References
- Adler PB, Salguero-Gomez R, Compagnoni A, Hsu JS, Ray-Mukherjee J, Mbeau-Ache C, Franco M. 2014. Functional traits explain variation in plant life history strategies. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 111(2):740–745. doi:https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1315179111.
- Alvares CA, Stape JL, Sentelhas PC, Moraes Gonçalves JL D, Sparovek G. 2013. Köppen’s climate classification map for Brazil Meteorol Zeitschrift. 22(6):711–728. doi:https://doi.org/10.1127/0941-2948/2013/0507.
- Bakker MA, Carreño-Rocabado G, Poorter L. 2011. Leaf economics traits predict litter decomposition of tropical plants and differ among land use types. Funct Ecol. 25(3):473–483. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2435.2010.01802.x.
- Baraloto C, Paine CET, Poorter L, Beauchene J, Bonal D, Domenach AM, Hérault B, Patiño S, Roggy JC, Chave J. 2010. Decoupled leaf and stem economics in rain forest trees. Ecol Lett. 13(11):1338–1347. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2010.01517.x.
- Benjamini Y, Hochberg Y. 1995. Controlling the False Discovery Rate: a Practical and Powerful Approach to Multiple Testing. J R Stat Soc. 57(1):289–300.
- Bergmann J, Ryo M, Prati D, Hempel S, Rillig MC. 2017. Root traits are more than analogues of leaf traits: the case for diaspore mass. New Phytol. 216(4):1130–1139. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.14748.
- Brodribb TJ, Holbrook NM. 2004. Stomatal protection against hydraulic failure: a comparison of coexisting ferns and angiosperms. New Phytol. 162(3):663–670. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2004.01060.x.
- Chave J, Coomes D, Jansen S, Lewis SL, Swenson NG, Zanne AE. 2009. Towards a worldwide wood economics spectrum. Ecol Lett. 12(4):351–366. [accessed 2014 Jul 11]. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19243406
- de Boer Hj, Price CA, Wagner-Cremer F, Dekker SC, Franks PJ, Veneklaas EJ. 2016. Optimal allocation of leaf epidermal area for gas exchange. New Phytol. 210(4):1219–1228. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.13929.
- Díaz S, Kattge J, Cornelissen JHC, Wright IJ, Lavorel S, Dray S, Reu B, Kleyer M, Wirth C, Prentice IC, et al. 2016. The global spectrum of plant form and function. Nature. 529(7585):1–17. doi:https://doi.org/10.1038/nature16489.
- Drake PL, Froend RH, Franks PJ. 2013. Smaller, faster stomata: scaling of stomatal size, rate of response, and stomatal conductance. J Exp Bot. 64(2):495–505. doi:https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/ers347.
- Elias GA, Hettwer Giehl EL, Gasper ALD, Tucker Lima JM, Dos Santos R. 2019. Low temperature extremes influence both the presence of palms and palm species richness in the Atlantic Forest, Southern Brazil. Ecol Austral. 29(1):041–049. doi:https://doi.org/10.25260/EA.19.29.1.0.737.
- Felsenstein J. 1985. Phylogenies and the Comparative Method. Am Nat. 125(1):1–15. doi:https://doi.org/10.1086/284325.
- Franks PJ, Beerling DJ. 2009. Maximum leaf conductance driven by CO2 effects on stomatal size and density over geologic time. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 106(25):10343–10347. doi:https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0904209106.
- Grime JP. 1977. Evidence for the Existence of Three Primary Strategies in Plants and Its Relevance to Ecological and Evolutionary Theory. Am Nat. 111(982):1169–1194. doi:https://doi.org/10.1086/283244.
- Grubb PJ. 2016. Trade-offs in interspecific comparisons in plant ecology and how plants overcome proposed constraints. Plant Ecol Divers. 9(1):3–33. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/17550874.2015.1048761.
- Hacke UG, Sperry JS, Pockman WT, Davis SD, McCulloh KA. 2001. Trends in wood density and structure are linked to prevention of xylem implosion by negative pressure. Oecologia. 126(4):457–461. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s004420100628.
- Hietz P, Rosner S, Hietz-Seifert U, Wright SJ. 2017. Wood traits related to size and life history of trees in a Panamanian rainforest. New Phytol. 213(1):170–180. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.14123.
- Jackson DA. 1993. Stopping Rules in Principal Components Analysis: a Comparison of Heuristical and Statistical Approaches. Ecology. 74(8):2204–2214. doi:https://doi.org/10.2307/1939574.
- Laughlin DC, Leppert JJ, Moore MM, Sieg CH. 2010. A multi-trait test of the leaf-height-seed plant strategy scheme with 133 species from a pine forest flora. Funct Ecol. 24(3):493–501. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2435.2009.01672.x.
- Maçaneiro JP, Liebsch D, de GAL, Galvão F, Schorn LA. 2019. Structural and Floristic Variations in an Atlantic Subtropical Rainforest in Southern Brazil. Floresta e Ambient. 26(1):1–10.
- Magallón S, Gómez‐Acevedo S, Sánchez‐Reyes LL, Hernández‐Hernández T. 2015. A metacalibrated time‐tree documents the early rise of flowering plant phylogenetic diversity. New Phytol. 207(2):437–453. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.13264.
- Marks CO, Lechowicz MJ. 2006. Alternative designs and the evolution of functional diversity. Am Nat. 167(1):55–66. doi:https://doi.org/10.1086/498276.
- Martin-stpaul N, Delzon S, Cochard H. 2017. Plant resistance to drought depends on timely stomatal closure. Ecol Lett. 20(11):1437–1447. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/ele.12851.
- Münkemüller T, Lavergne S, Bzeznik B, Dray S, Jombart T, Schiffers K, Thuiller W. 2012. How to measure and test phylogenetic signal. Methods Ecol Evol. 3(4):743–756. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2041-210X.2012.00196.x.
- Pérez-Harguindeguy N, Díaz S, Garnier E, Lavorel S, Poorter H, Jaureguiberry P, Bret-Harte MS, Cornwell WK, Craine JM, Gurvich DE, et al. 2013. New handbook for standardised measurement of plant functional traits worldwide. Aust J Bot. 61(3):167.
- Pike N. 2011. Using false discovery rates for multiple comparisons in ecology and evolution. Methods Ecol Evol. 2(3):278–282. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2041-210X.2010.00061.x.
- Poorter L, McDonald I, Alarcón A, Fichtler E, Licona JC, Peña-Claros M, Sterck F, Villegas Z, Sass-Klaassen U. 2010. The importance of wood traits and hydraulic conductance for the performance and life history strategies of 42 rainforest tree species. New Phytol. 185(2):481–492. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2009.03092.x.
- Pryer KM, Schuettpelz E, Wolf PG, Schneider H, Smith AR, Cranfill R. 2004. Phylogeny and evolution of ferns (monilophytes) with a focus on the early leptosporangiate divergences. Am J Bot. 91(10):1582–1598. doi:https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.91.10.1582.
- Reich PB. 2014. The world-wide “fast-slow” plant economics spectrum: a traits manifesto. J Ecol. 102(2):275–301. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.12211.
- Revell LJ. 2009. Size-correction and principal components for interspecific comparative studies. Evolution (N Y). 63(12):3258–3268.
- Revell LJ. 2012. phytools: an R package for phylogenetic comparative biology (and other things). Methods Ecol Evol. 3(2):217–223. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2041-210X.2011.00169.x.
- Rodrigues AV, Bones FLV, Schneiders A, Oliveira LZ, Vibrans AC, de Gasper AL. 2018. Plant Trait Dataset for Tree-Like Growth Forms Species of the Subtropical Atlantic Rain Forest in Brazil. Data. 3(2):16. doi:https://doi.org/10.3390/data3020016.
- Saatkamp A, Cochrane A, Commander L, Guja LK, Jimenez‐Alfaro B, Larson J, Nicotra A, Poschlod P, Silveira FAO, Cross AT, et al. 2018. A research agenda for seed‐trait functional ecology. New Phytol. 221(4):1764–1775. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.15502.
- Salguero-Gómez R, Jones OR, Jongejans E, Blomberg SP, Hodgson DJ, Mbeau-Ache C, Zuidema PA, de Kroon H, Buckley YM. 2016. Fast–slow continuum and reproductive strategies structure plant life-history variation worldwide. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 113(1):230–235. doi:https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1506215112.
- Salguero‐Gómez R. 2017. Applications of the fast–slow continuum and reproductive strategy framework of plant life histories. New Phytol. 213(4):1618–1624. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.14289.
- Schwartz CE, Gasper ALD. 2020. Environmental factors affect population structure of tree ferns in the Brazilian subtropical Atlantic Forest. Acta Bot Brasilica. 34(1):204–213. doi:https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-33062019abb0338.
- Smith SA, Brown JW. 2018. Constructing a broadly inclusive seed plant phylogeny. Am J Bot. 105(3):302–314. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/ajb2.1019.
- Team RC. 2018. R: a language and environment for statistical computing. Austria: R Found Stat Comput Vienna.
- Tyree MT, Ewers FW. 1991. The Hydraulic Architecture of Trees and Other Woody Plants. New Phytol. 119(3):345–360. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.1991.tb00035.x.
- Uyeda JC, Caetano DS, Pennell MW. 2015. Comparative Analysis of Principal Components Can be Misleading. Syst Biol. 64(4):677–689. doi:https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/syv019.
- Vibrans AC, De Gasper AL, Moser P, Oliveira LZ, Lingner DV, Sevegnani L. 2020. Insights from a large-scale inventory in the southern Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Sci Agric. 77(1):1–12. doi:https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-992x-2018-0036.
- Vibrans AC, Sevgnani L, Lingner DV, de GAL, Sabbagh S. 2010. Inventário florístico florestal de Santa Catarina (IFFSC): aspectos metodológicos e operacionais. Pesqui Florest Bras. 30:291–302. doi:https://doi.org/10.4336/2010.pfb.30.64.291.
- Westoby M, Falster DS, Moles AT, Vesk PA, Wright IJ. 2002. Plant Ecological Strategies: some Leading Dimensions of Variation Between Species. Annu Rev Ecol Syst. 33(1):125–159. doi:https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.33.010802.150452.
- Westoby M, Wright IJ. 2006. Land-plant ecology on the basis of functional traits. Trends Ecol Evol. 21(5):261–268. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2006.02.004.
- Worthy SJ, Laughlin DC, Zambrano J, Umaña MN, Zhang C, Lin L, Cao M, Swenson NG. 2020. Alternative designs and tropical tree seedling growth performance landsCAPES</#funding-source;temp>. Ecology. 101(6):1–12.
- Wright IJ, Ackerly DD, Bongers F, Harms KE, Ibarra-Manriquez G, Martinez-Ramos M, Mazer SJ, Muller-Landau HC, Paz H, Pitman NCA, et al. 2007. Relationships among ecologically important dimensions of plant trait variation in seven neotropical forests. Ann Bot. 99(5):1003–1015. doi:https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcl066.
- Wright IJ, Reich PB, Westoby M, Ackerly DD, Baruch Z, Bongers F, Cavender-Bares J, Chapin T, Cornelissen JHC, Diemer M, et al. 2004. The worldwide leaf economics spectrum. Nature. 428(6985):821–827. doi:https://doi.org/10.1038/nature02403.
- Yang Y, Wang H, Harrison SP, Prentice IC, Wright IJ, Peng C, Lin G. 2019. Quantifying leaf-trait covariation and its controls across climates and biomes. New Phytol. 221(1):155–168. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.15422.
- Zhang JL, Cao KF. 2009. Stem hydraulics mediates leaf water status, carbon gain, nutrient use efficiencies and plant growth rates across dipterocarp species. Funct Ecol. 23(4):658–667. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2435.2009.01552.x.