-based habitat associations in a Neotropical liana community. Journal of Ecology 100:1174–1182.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DeWalt SJ, Chave J. 2004. Structure and biomass of four lowland Neotropical forests. Biotropica 36:7–19.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DeWalt SJ, Ickes K, Nilus R, Harms KE, Burslem DFRP. 2006. Liana habitat associations and community structure in a Bornean lowland tropical forest. Plant Ecology 186:203–216.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DeWalt SJ, Schnitzer SA, Chave J, Bongers F, Burnham RJ, Cai Z, Chuyong G, Clark DB, Ewango CEN, Gerwing JJ, et al. 2010. Annual rainfall and seasonality predict pantropical patterns of liana density and basal area. Biotropica 42:309–317.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dransfield J. 1979. A manual of the rattans of the Malay Peninsula. Malaysian Forest Records No 29.
   Google Scholar
• Edmar et al., 2013. Richness, diversity and distribution of lianas of the Cerrado–Amazonian Forest transition, Brazil. Plant Ecology and Diversity (submitted).
   Google Scholar
• Ewango CEN. 2010. The liana assemblage of a Congolian rainforest: diversity, structure and dynamics [Doctoral thesis]. [Netherlands]: Wageningen University (submitted).
   Google Scholar
• Gentry AH. 1991. The distribution and evolution of climbing plants. In Putz FE, Mooney HA, editors. The biology of vines. Cambridge (UK): Cambridge University Press. p. 3–49.
   Google Scholar
• Gerwing JJ, Lopes Farias D. 2000. Integrating liana abundance and forest structure into an estimate of total above ground biomass for an eastern Amazonian forest. Journal of Tropical Ecology 16:327–335.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gotelli NJ, Colwell RK. 2001. Quantifying biodiversity: procedures and pitfalls in the measurement and comparison of species richness. Ecological Letters 4:379–391.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Homeier J, Englert F, Leuschner C, Weigelt P, Unger M. 2010. Factors controlling the abundance of lianas along an altitudinal transect of tropical forests in Ecuador. Forest Ecology and Management 259:1399–1405.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hooker JD (assisted by various botanists). 1875. The flora of British India. Volume 1. University of California Libraries, 54. Kent (UK): L. Reeve & Co. Ltd. Bishen Singh, Mahendra Pal Singh, Dhera Dun. India. Indian reprint 1973.
   Google Scholar
• Hortal J, Borges PAV, Gaspar C. 2006. Evaluating the performance of species richness estimators: sensitivity to sample grain size. Journal of Animal Ecology 75:274–287.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ibarra-Manríquez G, Martínez-Ramos M. 2002. Landscape variation of liana communities in a Neotropical rain forest. Plant Ecology 160:91–112.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• John R, Dalling JW, Harms KE, Yavitt JB, Stallard RF, Mirabello M, Hubbell SP, Valencia R, Navarrete H, Vallejo M, et al. 2007. Soil nutrients influence spatial distributions of tropical tree species. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 104:864–869.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jones JB. 1991. Kjeldahl method for nitrogen determination. Athens (Greece): MicroMacro Publishing.
   Google Scholar
• Kammesheidt L. 1999. Liana infestation of trees: some observations in a Neotropical lowland forest. Ecotropica 5:217–220.
   Google Scholar
• King G. 1902. Materials for a flora of the Malayan Peninsula. Calcutta (India): Royal Botanic Garden.
   Google Scholar
• Körner C. 2007. The use of ‘altitude’ in ecological research. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 22:569–574.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kusumoto B, Enoki T, Watanabe T. 2008. Community structure and topographic distribution of lianas in a watershed on Okinawa, south-western Japan. Journal of Tropical Ecology 24:675–683.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Laurance WF, Pérez-Salicrup D, Delamonica P, Fearnside PM, D’Angelo S, Jerozolinski A, Pohl L, Lovejoy TE. 2001. Rain forest fragmentation and the structure of Amazonian liana communities. Ecology 82:105–116.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lertpanich K, Brockelman WY. 2003. Lianas and environmental factors in the Mo Singto Biodiversity Research Plot, Khao Yai National Park, Thailand. The Natural History Journal of Chulalongkorn University 3:7–17.
   Google Scholar
• Lookingbill TR, Urban DL. 2005. Gradient analysis, the next generation: towards more plant-relevant explanatory variables. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 35:1744–1753.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Macía MJ, Ruokolainen K, Tuomisto H, Quisbert J, Cala V. 2007. Congruence between floristic patterns of trees and lianas in a southwest Amazonian rain forest. Ecography 30:561–577.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Malizia A, Grau HR, Lichstein JW. 2010. Soil phosphorus and disturbance influence liana communities in a subtropical montane forest. Journal of Vegetation Science 21:551–560.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCauley A, Jones C, Jacobsen J. 2009. Soil pH and organic matter. Nutrient Management Module No. 8. Montana State University Extension, USA. p. 12.
   Google Scholar
• Moser KF, Ahn C, Noe GB. 2009. The influence of microtopography on soil nutrients in created mitigation wetlands. Restoration Ecology 17:641–651.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O’Brien RM. 2007. A caution regarding rules of thumb for variance inflation factors. Quality and Quantity 41:673–690.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olsen SR, Cole CV, Watanabe FS, Dean LA. 1954. Estimation of available phosphorus in soils by extraction with sodium bicarbonate. US Department of Agriculture Circular 939:1–19.
   Google Scholar
• Paoli GD, Curran LM, Zak DR. 2006. Soil nutrients and beta diversity in the Bornean Dipterocarpaceae: evidence for niche partitioning by tropical rain forest trees. Journal of Ecology 94:157–170.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parthasarathy N, Muthuramkumar S, Reddy MS. 2004 Patterns of liana diversity in tropical evergreen forests of peninsular India. Forest Ecology and Management 190:15–31.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pérez-Salicrup DR. 2001. Effect of liana cutting on tree regeneration in a liana forest in Amazonian Bolivia. Ecology 82:389–396.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pérez-Salicrup DR, Baker MG. 2000. Effect of liana cutting on water potential and growth of adult Senna multijuga (Caesalpinioideae) trees in a Bolivian tropical forest. Oecologia 124:469–475.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Phillips OL, Martinez RV, Mendoza AM, Baker TR, Vargas PN. 2005. Large lianas as hyperdynamic elements of the tropical forest canopy. Ecology 86:1250–1258.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Putz FE, Chai P. 1987. Ecological studies of lianas in Lambir National Park, Sarawak, Malaysia. Journal of Ecology 75:523–531.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Putz FE, Windsor PM. 1987. Liana phenology on Barro Colorado Island, Panama. Biotropica 19:334–341.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schnitzer SA. 2005. A mechanistic explanation for global patterns of liana abundance and distribution. American Naturalist 166:262–276.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schnitzer SA, Bongers F. 2002. The ecology of lianas and their role in forests. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 17:223–230.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schnitzer SA, Dalling JW, Carson WP. 2000. The impact of lianas on tree regeneration in tropical forest canopy gaps: evidence for an alternative pathway of gap-phase regeneration. Journal of Ecology 88:655–666.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Senanayake RL, Sangakkara UR, Pushpakumara DKNG, Stamp P. 2009. Vegetation composition and ecological benefits of home gardens in the Meegahakiula region of Sri Lanka. Tropical Agricultural Research 21:1–9.
   Google Scholar
• Senbeta F, Schmitt C, Denich M, Demissew S, Velk PLG, Preisinger H, Woldemariam T, Teketay D. 2005. The diversity and distribution of lianas in the Afromontane rain forests of Ethiopia. Diversity and Distributions 11:443–452.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shannon, CE. 1948. A mathematical theory of communication. Bell System Technical Journal 27:379–423, 623– 656.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Suzaki T, Kume A, Ino Y. 2005. Effects of slope and canopy trees on light conditions and biomass of dwarf bamboo under a coppice canopy. Journal of Forest Research 10:151–156.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Swaine MD, Grace J. 2007. Lianas may be favoured by low rainfall: evidence from Ghana. Plant Ecology 192:271–276.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Troy AR, Ashton PMS, Larson BC. 1997. A protocol for measuring abundance and size of a Neotropical liana, Desmoncus polyacanthus (Palmae) in relation to forest structure. Economic Botany 51:339–346
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van der Heijden GMF, Phillips OL. 2008. What controls liana success in Neotropical forests? Global Ecology and Biogeography 17:372–383.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vidal E, Johns J, Gerwing JJ, Barretto P, Uhl C. 1997. Vine management for reduced-impact logging in eastern Amazonia. Forest Ecology and Management 98:105–114.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Webb CO, Peart DR. 2000. Habitat associations of trees and seedlings in a Bornean rain forest. Journal of Ecology 88:464–478.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WWF Malaysia. 2011. Study on the development of hill stations. Malaysia: Economic Planning Unit, Prime Minister’s Department. Final report, Volume 2.
   Google Scholar
• Zhang L, Mi X, Shao H, Ma K. 2011. Strong plant–soil associations in a heterogeneous subtropical broad-leaved forest. Plant and Soil 347:211–220.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhengyi W, Raven PH, Deyuan H. 2010. Flora of China, Volume 10: Fabaceae. USA: Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Missouri, USA. p. 121.
   Google Scholar
• Zhu H. 2008. Species composition and diversity of lianas in tropical forests of Southern Yunnan (Xishuangbanna), South Western China. Journal of Tropical Forest Science 20:111–122.
   Google Scholar