2,057
Views
99
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

Linking small-scale topography with microclimate, plant species diversity and intra-specific trait variation in an alpine landscape

, &
Pages 305-315 | Received 15 Jun 2014, Accepted 10 Nov 2014, Published online: 04 Dec 2014

References

  • Ackerly DD. 2003. Community assembly, niche conservatism, and adaptive evolution in changing environments. International Journal of Plant Sciences 164:165–184. doi:10.1086/368401
  • Ackerly DD, Loarie SR, Cornwell WK, Weiss SB, Hamilton H, Branciforte R, Kraft NJB. 2010. The geography of climate change: implications for conservation biogeography. Diversity and Distributions 16:476–487. doi:10.1111/j.1472-4642.2010.00654.x
  • Albert CH, de Bello F, Boulangeat I, Pellet G, Lavorel S, Thuiller W. 2012. On the importance of intraspecific variability for the quantification of functional diversity. Oikos 121:116–126. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0706.2011.19672.x
  • Albert CH, Thuiller W, Yoccoz NG, Soudant A, Boucher F, Saccone P, Lavorel S. 2010. Intraspecific functional variability: extent, structure and sources of variation. Journal of Ecology 98:604–613. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2745.2010.01651.x
  • Alpert P, Simms EL. 2002. The relative advantages of plasticity and fixity in different environments: when is it good for a plant to adjust? Evolutionary Ecology 16:285–297. doi:10.1023/A:1019684612767
  • Anderson MJ. 2001. A new method for non-parametric multivariate analysis of variance. Austral Ecology 26:32–46.
  • Anderson MJ. 2006. Distance-based tests for homogeneity of multivariate dispersions. Biometrics 62:245–253. doi:10.1111/j.1541-0420.2005.00440.x
  • Anderson MJ, Ellingsen KE, McArdle BH. 2006. Multivariate dispersion as a measure of beta diversity. Ecology Letters 9:683–693. doi:10.1111/j.1461-0248.2006.00926.x
  • Armbruster WS, Rae D, Edwards ME. 2007. Topographic complexity and biotic response to high-latitude climate change: variance is as important at the mean. In: Ørbæk JB, Kallenborn R, Tombre I, Hegseth EN, Falk-Petersen S, Hoel AH, editors. Arctic-alpine ecosystems and people in a changing environment. Berlin: Springer Verlag; p. 105–122.
  • Ashcroft MB. 2010. Identifying refugia from climate change. Journal of Biogeography 37:1407–1413.
  • Ashcroft MB, Gollan JR, Warton DI, Ramp D. 2012. A novel approach to quantify and locate potential microrefugia using topoclimate, climate stability, and isolation from the matrix. Global Change Biology 18:1866–1879. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2486.2012.02661.x
  • Bates D, Maechler M, Bolker B, Walker S. 2014. lme4: linear mixed-effects models using Eigen and S4 [Internet]. R package version 1.1-6 [cited 2014 Mar 1]. Available online at http://CRAN.R-project.org/package=lme4
  • Boucher FC, Thuiller W, Arnoldi C, Albert CH, Lavergne S. 2013. Unravelling the architecture of functional variability in wild populations of Polygonum viviparum L. Functional Ecology 27:382–391. doi:10.1111/1365-2435.12034
  • Chevin L-M, Lande R, Mace GM. 2010. Adaptation, plasticity, and extinction in a changing environment: towards a predictive theory. Plos Biology. 8:e1000357. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1000357
  • Choler P. 2005. Consistent shifts in Alpine plant traits along a mesotopographical gradient. Arctic Antarctic and Alpine Research 37:444–453. doi:10.1657/1523-0430(2005)037[0444:CSIAPT]2.0.CO;2
  • Dahl E. 1986. A survey of the plant communities at Finse, Hardangervidda, Norway. Oslo: Universities of Bergen and Oslo.
  • Davis MB, Shaw RG. 2001. Range shifts and adaptive responses to quaternary climate change. Science 292:673–679. doi:10.1126/science.292.5517.673
  • de Bello F, Lavorel S, Albert CH, Thuiller W, Grigulis K, Dolezal J, Janeček Š, Lepš J. 2011. Quantifying the relevance of intraspecific trait variability for functional diversity. Methods in Ecology and Evolution 2:163–174. doi:10.1111/j.2041-210X.2010.00071.x
  • De Frenne P, Graae BJ, Rodríguez-Sánchez F, Kolb A, Chabrerie O, Decocq G, De Kort H, De Schrijver A, Diekmann M, Eriksson O, et al. 2013. Latitudinal gradients as natural laboratories to infer species’ responses to temperature. Journal of Ecology 101:784–795. doi:10.1111/1365-2745.12074
  • Dobrowski SZ. 2011. A climatic basis for microrefugia: the influence of terrain on climate. Global Change Biology 17:1022–1035. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02263.x
  • Dullinger S, Gattringer A, Thuiller W, Moser D, Zimmermann NE, Guisan A, Willner W, Plutzar C, Leitner M, Mang T, et al. 2012. Extinction debt of high-mountain plants under twenty-first-century climate change. Nature Climate Change 2:619–622. doi:10.1038/nclimate1514
  • Edwards ME, Armbruster WS. 1989. A tundra-steppe transition on Kathul Mountain, Alaska, USA. Arctic and Alpine Research 21:296–304. doi:10.2307/1551569
  • Frei E, Bodin J, Walther G-R. 2010. Plant species’ range shifts in mountainous areas-all uphill from here? Botanica Helvetica 120:117–128. doi:10.1007/s00035-010-0076-y
  • Fridley JD, Vandermast DB, Kuppinger DM, Manthey M, Peet RK. 2007. Co-occurrence based assessment of habitat generalists and specialists: a new approach for the measurement of niche width. Journal of Ecology 95:707–722. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2745.2007.01236.x
  • Gottfried M, Pauli H, Futschik A, Akhalkatsi M, Barančok P, Benito Alonso JL, Coldea G, Dick J, Erschbamer B, Fernández Calzado MR, et al. 2012. Continent-wide response of mountain vegetation to climate change. Nature Climate Change 2:111–115. doi:10.1038/nclimate1329
  • Graae BJ, De Frenne P, Kolb A, Brunet J, Chabrerie O, Verheyen K, Pepin N, Heinken T, Zobel M, Shevtsova A, et al. 2012. On the use of weather data in ecological studies along altitudinal and latitudinal gradients. Oikos 121:3–19. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0706.2011.19694.x
  • Hutchinson GE. 1957. Population studies – animal ecology and demography – concluding remarks. Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology 22:415–427. doi:10.1101/SQB.1957.022.01.039
  • IPCC Core Writing Team, Pachauri RK, Reisinger A. 2007. Contribution of working groups I, II and III to the fourth assessment report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change. Geneva: IPCC.
  • Jump AS, Penuelas J. 2005. Running to stand still: adaptation and the response of plants to rapid climate change. Ecology Letters 8:1010–1020. doi:10.1111/j.1461-0248.2005.00796.x
  • Jung V, Albert CH, Violle C, Kunstler G, Loucougaray G, Spiegelberger T. 2014. Intraspecific trait variability mediates the response of subalpine grassland communities to extreme drought events. Journal of Ecology 102:45–53. doi:10.1111/1365-2745.12177
  • Jung V, Violle C, Mondy C, Hoffmann L, Muller S. 2010. Intraspecific variability and trait-based community assembly. Journal of Ecology 98:1134–1140. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2745.2010.01687.x
  • Körner C. 2003. Alpine plant life: functional plant ecology of high mountain ecosystems. 2nd ed. Berlin: Springer.
  • Körner C. 2007. The use of ‘altitude’ in ecological research. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 22:569–574. doi:10.1016/j.tree.2007.09.006
  • Kudo G, Molau U, Wada N. 2001. Leaf-trait variation of tundra plants along a climatic gradient: an integration of responses in evergreen and deciduous species. Arctic Antarctic and Alpine Research 33:181–190. doi:10.2307/1552219
  • Lenoir J, Gegout J-C, Guisan A, Vittoz P, Wohlgemuth T, Zimmermann NE, Dullinger S, Pauli H, Willner W, Svenning J-C. 2010. Going against the flow: potential mechanisms for unexpected downslope range shifts in a warming climate Ecography 33:295–303.
  • Lenoir J, Gegout JC, Marquet PA, De Ruffray P, Brisse H. 2008. A significant upward shift in plant species optimum elevation during the 20th century. Science 320:1768–1771. doi:10.1126/science.1156831
  • Lenoir J, Graae BJ, Aarrestad PA, Alsos IG, Armbruster WS, Austrheim G, Bergendorff C, Birks HJ, Brathen KA, Brunet J, et al. 2013. Local temperatures inferred from plant communities suggest strong spatial buffering of climate warming across Northern Europe. Global Change Biology 19:1470–1481.
  • Litaor MI, Williams M, Seastedt TR. 2008. Topographic controls on snow distribution, soil moisture, and species diversity of herbaceous alpine vegetation, Niwot Ridge, Colorado. Journal of Geophysical Research-Biogeosciences 113:G02008. doi:10.1029/2007JG000419
  • Lloyd AH, Armbruster WS, Edwards ME. 1994. Ecology of a steppe-tundra gradient in interior Alaska. Journal of Vegetation Science 5:897–912. doi:10.2307/3236202
  • Lundholm JT. 2009. Plant species diversity and environmental heterogeneity: spatial scale and competing hypotheses. Journal of Vegetation Science 20:377–391. doi:10.1111/j.1654-1103.2009.05577.x
  • Luoto M, Heikkinen RK. 2008. Disregarding topographical heterogeneity biases species turnover assessments based on bioclimatic models. Global Change Biology 14:483–494. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01527.x
  • Manthey M, Fridley JD. 2009. Beta diversity metrics and the estimation of niche width via species co-occurrence data: reply to Zeleny. Journal of Ecology 97:18–22. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2745.2008.01450.x
  • Norwegian Meteorological Institute. 2013. eKlima – Free access to weather- and climate data from Norwegian Meteorological Institute from historical data to real time observations. Oslo: Norwegian Meteorological Institute.
  • Oksanen J, Blanchet FG, Kindt R, Legendre P, Minchin PR, O’Hara RB, Simpson GL, Solymos P, Stevens MHH, Wagner H. 2013. vegan: community ecology package [Internet]. R package version 2.0-10 [cited 2014 Mar 1]. Available online at http://CRAN.R-project.org/package=vegan
  • Onipchenko VG, Semenova GV, van der Maarel E. 1998. Population strategies in severe environments: alpine plants in the northwestern Caucasus. Journal of Vegetation Science 9:27–40. doi:10.2307/3237220
  • Pearson RG. 2006. Climate change and the migration capacity of species. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 21:111–113. doi:10.1016/j.tree.2005.11.022
  • R Core Team 2014. R: a language and environment for statistical computing. Vienna: R Foundation for Statistical Computing.
  • Rae DA, Armbruster WS, Edwards ME, Svengård-Barre M. 2006. Influence of microclimate and species interactions on the composition of plant and invertebrate communities in alpine northern Norway. Acta Oecologica 29:266–282. doi:10.1016/j.actao.2005.11.007
  • Randin CF, Engler R, Normand S, Zappa M, Zimmermann NE, Pearman PB, Vittoz P, Thuiller W, Guisan A. 2009. Climate change and plant distribution: local models predict high-elevation persistence. Global Change Biology 15:1557–1569. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01766.x
  • Scherrer D, Körner C. 2011. Topographically controlled thermal-habitat differentiation buffers alpine plant diversity against climate warming. Journal of Biogeography 38:406–416. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2699.2010.02407.x
  • Sides CB, Enquist BJ, Ebersole JJ, Smith MN, Henderson AN, Sloat LL. 2014. Revisiting Darwin’s hypothesis: does greater intraspecific variability increase species’ ecological breadth? American Journal of Botany 101:56–62. doi:10.3732/ajb.1300284
  • Spasojevic MJ, Bowman WD, Humphries HC, Seastedt TR, Suding KN. 2013. Changes in alpine vegetation over 21 years: are patterns across a heterogeneous landscape consistent with predictions? Ecosphere 4:18. doi:10.1890/ES13-00133.1
  • Spasojevic MJ, Suding KN. 2012. Inferring community assembly mechanisms from functional diversity patterns: the importance of multiple assembly processes. Journal of Ecology 100:652–661. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2745.2011.01945.x
  • Stevens MHH, Carson WP. 2002. Resource quantity, not resource heterogeneity, maintains plant diversity. Ecology Letters 5:420–426. doi:10.1046/j.1461-0248.2002.00333.x
  • Stöcklin J, Kuss P, Pluess AR. 2009. Genetic diversity, phenotypic variation and local adaptation in the alpine landscape: case studies with alpine plant species. Botanica Helvetica 119:125–133. doi:10.1007/s00035-009-0065-1
  • Theurillat J-P, Guisan A. 2001. Potential impact of climate change on vegetation in the european alps: a review. Climate Change 50:77–109. doi:10.1023/A:1010632015572
  • Thomas CD, Cameron A, Green RE, Bakkenes M, Beaumont LJ, Collingham YC, Erasmus BFN, De Siqueira MF, Grainger A, Hannah L, et al. 2004. Extinction risk from climate change. Nature 427:145–148. doi:10.1038/nature02121
  • Thuiller W, Lavorel S, Araujo MB, Sykes MT, Prentice IC. 2005. Climate change threats to plant diversity in Europe. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 102:8245–8250. doi:10.1073/pnas.0409902102
  • Violle C, Enquist BJ, McGill BJ, Jiang L, Albert CH, Hulshof C, Jung V, Messier J. 2012. The return of the variance: intraspecific variability in community ecology. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 27:244–252. doi:10.1016/j.tree.2011.11.014
  • Virtanen R, Grytnes J-A, Lenoir J, Luoto M, Oksanen J, Oksanen L, Svenning J-C. 2013. Productivity–diversity patterns in arctic tundra vegetation. Ecography 36:331–341. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0587.2012.07903.x
  • Walther G-R, Beissner S, Burga CA. 2005a. Trends in the upward shift of alpine plants. Journal of Vegetation Science 16:541–548. doi:10.1111/j.1654-1103.2005.tb02394.x
  • Walther G-R, Berger S, Sykes MT. 2005b. An ecological ‘footprint’ of climate change. Proceedings of the Royal Society B-Biological Sciences 272:1427–1432.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.